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10 Special Topic: Assessment in University General Education Program
is necessary between intended student learning outcomes, teaching and
learning methods, and assessment strategies, in order to promote achievement
and demonstrable student learning (see Figure 2 below).
ILOs
Intended Learning Outcomes
(What the students are expected to learn)
TLAs
Teaching and Learning
Activities
(How students are engaged
in activities to achieve the ILOs)
ATs
Assessment Tasks
(How well the students
have met the ILOs)
Figure 2. Key Relationships in Outcomes Based Approaches
to Teaching and Learning
At the course level, intended learning outcomes (ILOs) must be clearly
specified from students’ perspectives and must be assessable. By stating what
we expect students to know or be able to do upon completion of a course, we
create an environment in which teaching and learning strategies can support
students’ achievement of those outcomes, and learning can be assessed in
authentic ways (Friedman, 2009). Teaching and learning activities (TLAs)
are simply activities that stimulate, encourage, or facilitate the learning of
one or more of the ILOs. TLAs can include, but are not limited to, readings,
lectures, role plays, internships, discussions, case studies, assignments or
homework, field trips, service learning, or individual or group projects. ATs
must relate directly to the stated ILOs to provide evidence that a particular