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Susan Gano-Phillips, Affective Learning in General Education
when they are not stated explicitly, affective learning outcomes are pervasive
in education.
Defining Affective Learning
In its simplest form, affective learning characterizes the emotional area
of learning reflected by the beliefs, values, interests, and behaviors of learners
(Krathwohl et al., 1964; Smith & Ragan, 1999; Gronlund & Brookhart,
2009). Affective learning is concerned with how learners feel while they are
learning, as well as with how learning experiences are internalized so they
can guide the learner’s attitudes, opinions, and behavior in the future (Miller,
2005).
Increasing Sophistication of Learning
Characterization by
Value Set
Organization
Valuing
Responding
Receiving
Figure 1. Affective Learning Taxonomy
From “The basis for affective-domain classification,” by D. R. Krathwohl, B. S. Bloom and
B. B. Masia, 1964, Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational
goals. Handbook II: Affective domain, pp. 36–38.