Introduction to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

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II. WHAT ARE EDCs, HOW ARE THEY USED, AND WHERE ARE THEY FOUND EDCs were recently defined by the Endocrine Society (endocrine.org), the largest international group of scientists and physicians working and practicing in the field of endocrinology, as: “an exogenous [non-natural] chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that interferes with any aspect of hormone action” (5). There are over 85,000 manufactured chemicals, of which thousands may be EDCs. A short list of representative EDCs and their applications is provided in Table 2. There are dozens of other processes and products that include EDCs, too numerous to include in this table. TABLE 2. SOME KNOWN EDCS AND THEIR USES Category/Use Pesticides Children’s products Food contact materials Electronics and Building materials Personal care products, medical tubing Antibacterials Textiles, clothing Example EDCs DDT, chlorpyrifos, atrazine, 2,4-D, glyphosate Lead, phthalates, cadmium BPA, phthalates, phenol Brominated flame retardants, PCBs Phthalates Triclosan Perfluorochemicals Abbreviations: BPA: bisphenol A; 2,4-D: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; DDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; PCBs: polychlorinated biphenyls People and animals come into contact with EDCs by a variety of routes (Table 3), including consumption of food and water, through the skin, by inhalation, and by transfer from mother to fetus (across the placenta) or mother to infant (via lactation) if a woman has EDCs in her body. 10
BLANK PAGE FOR ILLUSTRATION OF TYPES OF EDCS WHERE YOU CAN FIND EDCs PESTICIDES CHILDREN’S PRODUCTS FOOD CONTACT MATERIALS ELECTRONICS AND BUILDING MATERIALS Introduction to EDCs (December 2014) 11
Page 1 and 2: INTRODUCTION TO ENDOCRINE DISRUPTIN
Page 3 and 4: AUTHORS On behalf of the Endocrine
Page 5: CONTENTS Authors...................
Page 8 and 9: umbilical cord blood, and body tiss
Page 10 and 11: 1. MAJOR HEALTH AND SCIENCE INSTITU
Page 12 and 13: China, Czech Republic, Mexico, Sout
Page 14 and 15: ehavioral response, or other respon
Page 18 and 19: TABLE 3. EXAMPLES OF EDC ROUTES OF
Page 20 and 21: 3. IMPACTS OF EDCs I. HISTORICAL PE
Page 22 and 23: II. EDC EXPOSURES TO THE INDIVIDUAL
Page 24 and 25: In many ways, the present debate ab
Page 26 and 27: eprogramming key parts of the endoc
Page 28 and 29: carbons (PAHs), dioxins, fibers and
Page 30 and 31: 4. RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SCIENCE O
Page 32 and 33: ats) using acute exposures to a sin
Page 34 and 35: HAD)” (Box 1). This field is well
Page 36 and 37: BOX 2: SUMMARY OF GAPS BETWEEN MODE
Page 38 and 39: 5. EXPOSURE OF HUMANS TO EDCs EDCs
Page 40 and 41: BOX 3: HUMAN HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF
Page 42 and 43: illegal agricultural use may still
Page 44 and 45: These environmental sources of DDTs
Page 46 and 47: ii. Chlorpyrifos Where it is used O
Page 48 and 49: chlorpyrifos transforms to metaboli
Page 50 and 51: Negative Endocrine Health Outcome:
Page 52 and 53: We will focus here on two represent
Page 54 and 55: effects of lead exposure. In humans
Page 56 and 57: plastics in India found concentrati
Page 58 and 59: and cognition (177-179). For exampl
Page 60 and 61: BPA is used in so many products tha
Page 62 and 63: quality in women undergoing fertili
Page 64 and 65: community, public interest non-gove
Page 66 and 67:
REFERENCES 1. Diamanti-Kandarakis E
Page 68 and 69:
48. Swan SH, Brazil C, Drobnis EZ,
Page 70 and 71:
95. Wright CG, Leidy RB, Dupree HE,
Page 72 and 73:
140. Stapleton HM, Sharma S, Getzin
Page 74 and 75:
183. Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC
Page 76:
http://endocrine.org http://ipen.or
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