Population Ageing and the Well-Being of Older Persons in Thailand ...

Population Ageing and the Well-Being of Older Persons in Thailand ... Population Ageing and the Well-Being of Older Persons in Thailand ...

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Section 4: Health Status considerably less likely than younger elderly persons to do so. Gender differences in self assessed health are in the opposite direction as those with respect to life expectancy and active life expectancy. This paradox of older women experiencing better mortality but worst health status is a common finding in many populations (Verbrugge 1989). One important part of the explanation is that older men are more prone to fatal accidents and diseases while women are more prone to non-life-threatening illnesses. The most striking finding is that, according to this measure, self assessed health has improved steadily for both men and women as well as for both younger and older elderly persons. The results also indicate that in each survey women are less likely to report their health as good or very good than are men and that older are 4.3 Health problems and illness Table 4.1 presents some of the relevant information on health problems among older aged Thais as assessed in 2007. Almost a fourth judge themselves to be in poor or very poor health. This increases substantially with age with less than a fifth of persons age 60-69 compared to over 40 per cent of those 80 and older saying their health is poor or very poor. Women and rural elderly are more likely to say their health is poor or very poor than men or urban elderly. 34

Section 4: Health Status Problems with vision are relatively common among older persons. Although few indicate that they cannot see at all, one fifth indicate they do not see clearly (and presumably either have no eyeglasses or eyeglasses cannot correct their situation). Hearing problems are somewhat less common. Again very few elderly cannot hear at all but 14 per cent indicate they do not hear clearly (and apparently lack a hearing aid to correct the problem). Both vision and hearing problems increase substantially with age and are more common among older women than men and more prevalent in rural and urban areas. This is especially so for vision problems and in terms of the urbanrural contrast likely reflects more untreated cataracts among the rural elderly. Problems with incontinence, either with respect to urination or defecation, are reported by 17 per cent of older persons. These problems increase with age, are higher for women than for men, and are somewhat more prevalent in rural and urban areas. Finally, close to two thirds of older Thais report that they were ill sometime during the past five years. Again this situation increases with age and is somewhat higher for men and women and for rural than urban elderly. 4.4 Functional limitations One serious consequence of declining health and increased frailty associated with ageing is difficulty of physical movement and of independently being able to carry out basic activities of daily living. As functional limitations increase, assistance by caregivers becomes increasingly necessary. Table 4.2 examines measures of functioning by looking at a variety of potential disabilities that were asked about in the 2007 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand. 12 The first three (eating, dressing, and bathing and using the toilet) are the most basic functional activities. Only relatively small percentages of persons age 60 and over are unable to do these three activities by themselves. Moderately higher percentages report having difficulties squatting, climbing two or three stairs, and counting change when using money. Considerably higher proportions of older persons are unable to do on their own those activities that require most physical exertion such as lifting 5 kg or walking 200-300 meters. Likewise using transportation such as buses or boats pose difficulty for a substantial share of older Thais. Overall, more than a third report at least one of the functional limitations listed. 35

Section 4: Health Status<br />

considerably less likely than younger elderly persons<br />

to do so. Gender differences <strong>in</strong> self assessed health<br />

are <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> opposite direction as those with respect to<br />

life expectancy <strong>and</strong> active life expectancy. This<br />

paradox <strong>of</strong> older women experienc<strong>in</strong>g better<br />

mortality but worst health status is a common<br />

f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> many populations (Verbrugge 1989). One<br />

important part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> explanation is that older men<br />

are more prone to fatal accidents <strong>and</strong> diseases while<br />

women are more prone to non-life-threaten<strong>in</strong>g<br />

illnesses.<br />

The most strik<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g is that, accord<strong>in</strong>g to this<br />

measure, self assessed health has improved steadily for<br />

both men <strong>and</strong> women as well as for both younger <strong>and</strong><br />

older elderly persons. The results also <strong>in</strong>dicate that <strong>in</strong><br />

each survey women are less likely to report <strong>the</strong>ir health<br />

as good or very good than are men <strong>and</strong> that older are<br />

4.3 Health problems <strong>and</strong> illness<br />

Table 4.1 presents some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relevant <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

on health problems among older aged Thais as<br />

assessed <strong>in</strong> 2007. Almost a fourth judge <strong>the</strong>mselves<br />

to be <strong>in</strong> poor or very poor health. This <strong>in</strong>creases<br />

substantially with age with less than a fifth <strong>of</strong> persons<br />

age 60-69 compared to over 40 per cent <strong>of</strong> those 80<br />

<strong>and</strong> older say<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir health is poor or very poor.<br />

Women <strong>and</strong> rural elderly are more likely to say <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

health is poor or very poor than men or urban elderly.<br />

34

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