European Red List of Vascular Plants - European Commission

Table of contents
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................. v
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................. vi
Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................ ix
1. Background........................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The European context....................................................................................................................................1
1.2 European vascular plants: diversity and endemism.........................................................................................2
1.3 Species threat status.......................................................................................................................................3
1.4 Objectives of the assessment .........................................................................................................................3
2. Assessment methodology...................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Global and regional assessments....................................................................................................................5
2.2 Geographic scope .........................................................................................................................................5
2.3 Taxonomic scope...........................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Assessment protocol......................................................................................................................................6
2.5 Review workshop and evaluation of the assessments .....................................................................................6
3. Plants listed in European and international policy instruments – selection and results ................................7
3.1 Species selection ...........................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Threat status of policy plants ......................................................................................................................10
3.3 Spatial distribution of species.......................................................................................................................11
3.3.1 Species richness .................................................................................................................................11
3.3.2 Endemic species richness ...................................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Distribution of threatened species......................................................................................................13
3.4 Major threats to policy plants in Europe......................................................................................................14
3.5 Population trends........................................................................................................................................16
4. Crop wild relatives – species selection and results .........................................................................................17
4.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................17
4.1.1 Crop wild relatives: a critical resource for food security and economic stability in Europe .................17
4.1.2 European crop wild relatives: diversity and endemism........................................................................18
4.2 Selection of CWR species for assessment ....................................................................................................19
4.3 Threat status of CWR..................................................................................................................................23
4.4 Spatial distribution of species.......................................................................................................................29
4.4.1 Species richness .................................................................................................................................29
4.4.2 Endemic species richness....................................................................................................................29
4.4.3 Distribution of threatened species.......................................................................................................29
4.5 Major threats to CWR in Europe................................................................................................................30
4.6 Population trends........................................................................................................................................32
5. European aquatic plants – selection and results .............................................................................................33
5.1 Species selection .........................................................................................................................................33
5.2 Threat status of aquatic plants .....................................................................................................................35
5.3 Spatial distribution of species.......................................................................................................................37
5.3.1 Species richness .................................................................................................................................37
5.3.2 Endemic species richness ...................................................................................................................38
5.3.3 Distribution of threatened species......................................................................................................38
5.4 Major threats to aquatic plants in Europe....................................................................................................40
5.5 Population trends........................................................................................................................................42
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