European Red List of Vascular Plants - European Commission

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Figure 5. Species richness of policy plants (excluding species assessed as Data Deficient) Figure 6. Distribution of endemic policy plant species in Europe (excluding species assessed as Data Deficient) 12
Figure 5 highlights areas of particular high concentrations of policy species. Not surprisingly, the highest number of species is found in the Mediterranean region, the Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. However, a serious note of caution needs to be issued when interpreting the three maps in chapter 3.3. Maps were created using the distribution data available from different literature and internet sources and the data available differed immensely. For some countries it was only known that the species exists in this country and therefore the distribution was mapped to the whole country (e.g. Bulgaria, Romania). For other countries, such as Spain, and for many of the species on the Habitats Directive, distribution data was provided in 10x10 km grid cells and is therefore very precise. In some cases data was available at subnational level and a species was mapped to the administrative unit (e.g. regions in Italy or départments in France). In order to analyse the spatial data, a species count per hexagonal grid cell (864 km²) was carried out and displayed. This results in the illusion that wide areas on the Balkan Peninsula are very species rich compared to the Iberian Peninsula when in fact the latter hosts the most species assessed per country. The data situation is further complicated by plant distribution being coded in geographic units (e.g. floristic regions) that have not caught up with political developments 4 . The most obvious one is the distribution of plant species occurring in former Yugoslavia which in fact now comprises seven individual countries. Moldova is joined in one floristic region with Ukraine and the Baltic States are referred to as one region without further statement in which of the three countries the species is found. In many cases, we had no access to lists of the national flora and it is likely that the countries named above were omitted or wrongly added in the distribution of the plant. 3.3.2 Endemic species richness Figure 6 shows the distribution of endemic policy species (e.g. those that are unique to Europe and are found nowhere else in the world). Particularly high numbers of endemic species are found in the Mediterranean, the Macaronesian Islands and Central Europe. The Macaronesian Islands also host a variety of species that are not only endemic to Europe but often endemic to the islands: 93 species are only found in the Canary Islands and 41 only in Madeira. The number of species endemic to only one country is high overall with 460 out Table 3. Number of policy plant species in the 27 current EU Member States (excluding introduced species) Country Total number of species Austria 117 Belgium 58 Bulgaria 123 Cyprus 62 Czech Republic 109 Denmark 51 Estonia 56 Finland 68 France 171 Germany 109 Greece 180 Hungary 106 Ireland 33 Italy 221 Latvia 60 Lithuania 58 Luxembourg 44 Malta 31 Netherlands 46 Poland 105 Portugal 211 Romania 132 Slovakia 99 Slovenia 98 Spain 318 Sweden 89 United Kingdom 64 of 891 assessed. Here again, the Iberian Peninsula hosts the highest number of single country endemics with 63 species found only in mainland Portugal and 51 only in mainland Spain. It is followed by mainland Greece (40 species), mainland Italy (34) and Cyprus (18). 3.3.3 Distribution of threatened species The distribution of threatened vascular plants in Europe (Figure 7) reveals that in particular the Macaronesian Islands with their unique flora host many threatened species. It is furthermore interesting that a high concentration of threatened species is found along coasts (southern and western Iberian Peninsula, northern Norway, Greece, south Crimea) and on Mediterranean 4 For more information on the geographic units used see The World Checklist on Selected Plant Families (The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010) and the Euro+Med Plantbase (2006-2011). 13
Page 1: European Red List of Vascular Plant
Page 4 and 5: Published by the European Commissio
Page 6 and 7: 6. Discussion .....................
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgements All of IUCN’s Re
Page 10 and 11: Andrés Vicente Pérez Latorre Lore
Page 12 and 13: are declining. But more interesting
Page 14 and 15: a global “biodiversity hotspot”
Page 16 and 17: The assessment provides three main
Page 18 and 19: level, and species complexes have b
Page 20 and 21: Convention includes 612 European pl
Page 22 and 23: 3.2 Threat status of policy plants
Page 26 and 27: Figure 7. Distribution of threatene
Page 28 and 29: indica aggressively compete for spa
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Page 36 and 37: Table 6. Threatened and extinct CWR
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Family Species Red List Status Euro
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Appendix 2. Red List status of sele
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Family Species IUCN Red List Catego
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Appendix 3. Methodology for spatial
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