European Red List of Vascular Plants - European Commission

European Red List of Vascular Plants - European Commission European Red List of Vascular Plants - European Commission

15.02.2015 Views

The assessment provides three main outputs: ■■ This summary report on the status and distribution of selected groups of European vascular plants; their main threats and recommendations for conservation measures, as well as a poster on their status. ■■ A freely available database holding the baseline data for monitoring the status and distribution of European vascular plants; ■■ A website and data portal (http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist and http://www.iucnredlist.org/europe) showcasing this data in the form of species factsheets for all European plants that were assessed, along with background and other interpretative material; The data presented in this report provides a snapshot based on knowledge available at the time of writing. The database will continue to be updated and made freely and widely available. IUCN will ensure wide dissemination of this data to relevant decision makers, NGOs and scientists to inform the implementation of conservation actions on the ground. Marsilea batardae is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula where it has a limited range in the basins of the rivers Tejo, Sado, Guadiana and Guadalquivir. This aquatic plant suffers from the general destruction and degradation of water bodies such as the construction of dams, embankment of streams or pollution. Marsilea batardae has been assessed as Endangered and is protected under the Habitats Directive and Bern Convention. Photograph © Richard V. Lansdown. 4

2. Assessment Methodology 2.1 Global and regional assessments The extinction risk of a species can be assessed at global, regional or national level. One species can have a different category in the Global Red List and a Regional Red List. For example, a species that is common worldwide and classed as Least Concern (LC) in the Global Red List could face a high level of threat and fit the Endangered category (EN) in a particular region (see Figure 2 for a list of the IUCN categories). In order to avoid an overor underestimation of the regional extinction risk of a species, the Guidelines for the application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level should be applied (IUCN 2003). Logically, an endemic species should have the same category at regional and global level, as it is not present in any other part of the world. 2.2 Geographic scope The geographical scope is continent-wide, extending from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east (including European parts of the Russian Federation), and from Franz Josef Land in the north to the Mediterranean in the south (see Figure 1). The Canary Islands, Madeira and the Azores were also included. In the southeast, where definitions of Europe are most contentious, the Caucasus region was not included. Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: 1) for geographical Europe (limits described above); and 2) for the area of the 27 Member States of the European Union. 2.3 Taxonomic scope The requirements for this project were to assess c. 2,000 vascular plant species including all the ones that are listed under the Annexes II, IV and V of the Habitats Directive. We looked at the families covered under the Habitats Directive to see whether there were any families which could be assessed completely and which were a potential conservation priority. But this approach was soon disregarded and in consultation with different experts from within and outside IUCN/SSC Plant Specialist Groups we decided to look at functional groups of plants. The most logical step was to expand the list of species under the Habitats Directive by including other vascular plant species that are listed under other policy instruments, namely the Bern Convention, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the EU Wildlife Trade regulation. In addition, aquatic plant species were assessed as a group because freshwater systems are among the most threatened ecosystems and as this group would align well with other freshwater species that were being assessed (amphibians, fishes, molluscs, dragonflies). Finally, priority crop wild relatives were selected due to their importance for food security and because a very active and knowledgeable IUCN/SSC Crop Wild Relative Specialist Group was already in place to advance those red list assessments. More detailed information on the selection of species for each of the three groups can be found in chapters 3, 4 and 5. During the project, experts offered to submit independent assessments for a small number of species. Seven Italian endemics (Bellevalia webbiana, Callianthemum kernerianum, Centaurea corensis, Dianthus morisianus, Limonium calabrum, Limonium sibthorpianum, Sanguisorba dodecandra) and one species endemic to Ukraine and the Central Russian upland (Daphne sophia) were therefore added to the list of plants in Appendix 2. These species were not included in any of the analysis in chapter 3, 4 or 5, but have been included in the overall figure of threatened plants. All selected plant species included in this assessment are native to Europe or naturalised before AD 1500. The selection of species for the European Red List of Vascular Plants took place in summer/autumn 2008 and the taxonomy followed at that time was published and unpublished material from Euro+Med Plantbase (2006- 2011). In addition names of species were checked against the International Plant Names Index to ensure that they had been validly published. Over the last decade the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden have been continuously working on compiling a comprehensive global plant checklist. As a result, new global databases have become available online since the start of this project such as The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010- 2011) or The Plant List (2010-2011). As a consequence, there have been some significant changes in what taxa are now recognized as being accepted names and under which genera they are placed; many taxa previously accepted as good species have been lumped with others and relegated to synonymy or they are now treated as infra-specific taxa, former infra-specific taxa have been raised to species 5

The assessment provides three main outputs:<br />

■■ This summary report on the status and distribution<br />

<strong>of</strong> selected groups <strong>of</strong> <strong>European</strong> vascular plants; their<br />

main threats and recommendations for conservation<br />

measures, as well as a poster on their status.<br />

■■ A freely available database holding the baseline data for<br />

monitoring the status and distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>European</strong><br />

vascular plants;<br />

■■ A website and data portal (http://ec.europa.eu/<br />

environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist and<br />

http://www.iucnredlist.org/europe) showcasing this<br />

data in the form <strong>of</strong> species factsheets for all <strong>European</strong><br />

plants that were assessed, along with background and<br />

other interpretative material;<br />

The data presented in this report provides a snapshot<br />

based on knowledge available at the time <strong>of</strong> writing. The<br />

database will continue to be updated and made freely and<br />

widely available. IUCN will ensure wide dissemination<br />

<strong>of</strong> this data to relevant decision makers, NGOs and<br />

scientists to inform the implementation <strong>of</strong> conservation<br />

actions on the ground.<br />

Marsilea batardae is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula where it has a limited range in the basins <strong>of</strong> the rivers Tejo, Sado, Guadiana and Guadalquivir. This aquatic plant suffers from the<br />

general destruction and degradation <strong>of</strong> water bodies such as the construction <strong>of</strong> dams, embankment <strong>of</strong> streams or pollution. Marsilea batardae has been assessed as Endangered and is<br />

protected under the Habitats Directive and Bern Convention. Photograph © Richard V. Lansdown.<br />

4

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