Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide

Bomem-GRAMS 

User's Guide 

This manual contains: Information on installing Bomem-GRAMS, and using the Collect menu 

commands. 

IMZ9013 

Revision 1.1 March 2003

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Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide 

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iv 

Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide

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You can also consult ABB’s web site at www.abb.com/analytical 


v

T ABLE OF CONTENTS 

About this Manual............................................................................................................................................ ix 

1. Quick Start................................................................................................................................................. 1 

1.1 Check the signal.............................................................................................................................. 1 

1.2 Acquire a background spectrum ..................................................................................................... 5 

1.3 Acquire a sample spectrum............................................................................................................. 6 

2. Bomem-GRAMS........................................................................................................................................ 9 

2.1 Description ..................................................................................................................................... 9 

3. Software Installation ............................................................................................................................... 11 

3.1 Software description ..................................................................................................................... 11 

3.2 Computer requirements ................................................................................................................ 12 

3.3 Software installation ..................................................................................................................... 12 

4. The Collect Menu .................................................................................................................................... 15 

4.1 Description ................................................................................................................................... 15 

4.1.1 

4.1.2 

Setup............................................................................................................................... 15 

Align............................................................................................................................... 22 

4.1.3 

4.1.4 

Collect ............................................................................................................................ 24 

Instrument Status and Control........................................................................................ 27 

4.1.5 Halt Collect ....................................................................................................................29 

4.1.5.1 

4.1.5.2 

Data acquisition initiated by the Align command ........................................ 29 

Data acquisition initiated by the Collect command ...................................... 29 

4.1.6 Help................................................................................................................................ 30 

A Apodization Functions ............................................................................................................................ 31 

A.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 31 

A.2 Functions available in Bomem-GRAMS...................................................................................... 31 

B Array Basic Interface .............................................................................................................................. 33 

B.1 Array Basic methods .................................................................................................................... 33 

B.2 Array Basic Properties.................................................................................................................. 38 

B.3 Error codes.................................................................................................................................... 41 


vii

C Audit Log ..................................................................................................................................................45 

D Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................47 

Index of Dialog boxes.......................................................................................................................................59 

Index..................................................................................................................................................................61 

viii 

Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide

ABOUT THIS M ANUAL 

Audience 

a This appendix is intended 

for people who will be 

programming in the Array 

Basic language. 

This manual is intended for personnel installing Bomem-GRAMS (which 

consists of GRAMS/AI or GRAMS/LT and the added Collect menu) and using 

the Collect menu commands. Please refer to the following chapters: 

For information on: 

Refer to: 

Installing Bomem-GRAMS Chapter 3 Software Installation 

Using the Collect menu commands Chapter 1 Quick Start 

Chapter 4 The Collect Menu 

The apodization functions used by 

Appendix A Apodization Functions 

the software. 

The Array Basic extensions related to 

the Michelson Collect Driver. a 

 

Appendix B Array Basic Interface 

For information on GRAMS/AI software and the Array Basic language, 

refer to the manuals from Thermo Galactic. These manuals are included 

with your spectrometer. 

Note: GRAMS/LT is a simplified version of GRAMS/AI. It can be provided by 

ABB with the purchase of certain instruments. 

Conventions used 

in ABB manuals 

Software commands and dialog box names and are shown in boldface type. 

Text to be entered into software is in sans serif type. 

 

This symbol refers you to another manual or document. 

Note: Supplemental information to help the reader. 

Important: Information that is important, but that does not concern the safe use 

of the equipment. 

This symbol shows that Caution is required. Follow 

the instructions carefully to avoid damage to the equipment. 

WARNING! Failure to comply with warnings can result in serious injury 

or loss of life. 


ix

CHAPTER 1 

QUICK START 

This Quick Start guides you in acquiring the transmittance spectrum of a sample 

using Bomem-GRAMS, once the program has been installed (see Chapter 3 on 

page 11). 

Note: All commands used in this section are in the Collect menu and are 

described in detail in Chapter 4 on page 15. 

 

For information on the other functions in Bomem-GRAMS, refer to 

the GRAMS/AI manuals from Thermo Galactic. These manuals are 

included with your spectrometer. 

1.1 Check the signal 

1. Make sure that the sampling accessory or sample holder is properly 

installed and that there are no objects or sample in the sampling area. 

(This condition is called “open beam”.) 

2. Start Bomem-GRAMS (see Figure 1-1 below). 

Figure 1-1. Starting Bomem-GRAMS 

3. Select Setup in the Collect menu. Once the connected instruments have 

been detected the Parameters Setup dialog box (see Figure 1-2 on page 2) 

will be displayed. Use the Acquisition Card list box to select one of 

the connected instruments. 

Make sure that all of the parameters on the four tabs are set correctly 

(refer to the Section 4.1.1 on page 15). 

Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide 1

Section 1.1 

Check the signal 

Figure 1-2. Parameter Setup dialog box 

4. Set the spectrometer resolution to 4 cm -1 . If the spectrometer has a manual 

resolution switch, turn the knob to 4. If the spectrometer resolution is 

computer controlled, select Instrument Status and Control and set 

the Resolution to 4 (see Figure 1-3 below). 

Figure 1-3. Instrument Status and Control dialog box 

5. Select Align to display the Align dialog box (see Figure 1-4 on page 3). 

2 Bomem-GRAMS User's Guide

Chapter 1 

Quick Start 

Figure 1-4. Align dialog box 

Set the parameters as follows: 

Spectral Range Start and End: 

• for MIR: 4000 to 400 cm -1 

• for NIR: 14 000 to 4000 cm -1 

Show Scan direction: Both directions 

Data type: Single-Beam 

6. Click OK Align to begin data acquisition in the align mode. This will allow 

you to make sure the spectra will be properly acquired without detector 

saturation. 

In the align mode, the display is continuously updated until the Halt Collect 

command is selected. No data is saved in this mode. 

7. Observe the displayed spectrum. The word Align near the upper right 

corner of the display indicates the interferogram amplitude as a percentage 

of the maximum allowed (refer to Maximum interferogram amplitude 

allowed on page 21). This percentage should be between 40% and 90%. 

8. Check for any unusual spectral features such as a strong signal below 

the detector cut-off frequency (usually caused by detector saturation). 

Note: Bomem-GRAMS can automatically detect this condition. Refer to 

Optical Cut-Off Detection on page 21. 

Figure 1-5 on page 4 shows typical open-beam spectra for MIR 

(mid infrared) and NIR (near infrared). 


Section 1.1 

Check the signal 

Figure 1-5. Typical open-beam spectra 

Figure 1-6 below presents MIR spectra showing detector saturation. 

Highly 

saturated 

Saturated 

Normal 

Figure 1-6. MIR spectra showing detector saturation 

9. Select Halt to stop data acquisition. 


Chapter 1 

Quick Start 

1.2 Acquire 

a background 

spectrum 

1. Select Collect to display the Collect dialog box (see Figure 1-7 below). 


Acquisition type: Background 

General Param: 

• Number of Scans: 10 or more 

File Name: Enter a file name (up to 144 characters). 

The program will automatically add the extension shown. 

Use Auto Gain: Select this option. 

2. Click OK Collect to begin data acquisition. 

During data acquisition the spectrum of each individual scan is displayed on 

the page. When all the spectra are acquired, the coadded spectrum is 

displayed and saved. 

Figure 1-7. Collect dialog box 


Section 1.3 

Acquire a sample spectrum 

1.3 Acquire 

a sample 

spectrum 

1. When the background spectrum has been acquired, insert the sample in 

the sample holder or sampling accessory. 

For an FT-IR series spectrometer: 

• For MIR, use the polystyrene sample supplied with 

the spectrometer (see Figure 1-8 below). 

• For NIR, do not use the polystyrene sample. Instead, place an 

ordinary plastic bag over the sample holder. 

For another model of spectrometer, use a sample of the appropriate type. 

Figure 1-8. Inserting the polystyrene sample into the sample holder of an MB Series spectrometer 

2. Select Collect to display the Collect dialog box (see Figure 1-7 on page 5). 


Acquisition type: Normal 

Spectral Range Start and End: 

• for MIR: from 4000 to 400 cm -1 

• for NIR: from 14 000 to 4000 cm -1 

General Param: 

• Initial Delay: 0 

• Number of scans: 10 or more 


Chapter 1 

Quick Start 

File Name: Enter a file name (up to 144 characters). 

The program will automatically add the extension shown. 

Use Auto Gain: Select this option. 

Data type: %Trans 

Background: This should be the name of the background file enter in 

step 1 of Section 1.2. 

3. Click OK Collect to begin data acquisition. 

During data acquisition the spectrum of each individual scan is displayed on 

the page. When all the spectra are acquired, the coadded spectrum is 

displayed and saved. 

4. Observe the acquired spectrum. 

Figure 1-9 below shows an example of the transmittance spectrum of 

a polystyrene sample in the MIR range and the transmittance spectrum of 

a plastic bag in the NIR range. 

Figure 1-9. Transmittance spectra 


CHAPTER 2 

BOMEM-GRAMS 

2.1 Description 

GRAMS/LT is a simplified 

version of GRAMS/AI. It can 

be provided by ABB with the 

purchase of certain 

instruments. 

Bomem-GRAMS is a program for spectral acquisition, display, and processing 

that can interact directly with an ABB FT-IR instrument. 

Bomem-GRAMS consists of the following components, which are installed 

separately. These components are included on the ABB and Thermo Galactic 

Products CD-ROM: 

• GRAMS/AI (or GRAMS/LT) version 7 from Thermo Galactic 

• the Michelson Collect Driver from ABB 

Note: This manual assumes that the user already be familiar with 

the GRAMS/AI environment. This manual does not attempt to document 

GRAMS/AI software or the Array Basic language. 

The present version of GRAMS/AI from Thermo Galactic is designed to run on 

Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. This version uses the driver 

technology called “My Instrument”. With this feature, when a compatible “My 

Instrument” control program is detected on the computer, GRAMS/AI will 

automatically add a Collect menu that will link to the instrument. When any 

command in the Collect menu is used, a new page will automatically be added 

to the current workbook with a link to the instrument. 

Installing the Michelson Collect Driver adds the Collect menu (see Figure 2-1 

below) to GRAMS/AI and allows GRAMS/AI to communicate with ABB FT-IR 

instruments. Once the Collect menu has been added to GRAMS/AI, the 

software is referred to as Bomem-GRAMS. 

Figure 2-1. Collect menu 


CHAPTER 3 

SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 

Note: If the computer is supplied by ABB Inc., the software is already installed 

and configured. 

Administrator access privileges are required to install the Michelson 

Collect Driver. 

For convenience, this installation procedure is provided in this manual 

and in the FT-IR Spectrometer Ethernet Interface and External Ethernet 

for FT-IR User's Guide. 

3.1 Software 

description 

GRAMS/LT is a simplified 

version of GRAMS/AI. It can 

be provided by ABB with the 

purchase of certain 

instruments. 

This chapter shows how to install the following software: 

‣ Products from Thermo Galactic including GRAMS/AI (or GRAMS/LT) 

GRAMS/AI is a program for spectral acquisition, display, and processing. 

It also includes tools for building calibration models. 

‣ The Michelson Collect Driver from ABB. This includes the following 

components: 

• the ABB FT-IR Control Panel configuration applet (bodriv.cpl) 

This is used to configure the FT-IR Spectrometer Ethernet Interface of 

an instrument and to update the firmware. 

• the Acquisition DLL (bograms.dll) 

This enables applications to control and acquire data from ABB FT-IR 

instruments through the FT-IR Spectrometer Ethernet Interface. 

• the Collect menu. This menu is added to GRAMS/AI or GRAMS/LT 

and contains commands allowing you to set acquisition parameters for 

and acquire spectra from ABB FT-IR instruments. 

The Collect menu is part of an ActiveX acquisition interface (bgac.dll). 

The interface simplifies connecting to the FT-IR Spectrometer Ethernet 

Interface from any application that supports ActiveX. 

Note: Once the Collect menu has been added to GRAMS/AI, the software is 

referred to as Bomem-GRAMS 


Section 3.2 

Computer requirements 

3.2 Computer 

requirements 

The minimum requirements for the computer are: 

• Pentium II class computer, 350 MHz, 128 MB RAM 

• Ethernet network adapter 

• Windows NT version 4.0 with Service Pack 6a 

Windows 2000 

Windows XP 

3.3 Software 

installation 

The software is installed using the following procedure: 

1. Insert the ABB and Thermo Galactic Products CD-ROM into the CD-ROM 

drive of the computer. The main menu should appear automatically (see 

Figure 3-1 below). 

Note: 

If the main menu fails to appear, using Windows Explorer, find and 

double click the file launch.exe on the CD-ROM. 

Figure 3-1. Main menu of installation program 


Chapter 3 

Software Installation 

2. Click the Install Products button. The Install Products screen 

(see Figure 3-2 below) will appear. This screen presents the lists of products 

available on the CD-ROM. 

Figure 3-2. Install Products screen 

3. Select Thermo Galactic Products to install Thermo Galactic products. 

The Typical installation option includes GRAMS/AI. If you perform 

a Custom installation be sure to include GRAMS/AI. 

4. Follow the screen prompts and refer to the documentation from Thermo 

Galactic to complete the installation. 

5. Start GRAMS/AI to complete the installation (see Figure 3-3 on page 14). 

Then exit GRAMS/AI. 

Note: 

It is important to start and exit GRAMS/AI at least once before 

proceeding with the installation. 


Section 3.3 

Software installation 

Figure 3-3. Starting GRAMS/AI 

6. Return to the Install Products screen and Select Michelson Collect Driver 

to install the driver. 

7. Return to the main menu and exit the program. 

8. Restart the computer. 

After these steps have been completed, the Collect menu will appear in 

the menu bar of GRAMS/AI. 

 

For information on the other menus in Bomem-GRAMS, refer to 




CHAPTER 4 

THE COLLECT MENU 

The user interface of Bomem-GRAMS is identical to that of the standard version 

of GRAMS/AI except for the addition of the Collect menu. This chapter 

describes the commands in the Collect menu. 

 

For information on the other commands in Bomem-GRAMS, refer to 



4.1 Description 

The Collect menu of Bomem-GRAMS contains all of the acquisition-related 

commands. These commands are shown in Figure 4-1 below and are described 

in the following sections. 

Figure 4-1. Collect menu 

Note: The standard toolbar is disabled while acquisition-related commands are 

executing. 

4.1.1 Setup 

The Setup command is used to set parameters that affect how spectrum 

acquisition is performed. Clicking Setup in the Collect menu displays 

the Parameter Setup dialog box. This dialog box has four tabs: 

• Hardware 

• Spectroscopic Parameters 

• Program 

• Saturation 


Section 4.1 

Description 

Parameter Setup: Hardware 

The Hardware tab is used to display and edit hardware parameters. 

• Instrument Type indicates the type of spectrometer or analyzer being used. 

This parameter cannot be edited in this dialog box; it is edited using the ABB 

FT-IR Control Panel applet. 

 

For information on using the Control Panel applet, refer to the FT-IR 

Spectrometer Ethernet Interface and External Ethernet Interface for 

FT-IR User’s Guide. 

• Acquisition card selects the type of acquisition card or instrument that will 

be used to acquire data. Note that only one instrument can be used at a time. 

The currently selected card or instrument is indicated by a symbol 

at the left of the name. 

A symbol indicates that the instrument is free, i.e. not already 

connected. 


Chapter 4 

The Collect Menu 

A symbol indicates that the instrument is busy and thus not 

available for connection. 

• Timeout sets the longest delay the program will wait before declaring that 

a hardware error has been detected. 

• Computer Controlled indicates that the instrument responds to computer 

commands. This parameter cannot be edited in the Hardware tab; it is edited 

using the ABB FT-IR Control Panel applet. 

• Detector selects the channel (detector) for which the first stage gain values 

are displayed. Depending on the selected instrument, the valid range is 1 or 2, 

or 1 to 64. 

• Use First Stage Gain and Use Second Stage Gain indicate that the gains on 

the first and second stages of the preamplifier are computer selectable. These 

parameters cannot be edited in the Hardware tab; they are edited using 

the ABB FT-IR Control Panel applet. 

• Use Default restores the default values. 

Parameter Setup: Spectroscopic Parameters 

The Spectroscopic Parameters tab is used to change the way spectra are 

calculated from the raw interferogram data. 


Section 4.1 

Description 

b The recommended setting 

for this field is Cosine. 

• Apodization b selects the apodization function that is applied to 

the interferogram before computing the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). 

The available apodization functions are listed and described in Appendix A 

on page 31. 

• Laser Freq must be set to the frequency of the reference laser. 

This value should be 15799.7 for the red He-Ne laser used in all standard FT- 

IR Series spectrometers. Changing this value will render the data acquired 

incompatible with other data and with standard methods and libraries. 

• Absorbance Cut-Off min and Cut-Off max define the minimum and 

maximum values that any absorbance spectrum can reach. 

If the spectrum goes out of this range it is automatically truncated. 

• Transmittance Cut-Off min and Cut-Off max define the minimum and 

maximum values that any transmittance spectrum can reach. 

If the spectrum goes out of this range it is automatically truncated. 


Chapter 4 


c For most applications, normal 

phase correction with Gaussian 

apodization and 128 cm -1 

resolution should be used. 

• Phase correction c affects the behaviour of the phase correction that is 

performed on the spectrum after computing the fast Fourier transform of 

the interferogram. 

Apodization selects the apodization function to use on the phase 

interferogram. 

Resolution selects the number of points to use for the apodization 

function. 

Type selects the interferogram from which the phase information is 

deduced: 

Normal selects the same interferogram as the sample. 

Stored selects an external interferogram stored in a file. 


Parameter Setup: Program 

The Program tab shows parameters that affect the behaviour of the acquisition 

interface. 


Section 4.1 

Description 

• Buffer size allows changing the size of the FIFO (First In First Out memory) 

buffer that is used in the FT-IR Spectrometer Ethernet interface to hold 

spectra. The default value is recommended. 

• Overwrite warning when checked, the program will ask the user for 

confirmation before overwriting an existing file. 

d Some third-party software 

utilities may have trouble 

with floating-point format. 

However, files stored in this 

format can easily be 

converted to the GRAMS 

format by loading them in 

Bomem-GRAMS and saving 

them under a new name. 

• File Format selects the format in which the files generated by the acquisition 

interface will be stored. 

IEEE floating-point format d stores the files in floating point format. 

This format is recommended because it provides better precision for 

the results. 

New SPC GRAMS format stores the files in the GRAMS SPC format. 

• Save Option determines whether the full or the specified spectral range is 

included in the saved spectrum files. This option is valid for the Absorbance 

and Transmittance data types only. 



Chapter 4 


Parameter Setup: Saturation 

The Saturation tab is used to set the parameters related to automatic saturation 

monitoring. 

e This value is also used as the 

target value for the maximum 

interferogram amplitude by 

the automatic gain setting 

function. 

• Maximum interferogram amplitude allowed e used to calculate 

the percentage values displayed by the align function and determines 

the saturation threshold for interferograms. 

• Optical Cut-Off Detection used to diagnose spectra for saturation 

(and/or nonlinearity). 

Spectral Range defines a region where each spectrum acquired by 

Bomem-GRAMS is tested by computing the average amplitude of 

the points in this region. 

The spectral range must be chosen to be below the cut-off of the detector 

and/or the optics. In mid IR, this will usually be below 400 cm -1 and in 

near IR, below 4000 cm -1 . 


Section 4.1 

Description 

Threshold determines the maximum value (in percentage) of the ratio of 

the average amplitude in the Spectral Range against the maximum 

spectrum amplitude. 

If the ratio is greater than the threshold value, a saturation warning is 

given to the user and put in the audit log (see Appendix C on page 45). 


4.1.2 Align 

The Align command is used to display a spectrum or interferogram that is 

updated after each scan of the spectrometer. This is useful to adjust accessories 

for maximum throughput and to check if the signal intensity is acceptable. 

A readout of the ZPD amplitude as a percentage of the maximum allowed ZPD 

is also provided. When the Align command is selected, Bomem-GRAMS 

switches to the page used for alignment and the Align dialog box appears. 

Align 

This dialog box is used to set align parameters before data acquisition is started. 

• Spectral Range Start and End define the displayed spectral region. 

• Show Scan direction allows showing the scans in one direction only 

(direction 0 or direction 1), or in both directions simultaneously. 

• Data type determines the type of data that will be displayed. 

IGram: raw interferogram 

Single-Beam: single-beam spectrum 


Chapter 4 


f For transmittance spectrum 

and absorbance spectrum a 

background file is required. 

%Trans: transmittance spectrum f 

Absorb: absorbance spectrum f 

Background: the name of the current background (reference) file. 

• OK Align begins data acquisition. 

During this data acquisition, the display (see Figure 4-2 below) is continuously 

updated until the Halt Collect command (see Section 4.1.5 on page 29) is 

selected. No data is saved when using the Align command. 

1 

2 

8 

7 

6 

5 

3 

4 

Figure 4-2. Align display 


Section 4.1 

Description 

Number 

Identification 

1 Date and time 

2 Spectrum type 

3 Y-axis units 

4 X-axis units 

5 Interferogram ZPD amplitude as a percentage of the maximum allowed ZPD 

6 Scan speed in scans per minute 

(1 scan includes a forward and a reverse sweep) 

7 Resolution and instrument mode (Mid IR or Near IR) 

8 Number of scans 

4.1.3 Collect 

The Collect command is used for all data acquisition in Bomem-GRAMS. 

When the Collect command is selected, Bomem-GRAMS switches to the page 

used for data acquisition and the Collect dialog box appears. 

Collect 

This dialog box is used to set collect parameters before data acquisition is started. 


Chapter 4 


g Spectra are acquired over 

the full spectral range unless 

specified otherwise in the 

Save Option parameter. 

• Acquisition type determines the type of data acquisition that will be used. 

Background: reference spectra 

Normal: normal spectra 

Kinetic: multifiles 

• Spectral Range Start and End define the displayed spectral region. g 

• General Param allows setting the following parameters: 

Initial Delay: delay in seconds before any scans are acquired. 

Number of Scans: number of scans to be averaged (coadded) together. 

Note: A scan is defined as a forward and a reverse sweep of the scan 

mechanism. Therefore, a single scan will result in two 

interferograms. The interferograms for forward sweeps and 

reverse sweeps are not combined, they are averaged separately. 

The forward and reverse sweep information is combined during 

the transformation from interferograms to spectra after the phase 

correction. 

• Use Auto Gain: When selected, determines the optimal gain setting using 

the first scan acquired. 

h When the Acquisition type is 

Kinetic, the gain is 

recalculated for each sub-file. 

The ZPD must be as close as possible to the maximum allowed ZPD without 

exceeding it. After the gain is determined, all scans are acquired using this 

gain setting. h All spectra are normalised with respect to the gain used so that 

they can be compared directly without scaling. 

The actual gain selected can be observed in real time with the Instrument 

Status and Control command (see Section 4.1.4 on page 27). The gain used 

is also stored in the resulting spectrum file in the audit log (see Appendix C 

on page 45). 

i When the Data type is 

transmittance or absorbance, 

a single beam file is also 

saved. 

• File Name indicates the name under which the files will be saved. This name 

can have a maximum length of 144 characters. The extension of the file is 

determined automatically and will depend on the type of data acquisition 

used. i The extension of the file will be one of the following: 

.interferogram.spc 

.background.spc 

.single beam.spc 

.transmittance.spc 

.absorbance.spc 


Section 4.1 

Description 

j For transmittance and 

absorbance spectra 

a background file is required. 

k Kinetic parameters are used 

when Kinetic is used as 

Acquisition type. 

Once a name is chosen, each time the Collect command is selected, 

the program will suggest this name with a number appended to it 

(the program will automatically increment the existing number). 

For example, if the first time the Collect command is selected the File Name 

is poly.absorbance.spc, the second time the command is selected 

the suggested name will be poly1.absorbance.spc, the third time it will be 

poly2.absorbance.spc, and so on. 

• Memo allows the user to attach an optional description to the file. 

• Data type determines the type of data that will be acquired. 

IGram: raw interferogram 

Single-Beam: single-beam spectrum 

%Trans: transmittance spectrum j 

Absorb: absorbance spectrum j 

Background: the name of the current background (reference) file. 

• Kinetic parameters k allows setting the following parameters: 

Number of Sub-Files: number of sub-files to acquire. 

Minimum time interval between Sub-Files: minimum time in 

seconds between the start of two consecutive sub-files. Using zero will 

cause Bomem-GRAMS to acquire as fast as possible with no delays 

between the end of one sub-file and the start of the next. 

• OK Collect begins data acquisition. 

During this data acquisition the spectrum of each individual scan is displayed on 

the page. When all the spectra are acquired, the coadded spectrum is displayed 

(see Figure 4-3 on page 27) and saved. 

The audit log for files acquired with Bomem-GRAMS contains information on 

the parameters and on the conditions under which the process occurred. This 

information can be visualised by using the Trace Information command in 

the File menu (see Appendix C on page 45). 

Data acquisition can be aborted by selecting the Halt Collect command 

(see Section 4.1.5 on page 29). When this command is selected, the current page 

is cleared and the Halt Collect dialog box appears. 


Chapter 4 


2 

1 

3 

Figure 4-3. Page used for data acquisition 

Number 

Identification 

1 File name 

2 Number of scans acquired 

3 Elapsed and remaining time for this acquisition 

4.1.4 Instrument 

Status and 

Control 

The Instrument Status and Control command is used to obtain the current 

instrument status and to change operating conditions on the instrument if it 

supports computer control. 

Instrument Status and Control 

This dialog box appears after clicking Instrument Status and Control in 

the Collect menu of Bomem-GRAMS. 


Section 4.1 

Description 

• Instrument indicates the type of spectrometer or analyzer being used. This 

parameter cannot be edited in this dialog box; it is edited using the ABB FT- 

IR Control Panel applet. 

 

For information on using the Control Panel applet, refer to the FT-IR 

Spectrometer Ethernet Interface and External Ethernet for FT-IR 

User’s Guide. 

• Speed indicates the current acquisition speed in scans per minute (1 scan 

includes a forward and a reverse sweep). This parameter cannot be edited. 

• Over Sampling indicates whether the instrument is acquiring one sample per 

fringe and thus running in Mid IR mode with an upper wavelength limit 

around 8000 cm -1 (Over Sampling OFF) or two samples per fringe and 

running in Near IR mode with an upper wavelength limit around 16 000 cm -1 

(Over Sampling ON). This parameter cannot be edited. 

• Detector selects the detector or channel or used to acquire data. The meaning 

of this field varies from instrument to instrument: 

On an FTPA2000-260 Process FT-IR Spectrometer this field corresponds to 

one of the fibre optic channels. 

On a Hand Held Diffuse Reflectance Probe only two detectors are defined, 

detector 1 corresponds to the diffuse reflectance probe, 

detector 2 corresponds to the fibre optic interface. 

On a standard FT-IR Spectrometer, detector 1 is the standard detector; 

detector 2 corresponds to the auxiliary or the external detector. 

• Resolution indicates the current instrument resolution and allows changing 

the resolution on instruments that support computer control. 


Chapter 4 


l If only the second stage gain 

is available the first stage gain 

field will be disabled. 

• Gain First Stage and Second Stage l allow setting the preamplifier gains on 

instruments that support computer control. 

The Instrument Status and Control dialog box can remain active over 

the current page while other actions are being performed, in order to follow 

the state of the instrument. 

Changes to the state of the instrument are allowed during alignment or when 

there is no data acquisition. Changes to the state of the instrument are not 

allowed during data acquisition. However, if Use Auto Gain is selected in 

the Collect dialog box (see Section 4.1.3 on page 24), the gain may change 

automatically. 

4.1.5 Halt Collect 

The Halt Collect command is used to stop data acquisition. 

Note: This command has no effect if there is no data acquisition in progress. 

4.1.5.1 Data acquisition initiated by the Align command 

When data acquisition was initiated by the Align command, selecting the Halt 

Collect command will clear the current page. No data will be saved. 

4.1.5.2 Data acquisition initiated by the Collect command 

When data acquisition was initiated by the Collect command, selecting the Halt 

Collect command will clear the current page. The Halt Collect dialog box will 

then appear. 

Halt Collect 

This dialog box appears after clicking Halt Collect in the Collect menu during 

data acquisition initiated by the Collect command. 


Section 4.1 

Description 

• Halt current collect and loose data halts the current data acquisition and 

erases all data. 

• Halt current collect but keep data accumulated up to now halts the current 

data acquisition and saves data acquired so far. 

• OK performs the selected action. 

• Cancel cancels the Halt Collect command and allows data acquisition to 

continue. 

4.1.6 Help 

The Help command provides access to the About Bomem-GRAMS dialog box 

and to Help Using Bomem-GRAMS. 


APPENDIX A 

APODIZATION FUNCTIONS 

A.1 Purpose 

Bomem-GRAMS uses apodization functions to correct the Fourier transform 

process for artifacts that are introduced by the abrupt truncation of 

the interferogram when the instrument reaches the limit of its scan. Apodization, 

or “foot removal” consists of multiplying the interferogram by a function that 

causes its intensity to fall smoothly to zero at its ends. This reduces the feet 

(side lobes) of the interferogram, thus reducing the artifacts. However, it also 

increases the line width (degrades the resolution) of the spectrum. 

Bomem-GRAMS offers a large selection of apodization functions. However, we 

recommend that you use the cosine function as a general-purpose apodization 

function. 

A.2 Functions 

available in 

Bomem-GRAMS 

The following table lists all the apodization functions available in the Bomem- 

GRAMS acquisition interface and gives a brief description of how they affect 

the spectrum. 

FWHH: (Full Width Half Height) is the theoretical width of a monochromatic 

line at half its peak height compared with the apodized resolution 

requested, in percentage. 

SLAM: (Side Lobe Amplitude Maximum) is the theoretical amplitude of 

the largest side lobe compared with the amplitude of the main peak, in 

percentage. 

D: is given by 

Optical _ path _ difference 

maximum_optical_path_difference 

Name and description Function FWH 

H (%) 

Boxcar 

No apodization. Side lobes diminish as 1/x. 

Line shape given by sinc x 

Bartlett (triangular) 

Triangular function; all side lobes positive, 

side lobes damped out as 1/x 2 ; intermediate 

half width. Line shape given by sinc 2 x 

1 60 20 

( 1 − D) 

89 4.5 

SLAM 

(%) 


Appendix A 

Apodization Functions 

Name and description Function FWH 

H (%) 

Cosine 

Small side lobes, although with appreciable 

ripple; intermediate half-width. 

Hamming (Happ-Genzel) 

Small side lobes, although with appreciable 

ripple; intermediate half-width. 

Blackman-Harris 

Extremely small side lobes; large half width. 

Gaussian 

Monotone decreasing function with no ripple 

(minor ripple due to finite length). 

( cosπD) 

SLAM 

(%) 

0 .5 + 0.5 

91 0.71 

( cosπD) 

0 .53856 + 0.46144 

91 0.71 

0 .42323 + 0.49755( cosπD)+ 

0.07922(cos 2π D) 

116 0.04 

e 

2 

-3.91202300543D 

75 0.1 

Norton Beer weak* 2 

0.548 

− 0.08331 ( − D )+ 0.5353(1 

− D 

2 ) 2 72 5.8 

Norton Beer medium* 2 

0.261− 

0.1548381 ( − D )+ 0.894838(1 

− D 

2 ) 2 84 1.4 

Norton Beer strong* 2 2 

0.09 + 0.5875( 1− 

D ) + 

0.3225(1 

− D 

2 ) 4 

97 0.3 

* Functions taken from the article New Apodization Functions for Fourier Spectrometry by Robert H. Norton and 

Reinhard Beer, J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 66, No. 3, March 1976, pp. 259-264. 

These functions are an attempt to provide optimum apodizing functions of algebraic form that provide the smallest 

degradation in resolution for a specified reduction in side lobe intensity. 

Although these three functions provide optimum performance in terms of FWHH/SLAM ratio, they have the drawback of 

exhibiting very slow damping of the side lobe features (large ripple), which is often undesirable. 


m Array Basic programs made 

using Bomem-GRAMS versions 

4.x, will require some 

modification to operate with 

later versions. 

APPENDIX B 

ARRAY B ASIC INTERFACE 

Note: This chapter is intended for people who will be programming using 

the Array Basic language, and assumes familiarity with the Array Basic 

language. 

This version of Bomem-GRAMS requires Windows NT or Windows 2000 and 

includes an acquisition driver based on Thermo Galactic’s “My Instrument” 

technology. This acquisition driver works differently from the Bomem-GRAMS 

versions 4.x drivers that only work under Windows 95/98. m 

Bomem-GRAMS provides extensions to Array Basic language that can be used 

to automate the acquisition of spectra, and allow combining acquisition 

functions with other functions of Bomem-GRAMS. These extensions include: 

• methods which can be called by Array Basic to execute operations 

• properties that Array Basic can read or set and that affect the way 

the acquisition interface operates 

• events that are used by the Array Basic interface to inform Array Basic 

that something has happened 

The methods and properties are accessed through Array Basic OBJXCALL 

commands (see Sections B.1 and B.2). 

B.1 Array Basic 

methods 

The following table lists the Array Basic methods. These are accessed through 

the Array Basic OBJXCALL commands. 

Array Basic methods 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "CONFIG" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "CDEFAULTS" 

OBJXCALL “TaskObj”, 

“WARNINGS_ENABLED”,,value 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "HALT" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "SETUP" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "SDEFAULTS" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "SCAN" 

Description 

Call up hardware configuration dialog 

Reset hardware settings to internal defaults 

Enables or disables the warning messages. 

Parameters: 

0: to disable the warnings 

1: to enable the warnings 

Stop any data acquisition or other operation in progress 

Call up the collect dialog 

Set all collect parameters to internal defaults 

Start a Sample acquisition using current settings (no dialog) 


Appendix B 

Array Basic Interface 


OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "AUTOSCALE" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "COPYCOLLECT" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "BSETUP" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "BSCAN" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "KSETUP" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "KSCAN" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "ALIGN" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "AboutBomemGRAMS" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", 

"STATUS_AND_CONTROL" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "OnHelp" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "START_ALIGN", , 

sigma_min, sigma_max, direction, type, name 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "START_BSCAN", , 

delay, scans, name, memo, use_autogain, 

use_display 

Description 

Auto scale the data display to show data full scale 

Copy the last displayed data to the Windows Clipboard 

Call up the collect dialog; set for background scans 

Run a background scan using the current settings 

Call up the collect dialog; set for kinetics scans 

Run a kinetics scan using the current settings 

Start continuous acquisition to align accessories 

Call up the About Bomem-GRAMS dialog 

Call up the Instrument Status and Control dialog 

Call up the main help of the system 

Start continuous acquisition to align accessories 

Parameters: 

sigma_min: start of display range in cm -1 

sigma_max: end of display range in cm -1 

direction: 0 - only show direction 0 

1 - only show direction 1 

2 - show both directions 

type: 0 - Interferogram 

1 - Raw spectrum 

2 -Transmittance 

3 - Absorbance 

name: The file name of the background. This is used if the type is 

transmittance or absorbance 

Run a background (reference) scan 

Parameters 

delay: delay in seconds before acquisition starts 

scans: number of scans to acquire 

name: file name to save data under, extension is always forced 

to .background.spc 

memo: comment to associate with this file 

use_autogain: true or false field for use of autogain 

use_display: true or false field for use of display during 

acquisition 


Appendix B 



OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "START_SCAN",, 

sigma_min, sigma_max, delay, scans, name, 

memo, type, bname, use_autogain, use_display 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "START_KSCAN",, 

sigma_min, sigma_max, delay, scans, name, 

memo, type, bname, subfiles, sdelay, 

use_autogain, use_display 

Description 

Start a sample scan 

Parameters 





name: file name to save data under, extension is always imposed 

according to the type of spectrum acquired 


type: 0 - Interferogram, extension .interferogram.spc 

1 - Raw spectrum, extension .SingleBeam.spc 

2 - Transmittance, extension .Transmittance.spc 

3 - Absorbance, extension .Absorbance.spc 

bname: The file name of the background. This is used if the 

type is transmittance or absorbance 



acquisition 

Start a sample scan in kinetic mode 

Parameters 





name: file name to save data under, extension is always imposed 

according to the type of spectrum acquired 


type: 0 - Interferogram, extension .interferogram.spc 

1 - Raw spectrum, extension .SingleBeam.spc 

2 - Transmittance, extension .Transmittance.spc 

3 - Absorbance, extension .Absorbance.spc 

bname: the file name of the background. This is used if the 

type is transmittance or absorbance 

subfiles: the number of consecutive measurements to acquire in 

this kinetic run 

sdelay: the delay between subfiles measured from start to start 



acquisition 


Appendix B 




"CONFIG_HARDWARE", , cardid, timeout 


"CONFIG_HARDWARE_ID", , bname, timeout 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "CONFIG_PROGRAM", 

, buffer, warn, format, save_option 


"CONFIG_SATURATION", , max_aplitude, 

sigma_min, sigma_max, threshold 

Sets hardware parameters 

Parameters 

cardid: 

Description 

The zero based index of the instrument to use for 

acquisition. The order may vary depending on the 

available instruments. It is recommended to use the 

"INSTRUMENT_INDEX" and "INSTRUMENT_ID" 

properties to determine the appropriate cardid value to 

use. 

timeout: the longest time in seconds that the driver will wait for a 

response before declaring an error 

Sets hardware parameters 

Parameters 

bname: 

the name (or description or ID) of the instrument to use 

for acquisition (as returned by the "INSTRUMENT_ID" 

property) 

timeout: the longest time in seconds that the driver will wait for a 

response before declaring an error 

Sets program parameters 

Parameters 

buffer: 

warn: 

format: 

this is the size of the FIFO buffer in kilobytes for holding 

spectra in memory. This parameters is normally set 

to 4096 

true of false field for the file overwrite warning. If true, 

the user must confirm file overwrites before they occur 

0 - Float IEEE (recommended) 

1 - New SPC GRAMS format 

save_option: 0 - to save full spectral range, 

1 - to save specified spectral range 

Sets saturation parameters 

Parameters 

max_amplitude: 

maximum allowed interferogram ZPD 

amplitude. This value is used for detecting 

saturation and computing percent of maximum 

in align mode 

sigma_min: start of out of band region in cm -1 for linearity and 

optical saturation test 

sigma_max: end of out if band region in cm -1 for linearity and 

optical saturation test 

threshold: highest allowed value for the ratio of the average band 

intensity with the maximum spectral intensity in 

percentage 


Appendix B 




"CONFIG_SPEC_PARAM", , apod, lwn, trhigh, 

trlow, abhigh, ablow, res, phaseapod, 

phasetype, phasename 

Sets spectroscopic parameters 

Parameters 

apod: 

Description 

apodization function to apply to the interferogram 

0 – Boxcar 

1 – Bartlet 

2 – Cosine (default) 

3 – Hamming 

4 – Blackman 

5 – Gaussian 

6 - Norton B weak 

7 - Norton B medium 

8 - Norton B strong 

lwn: laser wavenumber (default 15799.7) 

trhigh: Transmittance high cut-off, this is the highest value that 

any transmittance can have, any higher values are set to 

this value 

trlow: Transmittance low cut-off, this is the lowest value that 

any transmittance can have, any lower values are set to 

this value 

abhigh: Absorbance high cut-off, this is the highest value that 

any absorbance can have, any higher values are set to 

this value 

ablow: Absorbance low cut-off, this is the lowest value that any 

absorbance can have, any lower values are set to this 

value 

res: Resolution of the phase correction 

0 - 64 cm -1 

1 - 128 cm -1 (default) 

2 - 256 cm -1 

3 - 512 cm -1 

phaseapod: apodization function to apply to the phase 

interferogram 

0 - Boxcar 

1 - Bartlet 

2 - Cosine 

3 - Hamming 

4 - Blackman 

5 - Gaussian (default) 

6 - Norton B weak 

7 - Norton B medium 

8 - Norton B strong 


Appendix B 




"UPDATE_INSTRUMENT_LIST" 

Description 

phasetype: the type of phase correction to perform 

0 - Normal or Self (default) 

3 - Stored phase 

phasename: file name of the stored phase interferogram 

Update the instrument list by querying the available instruments. 

B.2 Array Basic 

Properties 

The following table lists the Array Basic properties. These are accessed through 

the Array Basic OBJXCALL commands. 

Array Basic properties 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","LASTERROR",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","BEGX",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","ENDX",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","XTYPE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","YTYPE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","ZTYPE",eval 

dim str(129) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "MEMO", $str 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "MEMO",,"comment" 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","SDELAY",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","SDELAY",, delay 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","SCANS",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","SCANS",, scans 

Description 

Put the last error code into the variable eval 

0 = successful acquisition 

-1 = user abort 

>0 = Instrument error 

Appendix B 



dim str(129) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "NAMEBG", 

$str : dialogon 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "NAMEBG",, "filename" 

dim str(129) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", 

"NAMELASTCOLLECT", $str 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "NAMELASTCOLLECT",, 

"filename" 

dim str(255) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "VELNAME", 

$str 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","LWN",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","LWN",, lwn 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","PURGE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","PURGE",, delay 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","CHANNEL",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","CHANNEL",, channel 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","RES",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","RES",, res 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","ZFF",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","IRMODE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","APOD",eval 

Description 

Get the Background spectrum filename currently in use 

Set the Background spectrum filename 

Get the last acquired filename 

Set the acquisition filename. Note that the extension is automatically 

adjusted according to the acquire data type. 

Get the scan speed 

Get the laser wave number in use 

Set the laser wave number 

Get the Purge delay before scanning 

Set the Purge delay before scanning 

Get the detector/channel in use 

Set the detector/channel 

Get the resolution in use 

0 - 1 cm -1 

1 - 2 cm -1 

2 - 4 cm -1 

3 - 8 cm -1 

4 - 16 cm -1 

5 - 32 cm -1 

6 - 64 cm -1 

7 - 128 cm -1 

Set the resolution 

Get the Zero Filling Factor used. always zero 

Get Spectral domain. 0 = MID-IR, 1 = NEAR-IR 

Get the Apodization function type 

0 = None (Boxcar) 

1 = Triangular (or Bartlet) 

2 = Weak Norton-Beer 

3 = Medium Norton-Beer 

4 = Strong Norton-Beer 

5 = Happ-Genzel (or Hamming) 

7 = Cosine 

10 = Gaussian 

12 = Blackman 


Appendix B 



OBJXCALL "TaskObj","APOD",,apod 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","PHASE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","PHASE",,phase 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","PHASEPTS",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","IGRAMSIDE",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj","IGRAMDIR",eval 

dim str(255) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "NAMEPHAS", 

$str 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "NAMEPHAS",, filename 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "FIRST_STAGE_GAIN",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "FIRST_STAGE_GAIN",, 

gain 


"SECOND_STAGE_GAIN",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "SECOND_STAGE_GAIN",, 

gain 

Description 

Set the Apodization function type 

0 = None (Boxcar) 

1 = Triangular (or Bartlet) 

2 = Weak Norton-Beer 

3 = Medium Norton-Beer 

4 = Strong Norton-Beer 

5 = Happ-Genzel (or Hamming) 

7 = Cosine 

10 = Gaussian 

12 = Blackman 

Get the Phase correction type 

0 - Self 


Set the Phase correction type 

0 - Self 


Get the Number of interferogram points for phase correction 

Get the Interferogram mode. 0 = double sided (0 scans!), 4 = double 

interferogram 

Get the Interferogram direction. Always 0 (bi-directional) 

Get File name of phase array for Stored Phase 

Set the File name of phase array for Stored Phase 

Get the first stage preamplifier gain in use 

0 - first gain value 

1 - second gain value 

2 - third gain value 

3 - fourth gain value 

Set the first stage gain 

Get the second stage preamplifier gain in use 

0 - gain = 1 

1 - gain = 2 

2 - gain = 4 

3 - gain = 8 

4 - gain = 16 

Set the second stage gain 


Appendix B 




"INSTRUMENT_COUNT",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "INSTRUMENT_INDEX",eval 

OBJXCALL "TaskObj", "INSTRUMENT_INDEX",, 

index 

dim str(255) : OBJXCALL "TaskObj", 

"INSTRUMENT_ID", $str 


"INSTRUMENT_STATE",eval 

Description 

Get the number of available instruments. It is recommended to call 

the "UPDATE_INSTRUMENT_LIST" method prior to reading this 

property. 

Get the current index in the instrument list used to retrieve the 

"INSTRUMENT_ID" and "INSTRUMENT_STATE" properties. Note 

that this index is NOT the currently selected instrument for 

acquisition. 

Set the current index in the instrument list used to retrieve the 

"INSTRUMENT_ID" and "INSTRUMENT_STATE". properties. Note 

that this index is NOT the currently selected instrument for 

acquisition. 

Get the description of the instrument pointed to by the 

"INSTRUMENT_INDEX" in the instrument list. 

Get the connection state of the instrument pointed to by the 

"INSTRUMENT_INDEX" in the instrument list. Returned values are 

as follows: 

0 - FREE - instrument is not connected 

1 - BUSY - instrument is connected 

2 - Not Ethernet - connected via an interface card 

3 - Selected - instrument currently selected for acquisition 

B.3 Error codes 

The following is a list of the possible warning and error codes: 

Error ID Value Description 

ERR_USER_CANCEL -1 User Cancelled during collect 

ERR_NONE 0 No error 

ERR_OTHER 1 Other error 

ERR_TIMEOUT 2 Acquisition time-out 

ERR_INIT_IN_PROGRESS 3 Initialization in progress 

ERR_PARAM_INVALID 4 Input parameter invalid 

ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY 5 Not enough memory 

ERR_AUTO_GAIN_FAILED 6 Auto gain failed 

ERR_BOARD_COUNT_INVALID 120 Bopard count parameter invalid 

ERR_BOARD_NAME_INVALID 121 Board name parameter invalid 

ERR_BOARD_ID_INVALID 122 Board ID parameter invalid 


Appendix B 



ERR_OPEN_ERR 140 Error in acq_open function 

ERR_ALREADY_OPEN 141 Acquisition subsystem already opened 

ERR_ALREADY_OPEN_BY_OTHER 142 Acquisition subsystem already opened by another 

application 

ERR_DEV_NOT_EXIST 143 Acquisition board is not present 

ERR_SND_CMD_ERR 160 Error in acq_send_command function 

ERR_SND_CMD_NOT_SUPPORTED 161 Send command code not supported by the current 

acquisition subsystem 

ERR_SND_CMD_INVALID 162 Send command code invalid 

ERR_CMD_VALUE_INVALID 163 Send command value invalid 

ERR_GET_STATUS_ERR 180 Error in acq_get_status function 

ERR_NO_STATUS 181 Status not available 

ERR_GET_DIAG_STATUS_ERR 200 Error in acq_get_diag_status function 

ERR_NOT_IN_DIAG_MODE 201 Acquisition subsystem is not in diagnostic mode 

ERR_DIAG_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED 202 Diagnostic mode is not supported by the current 

acquisition subsystem 

ERR_START_ERR 220 Error in acq_start function 

ERR_NOT_IN_ACQ_MODE 221 Acquisition subsystem is not in acquisition mode 

ERR_GET_DATA_ERR 240 Error in acq_get_datafunction 

ERR_ACQ_NOT_IN_PROGRESS 241 Acquisition is not in progress 

ERR_STOP_ERR 260 Error in acq_stop function 

ERR_ACQ_NOT_STARTED 261 Acquisition is not started yet 

ERR_CLOSE_ERR 280 Error in acq_close function 

ERR_WN_BEGIN 300 Invalid start wavenumber 

ERR_WN_END 301 Invalid end wavenumber 

ERR_WN_UNIQUE 302 Start and end wavenumber must be unique 

ERR_BG_FILE_NONE 303 Please specify a background file 

ERR_BG_FILE_NOT_LOADED 304 Couldn’t load the background file 

ERR_BG_FILE_NOT_FOUND 305 Background file does not exist 

ERR_BG_FILE_SATURATED 306 Background file is saturated 

ERR_BG_FILE_NBR_PTS 307 Invalid number of points in background file 

ERR_BG_MULTI_FILE 308 Background file cannot be a multi-file 


Appendix B 



ERR_BG_DATA_TYPE 309 Background file must be a single beam data file 

ERR_SCAN_DIR 310 Invalid scan direction 

ERR_DATA_TYPE 311 Invalid data type 

ERR_ACQ_MODE 312 

ERR_START_DELAY 313 

ERR_FILE_NONE 314 

ERR_NBR_SCANS 315 

ERR_NBR_RUNS 316 

ERR_KINETIC_DELAY 317 

ERR_BUFFER_SIZE 318 

ERR_IGRAM_MAX_AMP 319 

ERR_CUTOFF_THRESHOLD 320 

ERR_LASER_WN 321 

ERR_TRANS_HIGH_CUTOFF 322 

ERR_TRANS_LOW_CUTOFF 323 

ERR_TRANS_CUTOFF_LT_UNIQUE 324 Low transmittance cutoff must be lower than high 

transmittance cutoff value 

ERR_ABSORB_HIGH_CUTOFF 325 

ERR_ABSORB_LOW_CUTOFF 326 

ERR_ABSORB_CUTOFF_LT_UNIQUE 327 Low absorbance cutoff must be lower than high 

absorbance cutoff value 

ERR_TIMEOUT_INVALID 328 

ERR_BOARD_INDEX_INVALID 329 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_NONE 330 Please specify a stored phase file 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_NOT_FOUND 331 Stored phase file do not exist 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_NOT_LOADED 332 Couldn't load the stored phase file 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_MULTI_FILE 333 Stored phase file can not be a multi file 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_DATA_TYPE 334 Stored phase file must be an Igram data file 

ERR_PHASE_TYPE_UNSUPPORTED 335 

ERR_DETECTOR_INDEX 336 

ERR_RESOLUTION_INDEX 337 


Appendix B 



ERR_FIRST_GAIN_INDEX 338 

ERR_SECOND_GAIN_INDEX 339 

ERR_FMGR_BUFFER_UNDERRUN 340 Buffer Underrun, missing some data. Increase the buffer 

size 

ERR_FMGR_SAVE_DATA 341 Error occurs when trying to save a new bunch of data to 

disk 

ERR_FMGR_DELETE_FILE 342 

ERR_SATURATION_DET 343 

ERR_SATURATION_IGRAM_AMP 344 

ERR_SATURATION_OPT_CUTOFF 345 

ERR_OPT_BEGIN_OVERSAMPLING 346 

ERR_OPT_END_OVERSAMPLING 347 

ERR_FILE_FORMAT 348 

ERR_SE51_NEARIR_MODE 349 

ERR_APOD 350 

ERR_PHASE_APOD 351 

ERR_INVALID_PATH 352 Invalid disk/directory specified 

ERR_BG_FILE_INTG_FAILED 353 Integrety of background file could not be verified 

ERR_PHASE_FILE_INTG_FAILED 354 Integrety of stored phase file could not be verified 


APPENDIX C 

AUDIT LOG 

The spectrum files are saved 

without a key (i.e. without 

an eSignature). 

During acquisition, the 

integrity of the background 

or stored phase file is 

checked. If an integrity error 

occurs, an error is displayed 

to the user and added to 

the audit log. 

Each spectrum acquired by Bomem-GRAMS includes a block of information 

called the audit log. The audit log contains unalterable information about the file 

including the time the file was collected, the user, the instrument, 

the background or phase file (if applicable), etc., as well as all operations 

performed on the file. 

To view the audit log of a trace, select Trace Information in the File menu of 

Bomem-GRAMS, then click the Audit Log button. The following is an example 

of the audit log of a spectrum file: 

Local Time = 2002/08/29 12:43:09 

UTC Time = 2002/08/29 16:43:09 

Original File Name = C:\Program Files\Galactic\Data\test.SingleBeam.spc 

Logon name = WP 

User name = Warren Peace 

Instrument type = NetworkIR 

Instrument description = Test instrument22 

Resolution = 4 cm-1 

Speed = 66 scans/minute 

Sampling = 1 samples/fringe 

Detector = 1 

Apodisation = Cosine 

Phase correction: 

Apodisation = Gaussian 

Resolution = 128 cm-1 

Type = Normal 

Number of scans = 1 

Number of measurements = 1 

SUBFILE1 

Local Time = 2002/08/29 12:43:11 

UTC Time = 2002/08/29 16:43:11 

Detector saturation = 0 

Bad scans = 0 

First stage gain = 1 

Second stage gain = 2 

Total experiment time = 0:00:27 


APPENDIX D 

GLOSSARY 

Note: The following terms are defined as they are used in ABB manuals. 

absorbance (also called optical density or extinction) 

A measure of the amount of light absorbed as it passes through a sample. 

The absorbance A is the logarithm of the ratio of the intensity I 0 of the light 

striking the sample to the intensity I of the light which passes through 

the sample. 

I 

0 1 

A = log10 = log10 

I T 

The absorbance is equal to the logarithm of the reciprocal of 

the transmittance T. 

absorbance spectrum 

The absorbance of a sample as a function of the frequency or wavelength 

over a given spectral range. 

The absorbance spectrum is calculated point-by-point from the sample and 

reference spectra as follows: 

analyzer 

⎛ 

Absorbance = −log 

10⎜ 

⎝ 

sample 

reference 

A complete system for FT-IR or FT-NIR analysis (see Figure D-1). 

⎞ 

⎟ 

⎠ 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

Analyzer 

Spectrometer 

Source 

Interferometer 

• modulates light from source 

Laser 

• provides precise, stable reference 

for interferometer 

Detector 

• converts modulated light to electrical 

signal after it passes through the sample 

• is in spectrometer or sampling accessory 

Sampling system (if required) 

• brings a sample of the process to the 

sampling accessory 

• may include valves, filters, pumps, etc., 

controlled by the software 

Sampling accessory 

• allows modulated light beam to interact 

with the sample 

• is mounted on spectrometer or linked 

by fiber-optic cable 

Analyzer software 

• performs FFT calculation, analysis of 

spectra, reporting, data archiving, etc. 

• may control the sampling system(s) 

Figure D-1. Analyzer 

background spectrum (see reference spectrum) 

beamsplitter 

A semi-reflecting mirror in the interferometer used to divide the radiation 

from the infrared source into two beams, and to recombine the two beams 

into a single beam. 

Beer-Lambert’s law 

An equation relating the absorption of light by a sample to the absorption 

coefficient of the sample, the path length, and the concentration. 

A λ 

= ε λ 

× b × C 

where 

A λ is the sample’s absorbance value at a specific wavelength (λ) 

ε λ is the absorption coefficient of the material at that wavelength 

(l⋅mol -1 ⋅ cm -1 ). 

b is the path length through the sample (cm) 

C is the concentration of the analyte (mol⋅l -1 ) 

BK7 

A high quality optical glass. 

BK7 is not hygroscopic. Its refractive index is 1.50 at 8000 cm -1 . Its spectral 

range is from 25000 cm -1 to 3700 cm -1 . 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

blank sample 

A sample that does not absorb infrared radiation within the spectral range 

where the measurement is performed. 

calibration 

The process of aligning analyzer measurements to agree with reference 

measurements obtained using a primary method. 

calibration (or model or calibration model) 

The set of equations that represents the relationship between the absorbance 

spectra of a set of samples and the properties of the samples. 

Some common types of models are peak height, peak ratio, PLS and 

autosubtract models. 

calibration set (or training set) 

In spectrometer calibration, a set of standard samples used in calibration 

model development. The calibration set covers the expected ranges of 

property values, as well as any other variations that may affect the spectra, 

such as temperature. When there is more than one property, the calibration 

set must include independent variations of each property. 

channel 

An optical channel on the spectrometer. Each channel is associated with one 

sample accessory and one detector. Some spectrometers have only one 

channel. This is typical of laboratory instruments. 

Some spectrometers have multiple channels. This allows one instrument to 

analyze several streams simultaneously. 

If the sampling system is set up for stream switching, one channel can be 

used to analyze two or more streams. In most cases, however, there is only 

one stream (i.e. one sampling point) per channel. 

channel spectrum 

A spectral artifact caused by reflections in the gap between two optical 

surfaces, for example, between parallel window surfaces or at the coupling 

point between optical fiber ends. Also called Fabry-Perot interference. 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

To avoid channel spectrum in transmission cells with a small optical 

pathlength, a wedge in the sample path is used to prevent parallelism of the 

two windows. 

coadded spectrum 

The spectrum resulting from averaging, on a point-by-point basis, a number 

of spectra or interferograms. Coaddition is used to increase the signal-tonoise 

ratio of a spectrum. 

desiccant 

A substance used as a drying agent. 

detector 

A device in a spectrometer that produces an electrical signal that is 

proportional to the intensity of the light striking it. 

detector cut-off 

The frequency or wavelength at lower end of the spectral range. 

detector saturation 

A condition of the detector whereby an increase in the light intensity 

striking it no longer produces a linearly proportional change in the output 

signal. This is a nonlinear condition and can cause Fourier stray light. 

D-star (D*) 

A value used to designate the specific detectivity. This is a performance 

measure independent of detector size. The higher is the D* value, the better 

is the detector. 

1 

2 

D* 

= (A × ∆f ) D 

where A is the sensitive area 

∆f is the bandwidth frequencies 

D is the reciprocal of noise equivalent power (NEP) 

factor 

In analysis using the PLS algorithm, one of a series of synthetic spectra 

which represent the most common variations in a given set of spectra 

(also known as latent vectors, characteristic vectors, spectral loadings, 

loading vectors, principal components, or variation spectra.). 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) 

A mathematical algorithm for efficient calculation of the Fourier transform. 

Fourier transform 

A mathematical function that transforms the time-dependent information 

contained in the interferogram into the corresponding optical spectrum. 

F-ratio 

An indicator of spectral residual after modeling that can help detect whether 

an abnormal condition has occurred during analysis. The F-ratio should 

normally be low (typically less than 10, depending on the application). An 

F-ratio higher than average may indicate that the wrong material is being 

analyzed or that there is a problem with the system. 

FT-IR 

Fourier transform infrared. 

FT-MIR 

Fourier transform mid-infrared. 

FT-NIR 

Fourier transform near-infrared. 

grab sample 

A sample extracted from the process at the precise time that a spectrum is 

recorded. Laboratory analysis of the grab sample using a primary method is 

used to validate or improve the analyzer calibration. 

hygroscopic 

Able to absorb moisture from the atmosphere. 

hygroscopic optical component 

An optical component made of hygroscopic material. Such optical 

components can be damaged if exposed to humidity because they can 

absorb moisture from the atmosphere. 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

infrared 

A region of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and radio 

waves where the wavelengths are longer than those of red light. 

initial (or first) reference (or zero) 

The first reference spectrum collected when the system was commissioned. 

This is used as a base to monitor changes in the analyzer response over time. 

Installation Qualification (IQ) 

A procedure used to ensure that an instrument has been correctly installed. 

interferogram 

A representation of the electrical signal from the detector of a FT-IR 

spectrometer. The interferogram is a graph of the voltage at the output of 

the detector as a function of the position of interferometer scan mechanism. 

The spectrum is calculated from the interferogram using a Fourier transform. 

interferometer 

The device in an FT-IR spectrometer that modulates the infrared beam 

coming from the source. 

The interferometer splits the infrared beam into two beams, introduces 

a continuously varying optical path difference (OPD) between the two 

beams, and recombines the beams. When the beams are recombined, 

interference caused by the OPD modulates the beam. 

least-squares regression 

A regression procedure used to establish a parameter value derived from 

multiple absorbance values such that the sum of the squares of 

the differences between the model absorbances and the actual absorbances 

is minimized. 

a variety of media (e.g. wire pair, fiber, radio, etc.). MODBUS TCP/IP uses 

TCP/IP and Ethernet to carry the MODBUS messages. 

model (see calibration model) 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

nonlinearity 

A deviation from the normally linear relation between the output and 

the input of a device. Nonlinearity occurs when the output of a device does 

not vary in direct proportion to the input, for example, when saturation 

occurs. 

open beam 

A condition in which there is no sample in the sample accessory. 

open-beam spectrum 

A spectrum acquired in the open-beam condition. 

Operation Qualification (OQ) 

A test procedure used to ensure that an instrument is operating within 

specifications. 

optical density (see absorbance) 

outlier (or outlier sample) 

A sample in a set of samples for which a predicted property value or 

spectral structure lies significantly outside the main cluster of 

the corresponding property values or structures for that set. 

Outliers can be caused by several different factors including unexpected 

variations in the property value, inconsistent sample handling, or changes in 

the performance of the instrument. 

path length 

The distance that light travels through the sample during analysis. 

predict 

In spectroscopy, to obtain the value for a specific property of a sample from 

its spectrum by using one or more calibration models. 

prediction 

In spectroscopy, the value obtained from predicting a property. 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

preprocessing 

Mathematical treatment applied to a spectrum before the calibration model 

is applied to it. There are a number of standard preprocessing algorithms 

commonly used in spectroscopy. 

primary method 

The accepted standard laboratory technique for measuring the properties of 

samples. When developing a calibration model, the “known” property 

values of the training set samples are determined by measurement using 

the primary method. 

property 

A single, measurable characteristic of a sample, whether it be a physical 

property such as temperature or a chemical property such as concentration. 

raw spectrum 

1. A spectrum that has not undergone any mathematical alterations. 

2. A single-beam spectrum. 

reference spectrum (also called background spectrum or zero spectrum) 

A single-beam spectrum that only contains information about the analyzer, 

including the sample accessory and the air present in any part of 

the modulated beam optical path. This is required in order to obtain 

a transmittance or absorbance spectrum of the sample. 

A reference spectrum is obtained by removing the sample from the sample 

accessory or by filling the sample accessory with a blank sample and 

acquiring a spectrum. 

repeatability 

The precision of repeated measurements on the same instrument. 

reproducibility 

The precision of repeated measurements on different instruments. 

resolution 

The smallest frequency interval that can be distinguished over a spectral 

range. The lower the resolution setting on the spectrometer, the more data 

points there are in the spectrum. 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

Lowering the resolution setting on the spectrometer yields spectra with 

a “higher” resolution, since there are more data points covering the same 

spectral range. 

sample accessory 

A device that permits interaction of the modulated light beam from 

the spectrometer with the sample, for the purpose of obtaining 

a transmittance, absorbance, or reflectance spectrum of the sample. 

Flow-through sample cells and immersion probes are commonly used 

sample accessories. 

sampling point 

A sampling point is a point in a process stream where the material in the 

process (the sample) is analyzed (see Channel). 

sampling system 

A system used to direct a sample from a process stream to the sample 

accessory. The sampling system may include software-controlled valves, 

pumps, and other devices. 

saturation (see detector saturation) 

scan 

With the ABBBomem FT-IR spectrometers, a forward and a reverse sweep 

of the interferometer scan mechanism. 

A single scan results in two interferograms, one for the forward sweep and 

one for the reverse sweep (see Coadded spectrum). 

sequence 

In Enablir, a sequence defines the order in which streams are analyzed. 

Although a number of different sequences can be defined, only one 

sequence can run at a time. 

single-beam spectrum 

The spectrum that results from performing a Fourier transform on 

the interferogram obtained from a spectrometer. 

The single-beam spectrum contains information not only about any sample 

present in the sample compartment or sample accessory, but also about the 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

instrument (the source, all the optical components, the ambient air, as well 

as any contamination there may be in the optical path). 

spectral range 

The range of frequencies (or wavelengths) over which the amplitude of 

a spectrum is above the acceptable noise level. It is application dependent. 

spectrometer 

An instrument for producing a spectrum and measuring the wavelengths, 

energies, etc. involved. 

An FT-IR spectrometer has a photoelectric detector and produces 

a spectrum that shows how the transmittance, absorbance, or reflectance of 

the sample varies with wavelength. Such instruments are also called 

spectrophotometers. 

spectrum 

1. A range of electromagnetic energies arrayed in order of increasing or 

decreasing wavelength. 

2. A distribution of transmission or absorbance levels over a range of 

wavelengths, arrayed in order of increasing or decreasing wavelength. 

stray light 

1. Apparent optical energy, caused by nonlinearity, in a spectral region where 

no energy is expected (Fourier stray light). 

2. Modulated light reaching the detector without having passed through the 

sample. 

stream 

A current or flow of material in a process. A stream is analyzed using a 

sample accessory, typically a flow-through sample cell, connected to the 

analyzer. One sample cell is used for each analyzed stream unless the 

sampling system is set up for stream switching. 

training set (see calibration set) 

transmittance 

A measure of the amount of light that passes through the sample, often 

expressed as a percentage. 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

The transmittance T is the ratio of the intensity I of the light which passes 

through the sample to the intensity I 0 of the light striking the sample. 

transmittance spectrum 

I 

T = % T = 100T 

I 

0 

The percent transmittance of a sample as a function of the frequency or 

wavelength over a given spectral range. 

The transmittance spectrum is calculated point-by-point from the sample 

and reference spectra as follows: 

sample 

%Transmitt ance = ×100 

reference 

validation 

Tests used to establish that an analyzer is operating correctly (instrument 

validation) and is providing results within the expected degree of agreement 

(calibration validation). Validation can include diagnostics on the reference 

and sample spectra and predictions with known samples. 

validation set 

In spectrometer calibration, a set of standard samples similar to a training 

set but used to validate a calibration model. 

wavelength 

The distance (λ) between successive points of equal phase in a wave. 

In FT-IR spectrometry, wavelength is usually expressed in micrometers 

(µm) or nanometers (nm). 

wavenumber 

The number (σ) of cycles of a wave in unit length. The wavenumber is 

the reciprocal of the wavelength: 

σ = 1 λ 

The unit of the wavenumber is 1 

cm or cm-1 . 


Appendix D 

Glossary 

zero spectrum (see reference spectrum) 

ZPD (Zero Path Difference) 

The point where the scan mechanism of a Michelson interferometer is 

positioned so that the two beams from the beamsplitter travel exactly 

the same distance before being recombined. 


A 

Align...........................................................................3, 21 

C 

Collect.........................................................................5, 23 

H 

Halt Collect.....................................................................28 

INDEX OF DIALOG BOXES 

I 

Instrument Status and Control .................................... 2, 26 

P 

Parameter Setup................................................................ 2 

Hardware tab ............................................................. 16 

Program tab ............................................................... 18 

Saturation tab............................................................. 20 

Spectroscopic Parameters tab .................................... 17 


INDEX 

A 

absorbance spectrum.......................................................22 

maximum value..........................................................18 

minimum value ..........................................................18 

acquisition card 

selection .....................................................................16 

SEQ3600G (or SEQ36)..............................................16 

SEQ5100G (or SEQ51)..............................................16 

acquisition speed.............................................................27 

Align command ....................................................2, 21, 22 

Align dialog box .........................................................3, 21 

Align display...................................................................22 

apodization functions 

available in GRAMS..................................................31 

selection .....................................................................18 

Array Basic 

extensions ..................................................................33 

language................................................................ix, 33 

methods......................................................................33 

OBJXCALL commands.......................................33, 38 

properties ...................................................................38 

auto gain .........................................................................24 

B 

background 

current background file........................................22, 25 

Bartlett (triangular) apodization function........................31 

Blackman-Harris apodization function ...........................32 

Bomem-GRAMS AI 

description....................................................................9 

starting .........................................................................1 

Boxcar apodization function......................... 31, 37, 39, 40 

buffer size .......................................................................19 

C 

Collect command....................................................5, 6, 23 

Collect dialog box.......................................................5, 23 

Collect menu .................................................................. 15 

computer controlled........................................................ 17 

computer-selectable gains .............................................. 17 

Cosine apodization function..................................... 31, 32 

D 

data acquisition 

background (reference) spectra.................................. 24 

coadded spectrum ...................................................... 25 

Halt Collect command............................................... 25 

multifiles.................................................................... 24 

normal spectra ........................................................... 24 

spectrum of each individual scan............................... 25 

data type 

Absorb (absorbance spectrum) ............................ 22, 25 

Background (current background file name) ....... 22, 25 

displayed.............................................................. 21, 25 

IGram (raw interferogram) .................................. 21, 25 

Single-Beam (single-beam spectrum).................. 21, 25 

detector........................................................................... 17 

cutoff ........................................................................... 3 

saturation ................................................................. 3, 4 

selection..................................................................... 27 

F 

file 

name .......................................................................... 24 

optional description ................................................... 25 

file format....................................................................... 19 

IEEE floating-point ................................................... 19 

SPC GRAMS............................................................. 19 

G 

gain 

computer selectable ................................................... 17 

setting .................................................................. 20, 24 

Gaussian apodization function........................................ 32 


general parameters 

initial delay................................................................ 24 

number of scans......................................................... 24 

GRAMS AI 

manuals ............................................................ ix, 1, 15 

GRAMS/32 AI 

starting....................................................................... 14 

GRAMS/32 AI manuals................................................. 14 

H 

Halt Collect command.......................................3, 4, 22, 28 

Halt Collect dialog box .................................................. 28 

Help command ............................................................... 29 

I 

instrument (type) .......................................................16, 27 

Instrument Status and Control command ..............2, 24, 26 

Instrument Status and Control dialog box ...................2, 26 

interferogram 

maximum amplitude allowed .................................... 20 

K 

Kinetic parameters 

Minimum time interval between Sub-Files ............... 25 

Number of Sub-Files ................................................. 25 

L 

laser frequency ............................................................... 18 

M 

Maximum interferogram amplitude allowed.................. 20 

memo (optional file description) .................................... 25 

Michelson Collect Driver................................................. 9 

installing.................................................................... 14 

multifiles ........................................................................ 24 

My Instrument.............................................................9, 33 

N 

Norton Beer apodization function...................................32 

O 

open beam condition.........................................................1 

Optical Cut-Off Detection...............................................20 

over sampling..................................................................27 

overwrite warning...........................................................19 

P 

Parameter Setup dialog box ..............................................2 

Hardware tab..............................................................16 

Program tab................................................................18 

Saturation tab .............................................................20 

Spectroscopic Parameters tab.....................................17 

phase correction........................................................18, 24 

polystyrene sample .......................................................6, 7 

preamplifier 

computer-selectable gains ..........................................17 

R 

resolution ....................................................................2, 27 

S 

saturation 

automatic detection of................................................20 

detection threshold.....................................................21 

Save option .....................................................................19 

scan 

definition....................................................................24 

direction .....................................................................21 

SEQ36 interface board....................................................14 

SEQ3600G (or SEQ36) interface board..........................16 

SEQ5100G (or SEQ51) interface board..........................16 

Setup command ..........................................................1, 15 

spectral range 

acquiring a sample spectrum................................21, 24 

checking the signal...............................................21, 24 

displayed ..............................................................21, 24 


spectrum log file .............................................................21 

sweeps 

forward.......................................................................24 

reverse........................................................................24 

T 

threshold 

maximum value..........................................................21 

timeout............................................................................17 

Trace Information command .................................... 25, 45 

transmittance spectrum............................................... 1, 22 

maximum value ......................................................... 18 

minimum value.......................................................... 18 

MIR ............................................................................. 7 

NIR.............................................................................. 7 

Z 

ZPD amplitude ......................................................... 21, 23 


Analytical and Advanced Solutions 

585 Charest Blvd East, Suite 300 

Québec, QC G1K 9H4 

CANADA 

Phone: 418- 877 2944 

North America: 800-858–3847 

France: 0810 020 000 

Fax.: 418- 877-2834 

E-mail: ftir@ca.abb.com 

www.abb.com/analytical 

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