WORKSHOP MANUAL - lombardini service

Maintenance - Recommended oil type - Refilling
3
LUBRICANT
SAE Classification
In the SAE classification, oils differ on the basis of their
viscosity, and no other qualitative characteristic is taken
into account.
The first number refers to the viscosity when the engine is
cold (symbol W = winter), while the second considers
viscosity with the engine at régime.
The criteria for choosing must consider, during winter, the
lowest outside temperature to which the engine will be
subject and the highest functioning temperature during
summer.
Single-degree oils are normally used when the running
temperature varies scarcely.
Multi-degree oil is less sensitive to temperature
changes.
-
40
-
35
-
30
- - - - -
25 20 15 10 5 0
SAE 10W*
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+
5
SAE 20W*
+
10
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SAE 30*
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SAE 40*
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1234567890123456
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SAE 10W-30**
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SAE 10W-40**
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SAE 10W-60**
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SAE 15W-40 **
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SAE 15W-40 **
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SAE 20W-60 **
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SAE 5W-30 ***
SAE 0W-30 ***
+
15
SAE 5W-40 ***
+
20
+
25
+
30
+
35
+
40
+
45
+
50
SAE- Grade
* Mineral base
** Semi-synthetic base
*** Synthetic base
International specifications
They define testing performances and procedures that the lubricants need to successfully respond to in several engine testing
and laboratory analysis so as to be considered qualified and in conformity to the regulations set for each lubrication kind.
A.P.I : ( American Petroleum Institute )
MIL : Engine oil U.S. military specifications released for logistic reasons
ACEA : European Automobile Manufacturers Association
Tables shown on this page are of useful reference when buying a kind of oil.
Codes are usually printed-out on the oil container and the understanding of their meaning is useful for comparing different brands
and choosing the kind with the right characteristics.
Usually a specification showing a following letter or number is preferable to one with a preceding letter or number.
An SF oil, for instance, is more performing than a SE oil but less performing than a SG one.
ACEA Regualtions - ACEA Sequences
LIGHT DUTY DIESEL ENGINES
B1 =Low-viscosity, for frictions reduction
B2 =Standard
B3 =High performances (indirect injection)
B4 =High quality (direct injection)
HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINES
E1 =OBSOLETE
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E2 =Standard
E3 =Heavy conditions (Euro 1 - Euro 2 engines )
E4 =Heavy conditions (Euro 1 - Euro 2 - Euro 3 engines )
E5 =High performances in heavy conditions (Euro 1 - Euro 2 -
Euro 3 engines )
API / MIL Sequences
DIESEL
PETROL
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API CH-4 CG-4 CF-4 CF-2 CF CE CD CC SC SD SE SF SG SH SJ SL
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MIL
L- 46152 D / E
CURRENT
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OBSOLETE
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FOCS Workshop Manual_cod. 1.5302.858_1° ed_ rev. 00
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