CORDIO Status Report 1999.pdf

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BLEACHING EVENT SST anomaly data indicate that Socotra was affected by increasing temperatures from 12/5/98 to 30/5/98. A 0.5°C rise off Somalia 14/4/98 reached the western tip of Socotra 17/4/98, and surrounded Socotra by 28/4/98. Warmer waters (1°C rise) developed off the South Yemen coast around 2/5/98 and a large warm water mass (+ 1–2°C) developed off the north coast of Socotra from 12/5/98. This mass enveloped Socotra and the south coast of Yemen and Oman by 19/5/98. From 23/5/ 98 to 26/5/98, it spread from the bottom of the Red Sea to the Gulf, bordering the north coast of Socotra. Cooling began 30/5/98, to less than 1°C, and no anomaly occured after 9/6/98. EFFECTS ON CORAL REEFS Corals were reported to be alive in March 1996 (Kemp, M.E.P.). Bleaching was first observed in mid to late May 1998 by De Vantier. Post-bleaching, dead coral was observed in November 1998 (Turner, Klaus, Simoes & De Vantier). By March/April 1999, coral, especially branching Acropora washed up on beaches as high berms after storms (Simoes). In April 1999, unbleached live coral was found around the Brothers (Abd el Kuri) (Krupp, 1999), and in deeper water off the north coast of Socotra (> 10 m) (Zajonz, 1999). In November 1998, Turner, Klaus, Simoes and De Vantier found that 99% of the tabular, branching and massive corals surrounding Socotra were dead. Small faviids, at > 7 m depth, were mostly unaffected. Many soft corals, especially Sinularia, were bleached but alive. The coral structure was still standing in most places, and was still used as habitat by fish, though covered in filamentous algae. Areas of mobile coral rubble were developing. Of the Brothers, only Darsha and Semha were surveyed. Surprisingly, they were barely affected by bleaching. In March to April 1999, another survey was carried out by Simoes, Krupp and Zajonz. They found that storms had caused breakage of branched corals, which were then swept up onto the beaches. SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS In November 1998, it was suggested that storms during the monsoon would probably cause break-up of the coral structure. This had happened by March 1999. Fisheries will be severely effected – the lobster fishery may decline, and the fishermen may need to turn to deep-sea fishing. A decline in fisheries could cause poor protein diet and even greater poverty. No further erosion effects are expected, due to the already severe exposure. – 63 –
ARTICLES ON THE SCOPE OF <strong>CORDIO</strong> – 64 –
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CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
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Foreword Corals as organisms and co
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Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Rationale Coral reefs throughout th
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STATUS REPORTS FROM DIFFERENT REGIO
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The South Asia region of the Indian
Page 14 and 15: man and Nicobar islands. Mainland I
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. (Cont.) Country Locations/
Page 18 and 19: International Year of the Coral Ree
Page 20 and 21: 72ºE Makunudu North Malosmadulu So
Page 22 and 23: has been a consequent lack of train
Page 24 and 25: Stoddart, D.R (1971). Environment a
Page 26 and 27: Table 1. Diversity of scleractinian
Page 28 and 29: 5ºS 71ºE 72ºE 73ºE Indian Ocean
Page 30 and 31: much higher in lagoons than on seaw
Page 32 and 33: Various corals in Chagos, 1999. A:
Page 34 and 35: THE BLEACHING EVENT The 1997-98 El-
Page 36 and 37: MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELEVANT TO
Page 38 and 39: (17°20’S) and Bazaruto Island (2
Page 40 and 41: Locality Reef Description Results B
Page 42 and 43: Institute and from 24-30 March by D
Page 44 and 45: Tanga TANZANIA 39ºE 40ºE Bawe and
Page 46 and 47: Zanzibar noticed the rise in water
Page 48 and 49: Influence of coral bleaching on the
Page 50 and 51: Dead table-forming Acropora spp. af
Page 52 and 53: Horrill, J.C. & Ngoile, M.A.K. 1991
Page 54 and 55: The fringing reefs of Reunion are a
Page 56 and 57: platforms (21 km 2 ). As human acti
Page 58 and 59: Bleached and partly bleached Acropo
Page 60 and 61: Status report Mauritius DR JOHN R T
Page 62 and 63: OTHER RELEVANT WORK IN THE REGION T
Page 66 and 67: Remote sensing as a tool for assess
Page 68 and 69: parameters and apply correction and
Page 70 and 71: Coral bleaching effects on reef fis
Page 72 and 73: Chabanet et al., 1997; Öhman & Raj
Page 74 and 75: the status of the reef fish communi
Page 76 and 77: Letourneur, Y., Harmelin-Vivien, M.
Page 78 and 79: grow, but damage and loss of transp
Page 80 and 81: corals: a manual for coral reef use
Page 82 and 83: dependence on fisheries for income
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Berg, H., Öhman, M.C.,
Page 86 and 87: is an enigma. Everyone is in favour
Page 88 and 89: solar cells is estimated to decreas
Page 90 and 91: LIST OF CORDIO PROJECTS 1999 - 89 -
Page 92 and 93: lagoons will be studied to determin
Page 94 and 95: South Asia Region Regional co-ordin
Page 96 and 97: Central Indian Ocean islands Region
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX - 97 -
Page 100 and 101: 08.30 a.m.-09.00 a.m. Coral transpl
Page 102 and 103: MAIZAN HASSAN MANIKU Director Gener
Page 104: DR MOHIDEEN WAFAR Scientist Nationa
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