CORDIO Status Report 1999.pdf

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Locality Reef Description Results Bazaruto Island 8. Inner Two-Mile Reef Partially sheltered mixed coral community, 1–3.5 m deep, on the landward side of a fringing rock reef between Ilhas Benguerra and Bazaruto. A COTS outbreak commenced on this reef in 1995, 80% of which has been destroyed. The post-COTS deterioration of the reef has continued with reef collapse and erosion; largely rubble was found. Evidence of coral recruitment was only found at the inner periphery of the reef. Fish community poor. 9. Coral Garden A coral garden protected within two northern projections of Two-mile Reef. Depth, surface to 8 m. Coral community rich and diverse, dominated largely by staghorn and tabular Acropora spp. Little evidence of current and past bleaching; some mortality from COTS, boat and diver damage. Fish community diverse and abundant. 10. Lighthouse Reef Partially sheltered mixed coral community, 1–3.5 m deep, on the landward side of a fringing rock reef north of Bazaruto lighthouse. Coral cover and community structure variable according to degree of exposure and sedimentation on the reef. This ranged from monospecific outcrops of large staghorn corals to a sparse cover of sediment tolerant faviids and soft corals. Little present or past bleaching. Fish community rich and abundant. Inhambane 11. Mike’s Cupboard Fossilized dune rock of substantial profile, at 16 m depth, with gullies and potholes. Coral cover low due to swell-generated turbulence, turbidity and sedimentation; mainly sediment tolerant soft corals and faviids with Pocillopora and Stylophora. No evidence of COTS or bleaching. Good fish community, but few coral fish. 12. Coral Garden A wave-cut beach rock platform exposed to surge and surf at 1–5 m. Dominated by tabular staghorn and soft corals. Some El Niño and current bleaching. Poor fish community. Previously high coral cover, ~80%, and species diversity; the reef has suffered 80% mortality. Coral cover high, ~80–90% in parts of the reef. Mortality ~20% in parts due to the causes listed. Coral cover 5–90% depending on position on the reef. El Niño bleaching in tidal gullies 10–20%. Current bleaching ~1%. Coral cover 2–10%. Coral cover 5–60%; El Niño bleaching ~ 5–15%; current bleaching
Locality Reef Description Results 13. Anchor Bay Small, low profile reef in the sea, at 9 m depth. Evidence of a previously rich coral community decimated by COTS. COTS and recent feeding scars were observed and a local report of the destruction of the reef over the last three years confirmed our finding. Pocillopora and a few Acropora clathrata are the main survivors. Little evidence of recent coral recruitment. Fish community surprisingly good; mainly snappers and herbivores. 14. Cabo das Coral garden at 1–5 m on the landward side Correntes (Paindane) of a largely submerged rocky reef exposed to strong currents and surf. Coral community dominated by a diverse and extensive cover of soft corals. Scant evidence of bleaching. Fish community good in the deeper water, largely snappers and goatfish with very few chaetodons. Inhaca Island 15. Pta Torres Channel Shallow reef of Porites bommies, faviids and a few Acropora spp. fringing a sand-bank channel. The reef top is exposed at low tide and the reef extends to a depth of 2 m. It is clearly subject to a tidal race, turbidity and eutrophication. Fish were sparse, mainly herbivores, half-beaks and sand-dwelling species. 16. Pta Torres A reef consisting of an emerging dune rock wall dropping to a depth of 6 m. Sparsely inhabited by corals tolerant of a tidal race, turbidity and sedimentation. Stylophora pistillata, faviids and Pocillopora verrucosa were most abundant, in that order. Recent bleaching has caused near total mortality; quantitative assessment was difficult due to turbidity. Fish were sparse. 17. Barreira Vermelha Mixed Acropora community, 2–5 m deep, on flat bottom with a few small Porites bommies. Sheltered location inshore of Inhaca Island. Poor visibility (0.5 m) limited the quantitative assessment, but extensive beds of Palythoa, evidence of El Niño bleaching and current bleaching indicated that this was an affected reef. No fish were seen. Coral cover ~2–5%. Coral cover 0–90%; mean ~60%; almost exclusively soft corals. Three colonies of digitate Acropora were bleached and encrusted with coralline algae. Little evidence of bleaching in 1998 but ~40% of the corals were undergoing recent bleaching. A further 40% of the bommie tops were dead from (natural) tidal exposure. Coral cover 2–5%. Mortality from recent bleaching ~90%. The only unaffected genera were Pocillopora, Goniopora, Goniastrea, Astreopora, Pavona and Leptoseris. No assessments were possible. – 40 –
Page 2 and 3: CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
Page 4 and 5: Foreword Corals as organisms and co
Page 6 and 7: Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 8 and 9: Rationale Coral reefs throughout th
Page 10 and 11: STATUS REPORTS FROM DIFFERENT REGIO
Page 12 and 13: The South Asia region of the Indian
Page 14 and 15: man and Nicobar islands. Mainland I
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. (Cont.) Country Locations/
Page 18 and 19: International Year of the Coral Ree
Page 20 and 21: 72ºE Makunudu North Malosmadulu So
Page 22 and 23: has been a consequent lack of train
Page 24 and 25: Stoddart, D.R (1971). Environment a
Page 26 and 27: Table 1. Diversity of scleractinian
Page 28 and 29: 5ºS 71ºE 72ºE 73ºE Indian Ocean
Page 30 and 31: much higher in lagoons than on seaw
Page 32 and 33: Various corals in Chagos, 1999. A:
Page 34 and 35: THE BLEACHING EVENT The 1997-98 El-
Page 36 and 37: MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELEVANT TO
Page 38 and 39: (17°20’S) and Bazaruto Island (2
Page 42 and 43: Institute and from 24-30 March by D
Page 44 and 45: Tanga TANZANIA 39ºE 40ºE Bawe and
Page 46 and 47: Zanzibar noticed the rise in water
Page 48 and 49: Influence of coral bleaching on the
Page 50 and 51: Dead table-forming Acropora spp. af
Page 52 and 53: Horrill, J.C. & Ngoile, M.A.K. 1991
Page 54 and 55: The fringing reefs of Reunion are a
Page 56 and 57: platforms (21 km 2 ). As human acti
Page 58 and 59: Bleached and partly bleached Acropo
Page 60 and 61: Status report Mauritius DR JOHN R T
Page 62 and 63: OTHER RELEVANT WORK IN THE REGION T
Page 64 and 65: BLEACHING EVENT SST anomaly data in
Page 66 and 67: Remote sensing as a tool for assess
Page 68 and 69: parameters and apply correction and
Page 70 and 71: Coral bleaching effects on reef fis
Page 72 and 73: Chabanet et al., 1997; Öhman & Raj
Page 74 and 75: the status of the reef fish communi
Page 76 and 77: Letourneur, Y., Harmelin-Vivien, M.
Page 78 and 79: grow, but damage and loss of transp
Page 80 and 81: corals: a manual for coral reef use
Page 82 and 83: dependence on fisheries for income
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Berg, H., Öhman, M.C.,
Page 86 and 87: is an enigma. Everyone is in favour
Page 88 and 89: solar cells is estimated to decreas
Page 90 and 91:
LIST OF CORDIO PROJECTS 1999 - 89 -
Page 92 and 93:
lagoons will be studied to determin
Page 94 and 95:
South Asia Region Regional co-ordin
Page 96 and 97:
Central Indian Ocean islands Region
Page 98 and 99:
APPENDIX - 97 -
Page 100 and 101:
08.30 a.m.-09.00 a.m. Coral transpl
Page 102 and 103:
MAIZAN HASSAN MANIKU Director Gener
Page 104:
DR MOHIDEEN WAFAR Scientist Nationa
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