CORDIO Status Report 2008.pdf

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8()K$%*L!"#$!%&!'()!*+#,+-.(#/)!0))&!#0)#1!! 2(%3+,4!'()!/#,5+,4!2+')26! to April), the small traditional vessels mainly operate within the inshore coral reef areas and inside the estuaries and creeks whereas the few motorized canoes fish in the open sea. The rainy season with storms extends from May to October (Southeast monsoon- SEM). These rough sea conditions restrict fishing operations of canoe fishermen from the open sea resulting in a high fishing effort at the shallow coral reef waters during the period. The increasing fishing pressure on near shore waters has resulted in overexploitation and extensive degradation of coral reef ecosystems as in the case of Diani-Chale which remains among the heavily exploited reefs (McClanahan 1995, McClanahan et al., 1997, Obura et 2002), while off shore resources remain largely untapped. The Diani-Chale, arstisanal fishery has experienced a decline in diversity and abundance and there are indications that some species are overexploited well beyond maximum sustainable yield - MSY (McClanahan, 1992) and require prompt management measures. Intense fishing, including of trigger fish (Balistidae) has resulted in an increase of sea urchin populations increasing competition with herbivorous fish (McClanahan and Shaffir 1990; McClanahan and Muthiga 1998). During the 1995-1999 period an overall decline in catches was reported (McClanahan and Mangi 2001) but since then catch rates and abundance of predominant fish groups appear to have been stable, with minor variation among gear types (Obura 2001, Kanyange and Obura, 2003). The artisanal fishery of Diani-Chale is multispecies and multi-gear, employing traditional dugout canoes propelled by either poles or sails. The gears used include basket traps, handlines, spear guns, gill nets and cast nets among others. Even with the existing fisheries management measures, there has been unregulated gear use although elders and fisher folks have in the past played a big role in eliminating use of destructive gears such as beach seines from some fish landing sites (McClanahan and Mangi 2001). The gears target different species and fishers have preference for certain fish and fishing sites with mostvisited sites having the highest catch rates. Fishermen work individually or in pairs and at times in small groups and fishing is characterized by low catches hence poor incomes and living conditions. To manage fisheries, information about fishers, catch and effort, fish stocks, fish processing and trade is vital. Such information forms the basis for policy choices, management plans and evaluations, and has to be sufficient, of good quality and up-to-date. The magnitude, spatial and temporal distribution of fishery resources (catch records and catch per unit effort) is required to give indications of effort, biomass and potential yield to enable evaluation of long-term cyclic variations. It has become increasingly important to actively 310
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! ! ! COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND D
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COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP
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' (")*$)*+' Foreword PART 1 - Regio
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The Lallie Didham Coral and Shell C
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! ! "#$%&#!'()(*+!$,-./(!0112! ! 3)
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,$)'-$.#+'/0*$#'12$.345)6'7'8"95)6'
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=">*4'/+5.'7'=>.#@' ' JERKER TAMELA
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emains patchy (Arthur 2008). Althou
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egions facing multiple stresses tha
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eports were identified as a crucial
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Climate Change Fourth Assessment Re
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Tamelander, J. and Hoon, V. (2008).
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)&..)'=$.'7'=>.#@' ' HANSA CHANSANG
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(Narumon 2008.) has compiled socioe
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(C:(HD=BC:'/:
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F.+*'/0#53.'.)&'B+2.)&+'7'=>.#@' '
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egions. Initially stopped in 1996 t
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!"#"$%&'(&)'*#+&,--(%&./&"0-&!$*./&
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8#F+-& HG& C*-/$;!($-$%(!6-$*@2,)*(
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coral cover over time (Fig. 3). Two
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Lee F. and Chou L. M. (1998). The A
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!9=&!:9!&70
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+1@75356=/1039=A
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*1E
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than 2m had been killed in Dutch Ba
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event and 2004 tsunami. In: Souter,
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!"#$%&'()*(+,,*(+,-$&,.(+,')/0%,( 1
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defence against waves provided by t
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=$L-,( H6!C+$*!($%0+3;&3-.%6!D$.$+*
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=$L-,(PI!*+3.$!%;$03$%!3($.&313$(!3
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H 2 S concentration in husk pit wat
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district alone, 90% of them being w
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of reefs remain healthy to support
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patterns of coral larval settlement
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'!!" !"#$"%&'$()"# &!" %!" $!" 5*61
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*(#+,'-,"+$./%0 #JI!! !.*%/-4+'-23-
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patterns of recruitment. Unraveling
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@5$*-&A!"#$%"&'"()*"+,-'"&'"#$..$/"
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fishing intensity can be observed.
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0D8E:;!& )'*#+&!"#"$%& Surveys were
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*+,-./*01 2+,3415 ! "# #! $# %!! &
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located very close to the mainland,
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Mahadevan S. and Nayar K.N., (1972)
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Acropora valida (Dana, 1846) * Acro
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Porites complanata Porites nodifera
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Oscillation (ENSO) event (Sheppard
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# * + ! !!"#$%&'$()*+,#-)./#0*1*0*%
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92:5.;2-7.5
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)*+.$6"F*'"& There is a general pau
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herbicides in coastal waters of the
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i. ii. iv. iii. vi. vii. v. viii. x
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genus was Montipora (50% of live co
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seas of the Seychelles Bank in the
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!"#$%&'!()&*+',()-.'/"0")"1'' 2344+
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=(K%+'@A!8%-$'$:)!.#/!#)6.'$:)!.-;)
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their efforts were futile because f
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M=>C34.=IC10.17.I1>H3 X3346H3.7;P06
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the situation for the following gen
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estimated to be more than 5000 km (
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1,2342, 5,6
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8$F%(&LE!:H55#+N!%&!+22&!&/)-!%M)2+
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Comparison of coral reef criteria m
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McClanahan, T.R. and Shafir, S.H. (
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eing used to establish fish movemen
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eing more resilient as they are nom
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112
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communities on reefs subsequently e
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C$8,&'MN'"#$$%&'!&()#*+)!,-!.(/+012
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C$8,&'
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120
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(Davidson et al., 2006). It is boun
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Island, Mozambique, Marine Ecologic
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4%H-(*FC*&'#!)$/,)%&-3!($2710($!.,)
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larval source reefs, which could be
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4%H-(* JP* "#$!2,%&.&$%!H$$.!*$-(#,
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temporal Variation in Seawater Temp
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-(A.%$*BC!"#$!%&!'()!*)+'),-!.-/0#-
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intercepts. The island and Kenya si
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148
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150
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napoleon wrasse, is required to des
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@(;=' In response to worldwide degr
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transects, and at each 0.5 m interv
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dependency on fishing in these area
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Babcock, R.C. Kelly, S. Shears, N.T
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172
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1) showed an average coral cover 32
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around 40%. Reefs in this area are
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4 and 11 o S (Fig. 1). Forty-one is
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coral reefs in the Indian Ocean in
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C-A+3#' NE' ").(#+*.#0!1#R#-)>!#V!.
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the Seychelles, containing 7 of the
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,-.% '(-( 7*.3-38* H9(3:8 1/9/00* )
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ut minor elsewhere. These damages,
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198
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200
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proportion of the total coral are a
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212
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appeared to be males, releasing a c
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critical for the survival of a cora
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In conclusion, protection level and
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234
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:-02.(* ;
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Although different zooxanthellae de
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esilience of coral reef sites to cl
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RESILIENCE FACTORS & INDICATORS a)
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c) Cooling and flushing factors Cur
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e) Shading and screening factors Co
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Page 295 and 296: i) Anthropogenic factors Nutrient i
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Page 303 and 304: hundreds to tens of thousands (Smit
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Page 309 and 310: De Young, C., (ed.) Review of the S
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Page 313 and 314: the entire coral reef ecosystem is
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Page 321 and 322: informal discussion with key inform
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Page 325 and 326: more reef-associated fishes than us
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Page 339 and 340: of only 13 species groups. It is no
Page 341 and 342: total collapse. Thus CPUE trends ov
Page 343: Arthur R, (2008). Patterns of benth
Page 347 and 348: 8()K$%*BL!7,,8#/!#,5!2)#2%,#/!'0),5
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Page 353 and 354: the higher diversity reported here.
Page 355 and 356: Obura, D. (2001a). Participatory mo
Page 357 and 358: *&E,2)F!"#$%&$'("()*+",%)-"$'".&)"%
Page 360 and 361: -$(502)O!"I)12+.$'("@".2">A!" them
Page 362 and 363: showed declines in numbers of fishe
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Page 366 and 367: the lagoons are more exposed to oce
Page 368 and 369: e 5,890 fishers and 4,164 tonnes/yr
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Page 379 and 380: 344
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Page 383 and 384: 1. The Map Layers Window lists all
Page 385 and 386: detail for expert users. The issues
Page 387 and 388: 352
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Page 393 and 394: gradually transformed from marine h
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8=4BC)!D!)!9B)ED=F-B8)) G#H/+*)IJ)!
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do not have qualifications to apply
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is around 5,000 baht (U$ 125), or 2
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='L(*)IJ)N"7,'4%$'%,427,)*+$,&-$%27
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training and workshops for small gr
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370
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Box 1: Principles for Identifying O
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-Needs a systematic approach that r
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!(E)#$HI$!"#$%&'(')*+,'-.%/%01')&/2
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Box 3: Key Stages in Supporting Liv
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contributed to their successes and
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$ $ 9&J$QK$B-.#',3(-.0-;$+(>3&',$3"
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6$S&'P0-;$C/@$6=='&(>"$ The SLED ap
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386
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growing populations that utilize th
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particularly valuable resources sup
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successful because the products hav
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396
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et al., 2007). Many conservation pr
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8$GB)&HI&7$/1/"+/$+1,%"(/%)/1",1/"0
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C(/"1)&KI&V*.-")1,
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Aquatic protected areas as fisherie
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82.*%(BC!"!#$%!&'()*+,'-!&'-$*.&$/!
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408
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78.*%(
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much fewer households compared to f
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Malleret-King D, King A, Manghubhai
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evening respectively) during dry se
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'71.&# QP!)'#!$1!90%:'!6$',(!,-$.+%
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#;= #;< #;$ !;> !;= !;< !;$ # ! ##$
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2($&.#L(37$/# Conversion of wetland
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that nitrogen was well utilized in
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Boyd, C. E. (1990). Water quality i
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432
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434
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(*/&"'!"#$%"&%'%()*+%,-")."-%/0$1,2
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80% of the participants rating all
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obtained during our surveys of the
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In Kenya, the primary school curric
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A pre-seminar questionnaire is used
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446
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Sarah Ater CORDIO East Africa 9 Kib
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Andriamalala Gildas Blue Ventures M
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Alke Kruger Oceanographic Research
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William Nyaga CORDIO East Africa 9
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Nitiya Sangkhanan Environmental Sci
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