CORDIO Status Report 2008.pdf

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F.+*'/0#53.'.)&'B+2.)&+'7'=>.#@' ' DAVID OBURA & ROLPH PAYET B:,AC
number of reef areas that were either lightly impacted in 1998 or have showed rapid recovery since then have been noted, including sites such as the Chagos archipelago (Harris and Sheppard, this volume), Vamizi island in Mozambique (Garnier, this volume) and the Songo Songo reef system in Tanzania. These sites are the focus of increasing research to understand what characteristics enhance their resistance or tolerance to bleaching, and/or high capacity for recovery and resilience. While CORDIO has supported monitoring programmes that initially focused on bleaching impacts and recovery, many of these are increasingly being targeted at local management needs and priorities, which from the majority of reports in this volume can be seen to be focused on community fisheries and MPA management. This entails customization of methods to suit local personnel and language (e.g. Muhando et al., this volume) and embedding monitoring programmes, both biological and socio-economic in local conservation partnerships. Complementary to this development is a focus on raising standards and improving techniques in monitoring programmes by adding indicators that relate to coral population structure, recruitment and indicators of ecosystem resilience (Obura and Grimsditch, this volume) Basic research is increasingly being applied in the region and integrating with monitoring programmes supported by CORDIO. Recruitment studies are now widespread, in the Seychelles, Tanzania and Kenya (e.g. Furaha, this volume), and through a new global collaboration, CORDIO is building up research on coral-zooxanthellae dynamics and bleaching dynamics (Grimsdith et al., this volume). The first study on hard coral reproduction at equatorial latitudes is reported here (Mangubhai, this volume), confirming that unlike at higher latitudes where spawning is more synchronized, coral spawning in Kenya is spread over a broad season during the warmest months of the year. R36'%./'
Page 2: ! ! ! COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND D
Page 5 and 6: COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP
Page 8 and 9: ' (")*$)*+' Foreword PART 1 - Regio
Page 10 and 11: The Lallie Didham Coral and Shell C
Page 12 and 13: ! ! "#$%&#!'()(*+!$,-./(!0112! ! 3)
Page 14 and 15: ,$)'-$.#+'/0*$#'12$.345)6'7'8"95)6'
Page 16 and 17: =">*4'/+5.'7'=>.#@' ' JERKER TAMELA
Page 18 and 19: emains patchy (Arthur 2008). Althou
Page 20 and 21: egions facing multiple stresses tha
Page 22 and 23: eports were identified as a crucial
Page 24 and 25: Climate Change Fourth Assessment Re
Page 26 and 27: Tamelander, J. and Hoon, V. (2008).
Page 28 and 29: )&..)'=$.'7'=>.#@' ' HANSA CHANSANG
Page 30 and 31: (Narumon 2008.) has compiled socioe
Page 32 and 33: (C:(HD=BC:'/:
Page 36 and 37: egions. Initially stopped in 1996 t
Page 38 and 39: !"#"$%&'(&)'*#+&,--(%&./&"0-&!$*./&
Page 40 and 41: 8#F+-& HG& C*-/$;!($-$%(!6-$*@2,)*(
Page 42 and 43: coral cover over time (Fig. 3). Two
Page 44: Lee F. and Chou L. M. (1998). The A
Page 47 and 48: !9=&!:9!&70
Page 49 and 50: +1@75356=/1039=A
Page 51 and 52: *1E
Page 53 and 54: than 2m had been killed in Dutch Ba
Page 55 and 56: event and 2004 tsunami. In: Souter,
Page 58 and 59: !"#$%&'()*(+,,*(+,-$&,.(+,')/0%,( 1
Page 60 and 61: defence against waves provided by t
Page 62 and 63: =$L-,( H6!C+$*!($%0+3;&3-.%6!D$.$+*
Page 64 and 65: =$L-,(PI!*+3.$!%;$03$%!3($.&313$(!3
Page 66 and 67: H 2 S concentration in husk pit wat
Page 68 and 69: district alone, 90% of them being w
Page 70 and 71: of reefs remain healthy to support
Page 72: patterns of coral larval settlement
Page 75 and 76: '!!" !"#$"%&'$()"# &!" %!" $!" 5*61
Page 77 and 78: *(#+,'-,"+$./%0 #JI!! !.*%/-4+'-23-
Page 79 and 80: patterns of recruitment. Unraveling
Page 81 and 82: @5$*-&A!"#$%"&'"()*"+,-'"&'"#$..$/"
Page 83 and 84: fishing intensity can be observed.
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0D8E:;!& )'*#+&!"#"$%& Surveys were
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*+,-./*01 2+,3415 ! "# #! $# %!! &
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located very close to the mainland,
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Mahadevan S. and Nayar K.N., (1972)
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Acropora valida (Dana, 1846) * Acro
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Porites complanata Porites nodifera
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Oscillation (ENSO) event (Sheppard
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# * + ! !!"#$%&'$()*+,#-)./#0*1*0*%
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92:5.;2-7.5
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)*+.$6"F*'"& There is a general pau
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herbicides in coastal waters of the
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i. ii. iv. iii. vi. vii. v. viii. x
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genus was Montipora (50% of live co
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seas of the Seychelles Bank in the
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=(K%+'@A!8%-$'$:)!.#/!#)6.'$:)!.-;)
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their efforts were futile because f
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M=>C34.=IC10.17.I1>H3 X3346H3.7;P06
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the situation for the following gen
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estimated to be more than 5000 km (
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1,2342, 5,6
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8$F%(&LE!:H55#+N!%&!+22&!&/)-!%M)2+
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Comparison of coral reef criteria m
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McClanahan, T.R. and Shafir, S.H. (
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eing used to establish fish movemen
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eing more resilient as they are nom
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112
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communities on reefs subsequently e
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C$8,&'MN'"#$$%&'!&()#*+)!,-!.(/+012
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120
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(Davidson et al., 2006). It is boun
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Island, Mozambique, Marine Ecologic
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larval source reefs, which could be
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temporal Variation in Seawater Temp
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intercepts. The island and Kenya si
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148
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150
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napoleon wrasse, is required to des
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@(;=' In response to worldwide degr
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transects, and at each 0.5 m interv
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A,,B*B31-*C397)11*.D6*-)E#5 #$!! #!
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dependency on fishing in these area
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Babcock, R.C. Kelly, S. Shears, N.T
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172
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1) showed an average coral cover 32
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around 40%. Reefs in this area are
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184
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4 and 11 o S (Fig. 1). Forty-one is
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coral reefs in the Indian Ocean in
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C-A+3#' NE' ").(#+*.#0!1#R#-)>!#V!.
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the Seychelles, containing 7 of the
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,-.% '(-( 7*.3-38* H9(3:8 1/9/00* )
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ut minor elsewhere. These damages,
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200
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proportion of the total coral are a
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212
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appeared to be males, releasing a c
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critical for the survival of a cora
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In conclusion, protection level and
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234
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:-02.(* ;
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Although different zooxanthellae de
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244
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!&='#$(@.#$
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esilience of coral reef sites to cl
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RESILIENCE FACTORS & INDICATORS a)
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c) Cooling and flushing factors Cur
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e) Shading and screening factors Co
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g) Coral associates Obligate feeder
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i) Anthropogenic factors Nutrient i
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262
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Payet, 2005), problems in the regio
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where these species are important c
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hundreds to tens of thousands (Smit
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@+I
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De Young, C., (ed.) Review of the S
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Samoilys, M. A., Wells, S., Anderso
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the entire coral reef ecosystem is
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Thailand provided some evidence of
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informal discussion with key inform
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10 days, while higher operating eff
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more reef-associated fishes than us
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of only 13 species groups. It is no
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total collapse. Thus CPUE trends ov
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Arthur R, (2008). Patterns of benth
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the higher diversity reported here.
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Obura, D. (2001a). Participatory mo
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*&E,2)F!"#$%&$'("()*+",%)-"$'".&)"%
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-$(502)O!"I)12+.$'("@".2">A!" them
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showed declines in numbers of fishe
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*&E,2)P!"O%.$9*.)"23".2.*7"',9
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the lagoons are more exposed to oce
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e 5,890 fishers and 4,164 tonnes/yr
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=63
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1. The Map Layers Window lists all
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detail for expert users. The issues
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352
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356
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gradually transformed from marine h
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8=4BC)!D!)!9B)ED=F-B8)) G#H/+*)IJ)!
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do not have qualifications to apply
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is around 5,000 baht (U$ 125), or 2
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training and workshops for small gr
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370
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Box 1: Principles for Identifying O
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-Needs a systematic approach that r
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!(E)#$HI$!"#$%&'(')*+,'-.%/%01')&/2
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Box 3: Key Stages in Supporting Liv
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contributed to their successes and
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$ $ 9&J$QK$B-.#',3(-.0-;$+(>3&',$3"
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6$S&'P0-;$C/@$6=='&(>"$ The SLED ap
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386
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growing populations that utilize th
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particularly valuable resources sup
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successful because the products hav
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396
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et al., 2007). Many conservation pr
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8$GB)&HI&7$/1/"+/$+1,%"(/%)/1",1/"0
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C(/"1)&KI&V*.-")1,
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Aquatic protected areas as fisherie
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408
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78.*%(
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much fewer households compared to f
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Malleret-King D, King A, Manghubhai
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evening respectively) during dry se
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#;= #;< #;$ !;> !;= !;< !;$ # ! ##$
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2($&.#L(37$/# Conversion of wetland
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that nitrogen was well utilized in
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Boyd, C. E. (1990). Water quality i
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432
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434
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(*/&"'!"#$%"&%'%()*+%,-")."-%/0$1,2
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80% of the participants rating all
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obtained during our surveys of the
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In Kenya, the primary school curric
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A pre-seminar questionnaire is used
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446
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Sarah Ater CORDIO East Africa 9 Kib
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Andriamalala Gildas Blue Ventures M
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Alke Kruger Oceanographic Research
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William Nyaga CORDIO East Africa 9
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Nitiya Sangkhanan Environmental Sci
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