CORDIO Status Report 2008.pdf

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!"#$%&'()*(+&&,(-)**&."%/%"0(1%"2%*("2&( -)*"&3"(),("2&(456*'768(95):&."( ! *M.H. SCHLEYER 1 , A.H.H. MACDONALD 1 , D.E. STARZAK 1 , B.Q. MANN 1 , J.P. PAULA 2 , I. SILVA 2 , A. COSTA 3 , A. MACIA 4 & D. ABREU 4 ! 1 Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade, 4056 Durban, South Africa 2 Fundação Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 3 WWF-Mozambique, P.O. Box 4560, Maputo, Mozambique 4 Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique *Tel: +27-31-3288222 Fax: +27-31-3288188 E-mail: schleyer@ori.org.za ;-4;=
eing used to establish fish movement amongst inshore angling fish as well as selected species on reefs subjected to and closed to fishing. Connectivity between other habitats, viz. rocky and sandy shores, mangroves and seagrass beds, is being assessed through measurement of morphometric variations between populations of selected species, the differences being confirmed in genetic studies to exclude those due to environmental adaptation. Trophic linkages within and between these environments is being determined through stable isotope studies. An overview of these approaches is presented here with an outline of the direction that the results are taking. @)582)7&"5%.(@&6'#5&7&*"'A(( B#*$6CD)(*%/&5'%$6$&($&(E%'F)6( Landmarks have been photographed and measured in the Crustacea Uca annulipes and Perisesarma guttatum as well as the Mollusca Cerithidea decollata, Littoraria glabrata, L. scabra and Nerita plicata to determine differences in their geometric morphology. Clear regional differences have emerged in the morphometry of a number of the study organisms. Their validity as indicators of connectivity rather than different expressions of the same genotype is being confirmed through genetic studies. Genetic primers have been optimized for Uca annulipes, Perisesarma guttatum, and Nerita plicata. The development of specific primers has proven necessary for Littoraria glabrata, L. scabra and Cerithidea decollata; these are being tested. G&*&"%.(-)**&."%/%"0(!"#$%&'A( =.&6*)H5682%.(+&'&65.2(;*'"%"#"&( Early molecular studies at a smaller scale revealed panmixia in a pocilloporid coral (Ridgway et al., 2001) found within the Transmap region. Species with differing life-strategies were thus chosen for the Transmap study, Platygyra daedalea being a relatively long-lived, broadcast-spawning coral, Acropora austera an extremely fast-growing broadcaster with a high population turnover, and Pocillopora damicornis a relatively fast-growing coral with known mixed B%H#5&( IJ( "! #$%&'()*! %+! !"#$%$#&' &()*+#&,! -! ./0'$1(0/&23/4)2'0!560%(7-#/+/#!#%3-$!)60'3!8'6'2/#! &2)01!/6!29'!:3-6&;-*!73%
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! ! ! COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND D
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COASTAL OCEANS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP
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' (")*$)*+' Foreword PART 1 - Regio
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The Lallie Didham Coral and Shell C
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! ! "#$%&#!'()(*+!$,-./(!0112! ! 3)
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,$)'-$.#+'/0*$#'12$.345)6'7'8"95)6'
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=">*4'/+5.'7'=>.#@' ' JERKER TAMELA
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emains patchy (Arthur 2008). Althou
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egions facing multiple stresses tha
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eports were identified as a crucial
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Climate Change Fourth Assessment Re
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Tamelander, J. and Hoon, V. (2008).
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)&..)'=$.'7'=>.#@' ' HANSA CHANSANG
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(Narumon 2008.) has compiled socioe
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(C:(HD=BC:'/:
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F.+*'/0#53.'.)&'B+2.)&+'7'=>.#@' '
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egions. Initially stopped in 1996 t
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!"#"$%&'(&)'*#+&,--(%&./&"0-&!$*./&
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8#F+-& HG& C*-/$;!($-$%(!6-$*@2,)*(
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coral cover over time (Fig. 3). Two
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Lee F. and Chou L. M. (1998). The A
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!9=&!:9!&70
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+1@75356=/1039=A
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*1E
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than 2m had been killed in Dutch Ba
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event and 2004 tsunami. In: Souter,
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!"#$%&'()*(+,,*(+,-$&,.(+,')/0%,( 1
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defence against waves provided by t
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=$L-,( H6!C+$*!($%0+3;&3-.%6!D$.$+*
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=$L-,(PI!*+3.$!%;$03$%!3($.&313$(!3
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H 2 S concentration in husk pit wat
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district alone, 90% of them being w
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of reefs remain healthy to support
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patterns of coral larval settlement
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'!!" !"#$"%&'$()"# &!" %!" $!" 5*61
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*(#+,'-,"+$./%0 #JI!! !.*%/-4+'-23-
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patterns of recruitment. Unraveling
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@5$*-&A!"#$%"&'"()*"+,-'"&'"#$..$/"
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fishing intensity can be observed.
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0D8E:;!& )'*#+&!"#"$%& Surveys were
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*+,-./*01 2+,3415 ! "# #! $# %!! &
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located very close to the mainland,
Page 91 and 92: Mahadevan S. and Nayar K.N., (1972)
Page 93 and 94: Acropora valida (Dana, 1846) * Acro
Page 95 and 96: Porites complanata Porites nodifera
Page 97 and 98: Oscillation (ENSO) event (Sheppard
Page 99 and 100: # * + ! !!"#$%&'$()*+,#-)./#0*1*0*%
Page 101 and 102: 92:5.;2-7.5
Page 103 and 104: )*+.$6"F*'"& There is a general pau
Page 105 and 106: herbicides in coastal waters of the
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Page 109 and 110: :#+4-&B=$!8+-%#0$"(F%-(-$7'(&&%,%7(
Page 111 and 112: i. ii. iv. iii. vi. vii. v. viii. x
Page 113 and 114: genus was Montipora (50% of live co
Page 115 and 116: seas of the Seychelles Bank in the
Page 118 and 119: !"#$%&'!()&*+',()-.'/"0")"1'' 2344+
Page 120 and 121: =(K%+'@A!8%-$'$:)!.#/!#)6.'$:)!.-;)
Page 122 and 123: their efforts were futile because f
Page 124 and 125: M=>C34.=IC10.17.I1>H3 X3346H3.7;P06
Page 126: the situation for the following gen
Page 129 and 130: estimated to be more than 5000 km (
Page 131 and 132: 'A752#0!@#;H2)!%&!&%H+!)/12)!*%5L M
Page 133 and 134: 8$F%(&I@&O22&!&/)-!M/%5#))!#1!5#+/0
Page 135 and 136: 1,2342, 5,6
Page 137 and 138: 8$F%(&LE!:H55#+N!%&!+22&!&/)-!%M)2+
Page 139 and 140: Comparison of coral reef criteria m
Page 141: McClanahan, T.R. and Shafir, S.H. (
Page 145 and 146: eing more resilient as they are nom
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Page 149 and 150: communities on reefs subsequently e
Page 151 and 152: C$8,&'MN'"#$$%&'!&()#*+)!,-!.(/+012
Page 153 and 154: C$8,&'
Page 155 and 156: 120
Page 157 and 158: (Davidson et al., 2006). It is boun
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Page 161 and 162: D4%*(+L!"J26*2)$6"5)&2%"&'"*+,"4&.,
Page 163 and 164: Island, Mozambique, Marine Ecologic
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Page 167 and 168: 4%H-(*FC*&'#!)$/,)%&-3!($2710($!.,)
Page 169 and 170: larval source reefs, which could be
Page 171 and 172: 4%H-(* JP* "#$!2,%&.&$%!H$$.!*$-(#,
Page 173 and 174: temporal Variation in Seawater Temp
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Page 177 and 178: 8&F#$*EC!I%,#=!+$)20)+!/0C),+0'6!&%
Page 179 and 180: 8&F#$*GC*Q#2'%,+!2%-',085'0-4!'%!'(
Page 181 and 182: intercepts. The island and Kenya si
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Page 185 and 186: 150
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Page 189 and 190: )! (! '! &! %! $! #! "! ! *+,-./012
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&)M02% G"! #0$+! $B-+5$+40! >+("'$
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napoleon wrasse, is required to des
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@(;=' In response to worldwide degr
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transects, and at each 0.5 m interv
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A,,B*B31-*C397)11*.D6*-)E#5 #$!! #!
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dependency on fishing in these area
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Babcock, R.C. Kelly, S. Shears, N.T
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172
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1#:7.&B"!8,5%2!:$%0%!/%'5$,-!)22%22
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1#:7.&M>!25,*)5%(!0%%@!()*)=%!,'!H,
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1) showed an average coral cover 32
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around 40%. Reefs in this area are
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184
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4 and 11 o S (Fig. 1). Forty-one is
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coral reefs in the Indian Ocean in
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C-A+3#' NE' ").(#+*.#0!1#R#-)>!#V!.
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the Seychelles, containing 7 of the
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,-.% '(-( 7*.3-38* H9(3:8 1/9/00* )
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ut minor elsewhere. These damages,
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198
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200
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.61#$@!"#$%"&'"()*+,"(-).(!" Howeve
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$ 3%8=B!8$ >.61#$ EF""/0.1$2."34()$
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.61#$OF""Q.1H.5)$2."&'"H&1$>"$1.$"H
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5678947.:5( ,"#&!' +"#&!' *"#&!' )"
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proportion of the total coral are a
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212
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appeared to be males, releasing a c
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D&'E,+(M"!0Q(%%*-+2!$-.!4)$B-*-+!95
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:#4I+(LA!!>;(!%*,*-+!9( The 17 Acro
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8O5B@P2B>:!( ( This study was suppo
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222
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critical for the survival of a cora
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%@3.+' HB' !62+3$+0."(1"7.072*-&"%.
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%@3.+'K5""P(#%(&*-*(+"(1"7.072*-&"%
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'()*+,-)(. /-)(..012+(.3(2++ 4(,)-(
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In conclusion, protection level and
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234
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"#23,% AB!"#$%$&'#(!"%))*(#+&%$!,$#
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:-02.(* ;
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Although different zooxanthellae de
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H(6I'$"/!""!"#$%$#&"#$%&%""'()*"+,-
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244
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!&='#$(@.#$
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248
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esilience of coral reef sites to cl
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RESILIENCE FACTORS & INDICATORS a)
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c) Cooling and flushing factors Cur
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e) Shading and screening factors Co
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g) Coral associates Obligate feeder
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i) Anthropogenic factors Nutrient i
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262
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Payet, 2005), problems in the regio
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where these species are important c
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hundreds to tens of thousands (Smit
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@+I
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(+&& ()&& BE21A$M9!N42$58N7 (&&& /&
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De Young, C., (ed.) Review of the S
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Samoilys, M. A., Wells, S., Anderso
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the entire coral reef ecosystem is
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Thailand provided some evidence of
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282
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284
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informal discussion with key inform
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10 days, while higher operating eff
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more reef-associated fishes than us
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292
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(2A&#$ B"!#$%!&'!()$**+!+,-$./!$./!
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!*H,#$BI$B11'!'+,0"!:&9$-!.$61,!$./
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M U L S K @ J T > M 8$-$!$/+E$-!
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M"L M"K M"J M"> M "L "K "J "> M >
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!*H,#$MI$R1$3!,1-19*+F+*E"!X%19+1,!
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of only 13 species groups. It is no
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total collapse. Thus CPUE trends ov
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Arthur R, (2008). Patterns of benth
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8()K$%*L!"#$!%&!'()!*+#,+-.(#/)!0))
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8()K$%*BL!7,,8#/!#,5!2)#2%,#/!'0),5
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H&V3%* B6! .#'I(! $)0&%0#,I)! %&! &
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8()K$%*DL!!9)0I),'#4)!I%$%2+'+%,!%&
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the higher diversity reported here.
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Obura, D. (2001a). Participatory mo
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*&E,2)F!"#$%&$'("()*+",%)-"$'".&)"%
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-$(502)O!"I)12+.$'("@".2">A!" them
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showed declines in numbers of fishe
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*&E,2)P!"O%.$9*.)"23".2.*7"',9
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the lagoons are more exposed to oce
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e 5,890 fishers and 4,164 tonnes/yr
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!""#""$#%&'()'*+",#-)(./'0-12%+32&+
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D2G.#' KL' 32&+" 34=" 3'.-4>2+" -,"
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344
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=63
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1. The Map Layers Window lists all
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detail for expert users. The issues
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352
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!"#$%&%!"'$(%)*+,+"#-.% /'0%1'+#2"%
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356
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gradually transformed from marine h
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8=4BC)!D!)!9B)ED=F-B8)) G#H/+*)IJ)!
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do not have qualifications to apply
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is around 5,000 baht (U$ 125), or 2
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='L(*)IJ)N"7,'4%$'%,427,)*+$,&-$%27
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training and workshops for small gr
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370
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Box 1: Principles for Identifying O
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-Needs a systematic approach that r
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!(E)#$HI$!"#$%&'(')*+,'-.%/%01')&/2
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Box 3: Key Stages in Supporting Liv
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contributed to their successes and
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$ $ 9&J$QK$B-.#',3(-.0-;$+(>3&',$3"
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6$S&'P0-;$C/@$6=='&(>"$ The SLED ap
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386
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growing populations that utilize th
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particularly valuable resources sup
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@/A6+#$IC!!.&'*#/01*21$3!2#3!#4!3%&
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successful because the products hav
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396
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et al., 2007). Many conservation pr
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8$GB)&HI&7$/1/"+/$+1,%"(/%)/1",1/"0
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C(/"1)&KI&V*.-")1,
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Aquatic protected areas as fisherie
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82.*%(BC!"!#$%!&'()*+,'-!&'-$*.&$/!
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408
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78.*%(
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I+J)4,' KL' !"#$ %&$ '()$ *+,%,-%./
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#5&,'ML'I+4)0+(%%-$"7'+4+'+)5$1)7%1
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much fewer households compared to f
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Malleret-King D, King A, Manghubhai
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evening respectively) during dry se
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'71.&# QP!)'#!$1!90%:'!6$',(!,-$.+%
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#;= #;< #;$ !;> !;= !;< !;$ # ! ##$
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2($&.#L(37$/# Conversion of wetland
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that nitrogen was well utilized in
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Boyd, C. E. (1990). Water quality i
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432
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434
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(*/&"'!"#$%"&%'%()*+%,-")."-%/0$1,2
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80% of the participants rating all
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obtained during our surveys of the
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In Kenya, the primary school curric
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A pre-seminar questionnaire is used
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446
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Sarah Ater CORDIO East Africa 9 Kib
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Andriamalala Gildas Blue Ventures M
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Alke Kruger Oceanographic Research
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William Nyaga CORDIO East Africa 9
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Nitiya Sangkhanan Environmental Sci
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