2005 - Office of Population Research, Princeton University

OPR 

Office of Population Research 

Princeton University 

Annual Report 2005 

Research 

Seminars 

Publications 

Training 

Course Offerings 

Alumni Directory

The OPR Annual Report is 

published annually by the Office 

of Population Research, Princeton 

University, Wallace Hall, 

Princeton, NJ 08544. 

Copyright © 2006 Office of 

Population Research.

OPR 




Table of Contents 

From the Director ......................................................................2 

OPR Staff and Students ............................................................4 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing ....................................8 

Program in Urbanization and Migration..................................10 

Center for Health and Wellbeing ............................................13 

Center for Migration and Development ..................................16 

OPR Financial Support............................................................19 

OPR Library ............................................................................21 

OPR Seminars ........................................................................23 

OPR Research..........................................................................24 

Children and Families ................................................................24 

Data and Methods ....................................................................27 

Health and Wellbeing ................................................................28 

Migration and Urbanization ......................................................39 

Social Inequality ........................................................................44 

OPR Professional Activities ....................................................52 

2005 Publications ....................................................................59 

Working Papers ..........................................................................59 

Publications and Papers..............................................................61 

Training in Demography at Princeton ....................................81 

Ph.D. Program ..........................................................................81 

Departmental Degree in Specialization in Population........................81 

Joint-Degree Program ................................................................81 

Certificate in Demography ........................................................82 

Training Resources ....................................................................82 

Courses ......................................................................................83 

Recent Graduates ......................................................................89 

Graduate Students......................................................................91 

Alumni Directory ....................................................................95 


1

F ROM THE D IRECTOR 

I am delighted to report that OPR’s 2005 application 

to NIH for an NRSA training grant was very favorably 

received, and that the reviewers were particularly 

impressed with our program’s design and considerable 

success in meeting the needs of our trainees and 

research community. In acknowledgment of our superior 

ranking, we were awarded NICHD’s MENTOR award 

for Excellence in Research Training. This enables us to 

apply for an expedited peer review with an abbreviated 

application during our next scheduled competition 

submission. We were also awarded an additional 

predoctoral traineeship and an additional postdoctoral 

traineeship. We are extremely grateful to our NICHD 

program officer, Rebecca Clark, to the NIH for this 

award, and for the opportunity it affords us to expand 

our training program. 

We experienced an excellent admissions season this year, 

receiving 10 acceptances from students in the Woodrow 

Wilson School and the Department of Sociology to 

the demography program. We’ve also welcomed three 

currently enrolled students from Sociology to the OPR 

fold; after enrolling at Princeton, they learned of OPR’s 

program and became interested in adding demographic 

studies to their graduate training. We’re very proud of 

six students who have completed their dissertations and 

are moving on to teaching and public service positions: 

Rina Agarwala (Sociology), Gyanendra Badgaiyan (WWS), 

Michelle Bellessa Frost (Sociology), Patrick Gerland 

(PIPS), Meredith Kleykamp (Sociology), and Anna 

Zajacova (Sociology). We wish them the very best. 

We were very sorry to bid adieu to Jacqueline Druery, 

Librarian of the Stokes Library. Jackie joined us in 

2001, expertly overseeing the merging of the Woodrow 

Wilson School Library and the OPR Population Library 

into a smoothly functioning, cohesive teaching and 

research library. A native of Canada, Jackie has returned 

to her homeland and family to take up a position at 

Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, where she is 

Head of the Learning and Research Services of the 

Stauffer Library. After a nation-wide search, Nancy 

Pressman Levy, a veteran of the Princeton University 

Library system, was appointed Head of the Stokes 

Library as of May 2006, after ably serving as Interim 

Head since Jackie’s departure in September. Nancy’s 

background and experience are very well suited to the 

Stokes Library. She holds an M.A. in Near Eastern 

Studies from New York University, an M.L.S. from 

Rutgers University, and a B.A. from Douglass College, 

majoring in History and Judaic Studies. Nancy was 

a reference librarian in Firestone’s General and 

Humanities Reference section since 1984, and she 

served as selector for African Studies as well as for 

Hebrew Language titles. Prior to that, she supervised 

the Near East Cataloging Team in Princeton’s Technical 

Services Department, as well as holding positions at 

both NYU and Rutgers. Nancy has served on many 

Library implementation and steering committees for 

electronic services and delivered many instructional 

sessions to students, faculty, and staff. We are delighted 

to have her with us at the Stokes Library and look 

forward to working with her for many years. 

We bade farewell to Mario Small in the summer of 

2006, when he accepted a position as Associate 

Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago. 

Mario will be much missed at OPR, where he was 

well liked and respected by faculty, students, and staff. 

Mario’s recent research on urban child care centers 

as brokers of social ties promises to change the way 

scholars think about poverty and social capital, just as 

2 

Office of Population Research


his first book, Villa Victoria: The Transformation of 

Social Capital in a Boston Barrio, did. Mario was an 

exceptional teacher and mentor; he co-authored several 

papers with graduate students and received the 

undergraduate advising award in Sociology last spring. 

We also said farewell to Jeff Kling, who moved on to 

the Brookings Institution in the fall of 2005. He was 

a mentor to many graduate students in Economics and 

other fields and a frequent participant in seminars in 

Wallace and Fisher Halls. Jeff’s work on the Moving to 

Opportunity housing experiment and the effects of 

incarceration on job opportunities shed much light on 

these important issues. This work is becoming widely 

recognized and influential in the profession; his papers 

on both of these topics appeared in the American 

Economic Review and Econometrica in the last few 

months. We wish him well at the Brookings Institution. 

Congratulations to Sara McLanahan, director of the 

Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child 

Wellbeing, Christina Paxson, director of the Center for 

Health and Wellbeing, and Irwin Garfinkel and Jeanne 

Brooks-Gunn of Columbia University on their recent 

award of $17 million from the National Institute of 

Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) to 

support a new round of data collection for the Fragile 

Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The study is 

following a cohort of approximately 5,000 children 

born in the late 1990s; it includes a large number of 

children born to unmarried parents. NICHD is part 

of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the 

biomedical research arm of the U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. 

James Trussell, Director 




3

January – December 2005 

OPR STAFF AND S TUDENTS 

Director 

James Trussell, Professor of Economics and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, 1975. 

Interests: reproductive health, fertility, contraceptive 

technology, AIDS, mortality, demographic methods. 

Director of Graduate Studies 

Douglas Massey, Professor of Sociology and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, Princeton University, 1978. 

Interests: demography, urban sociology, race and 

ethnicity, international migration, Latin American 

society, particularly Mexico. 

Faculty Associates 

Jeanne Altmann, Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary 

Biology. Ph.D., Behavioral Sciences, University of 

Chicago, 1979. Interests: non-experimental research 

design and analysis, ecology and evolution of family 

relationships and of behavioral development; primate 

demography and life histories, parent-offspring 

relationships; infancy and the ontogeny of behavior 

and social relationships, conservation education 

and behavioral aspects of conservation. 

Elizabeth M. Armstrong, Assistant Professor of 

Sociology and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology and 

Demography, University of Pennsylvania, 1998. M.P.A. 

Princeton University, 1993. Interests: sociology of 

medicine, history of medicine and public health, 

biomedical ethics, population health, sociology 

of pregnancy. 

Anne C. Case, Professor of Economics and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Princeton University, 1988. 

Interests: public finance, development economics, 

economics of the family. 

Sara Curran, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 

Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 

1995. Interests: internal migration in developing countries, 

fertility and family planning, family demography, 

gender, sociology of development, population and the 

environment, aging. 

Angus S. Deaton, Professor of Economics and 

International Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Cambridge 

University, 1974. Interests: microeconomic analysis, 

applied econometrics, economic development. 

4 Office of Population Research 

Thomas J. Espenshade, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 

Economics, Princeton University, 1972. Interests: highly 

skilled U.S. immigrants, immigrant incorporation, fiscal 

impacts of immigration, minority higher education, 

inter-group relations on college campuses. 

Patricia Fernández-Kelly, Lecturer in Sociology. 

Ph.D., Sociology, Rutgers University, 1981. Interests: 

international economic development, industrial 

restructuring, gender/class/ ethnicity, migration/global 

economy, women/ethnic minorities in the labor force. 

Noreen Goldman, Professor of Demography and Public 

Affairs. D.Sc., Population Studies, Harvard University, 

1977. Interests: quantitative analysis, health and 

mortality, survey design, mathematical demography. 

Joshua R. Goldstein, Associate Professor of Sociology 

and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Demography, University of 

California, Berkeley, 1996. Interests: social demography, 

family demography, methodology, historical demography, 

race and ethnicity. 

Jean Grossman, Lecturer in Economics and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Massachusetts Institute of 

Technology, 1980. Interests: youth policy, program and 

policy evaluation, poverty. 

Jeffrey Kling, Assistant Professor of Economics and 

Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology, 1998. Interests: labor 

economics, public economics, and econometrics. 

Alan B. Krueger, Professor of Economics and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, Harvard University, 1987. 

Interests: labor economics, industrial relations, 

social insurance. 

Adriana Lleras-Muney, Assistant Professor of 

Economics and Public Affairs. Ph.D., Economics, 

Columbia University, 2001. Interests: children’s 

education, child labor laws, population health issues. 

Scott Lynch, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 

Sociology, Duke University, 2001. Interests: social 

epidemiology, quantitative methodology, demography 

and sociology of aging. 

Sara S. McLanahan, Professor of Sociology and Public 

Affairs. Director, Bendheim-Thoman Center for 

Research on Child Wellbeing. Ph.D., Sociology, 

University of Texas, Austin, 1979. Interests: family 

demography, intergenerational relationships, poverty.


Katherine Newman, Professor of Sociology and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Anthropology, University of California, 

Berkeley, 1979. Interests: social stratification, urban 

poverty, and urban life. 

Devah Pager, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 

Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2002. 

Interests: employment discrimination, racial inequality, 

social stratification, prisoner reentry. 

Christina H. Paxson, Professor of Economics and 

Public Affairs. Director, Center for Health and Wellbeing. 

Ph.D., Economics, Columbia University, 1987. Interests: 

economic development, applied microeconomics. 

Alejandro Portes, Professor of Sociology. Director, 

Center for Migration and Development. Ph.D., 

Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1970. 

Interests: immigration, economic sociology, 

comparative development, Third World urbanization. 

Germán Rodríguez, Senior Research Demographer. 

Ph.D., Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, 

1975. Interests: statistical demography, fertility surveys, 

survival analysis, multilevel models, demographic and 

statistical computing, design and deployment of 

databases on the web. 

Lee M. Silver, Professor of Molecular Biology and 

Public Affairs. Ph.D., Biophysics, Harvard University, 

1978. Interests: policy issues and social implications of 

new genetic and reproductive technologies, bioethics, 

genetic testing, cloning, genetic engineering, egg and 

sperm vending. 

Burton H. Singer, Professor of Demography and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Statistics, Stanford University, 1967. 

Interests: epidemiology of tropical diseases, demography 

and economics of aging, health, and social consequences 

of economic development, the interrelationships 

between genetics and historical demography. 

Mario L. Small, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., 

Sociology, Harvard University, 2001. Interests: 

inequality and culture, urban poverty and immigration, 

neighborhood effects, higher education. 

Marta Tienda, Professor of Sociology and Public 

Affairs. Ph.D., Sociology, The University of Texas, 

Austin, 1977. Interests: population and development, 

youth employment and labor market dynamics, race 

and ethnic stratification, access to higher education. 

Bruce Western, Professor of Sociology. Ph.D., Sociology, 

University of California, Los Angeles, 1993. Interests: 

labor markets, stratification, demographic methods. 

Charles F. Westoff, Senior Research Demographer. 

Ph.D., Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, 1953. 

Interests: population policy, comparative fertility in 

developing countries, fertility surveys. 

Postdoctoral Fellows 

Kalena Cortes, Research Associate. Ph.D., Economics, 

University of California, Berkeley, 2002. Interests: labor 

economics, economic demography and the economics 

of education, with a particular emphasis in the 

economic wellbeing of immigrants in the United States. 

Michelle DeKlyen, Research Staff. Ph.D., Child 

Clinical Psychology, University of Washington, 1992. 

Interests: child development, early child behavior 

disorders, child learning disabilities. 

Thurston Domina, Research Associate. Ph.D. 

Sociology, Graduate School and University Center, City 

University of New York, 2006. Interests: Inequality and 

the expansion of higher education, social geography, 

sociology of education. 

Gretchen Livingston, Visiting Research Fellow. Ph.D., 

Sociology and Demography, University of Pennsylvania, 

2003. Interests: economic inequality and stratification, 

demography, gender, immigrant adaptation, social 

networks, aging and the life course. 

Sarah Meadows, Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, 

Duke University, 2005. Interests: mental health, stress 

and coping, adolescent health and wellbeing, marriage 

and health, life course, gender, criminology and juvenile 

delinquency. 

Margarita Mooney, Research Associate. Ph.D., Sociology, 

Princeton University, 2004. Interests: international 

migration, development, religion, culture, and higher 

education. 

Caroline Moreau, Visiting Research Fellow. Ph.D., 

Public Health (Epidemiology), University of Paris, 

2005. Interests: contraceptive effectiveness, abortion, 

emergency contraception. 

Sunny Niu, Research Associate. Ph.D., Economics of 

Education, Stanford University, 2002. Interests: issues 

in education, research design, employment, and income 

distribution and occupational choice. 

Christopher Seplaki, Research Associate. Ph.D., 

Population Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 

2002. Interests: aging, determinants of health and 

function in the elderly. 

Sigal Alon 

Wayne 

Appleton 

Meridel Bulle 

Mary Lou 

Delaney 

Carol Dyer 

Kris Emerson 


5

OPR Staff and Students 

6 

Stephanie Y. Smith, Research Associate. Ph.D., Health 

Policy and Management-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2005. 

Interests: qualitative and quantitative methods for risk 

assessment, health behavior and communication theory. 

Cassio Turra, Research Associate. Ph.D., Demography, 

University of Pennsylvania, 2004. Interests: 

socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in 

health and mortality across the life course, economic 

demography, aging and biodemography. 

Lisa Wynn, Research Associate. Ph.D., Anthropology, 

Princeton University, 2003. Interests: emergency 

contraception in the Middle East, gender, nationalism 

and identity. 

Visiting Scholars 

Sigal Alon, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Sociology, Tel-Aviv 

University, Israel, 1998. Interests: stratification and 

inequality; sociology of education; employment and labor 

market dynamics; gender and race/ethnic stratification. 

Richard Ampadu, Visiting Scholar. M.Sc., Agricultural 

Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University (Ghana), 

2001. Interests: urban poverty, sustainable development, 

environmental management strategies. 

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Human Learning and Development, University 

of Pennsylvania, 1975. Interests: child development, 

child wellbeing, parenting, education, poverty. 

Marcia Carlson, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Sociology, 

University of Michigan, 1999. Interests: family 

structure, parenting, father involvement, child 

wellbeing, poverty and inequality, welfare policy. 

Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, The University of 

Michigan, 1981. Interests: child development and 

family functioning, employment of mothers. 

Kailash C. Das, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Population 

Study, International institute for Population Sciences, 

Mumbai, India, 1998. Interests: migration and 

urbanization, urban and regional planning and 

development, health consequences, aging, mega cities. 

Sahar El-Sheneity, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Statistics, 

Cornell University, 2003. Interests: questionnaire 

design, methodology, statistical applications, social 

development. 


Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Visiting Research 

Collaborator. Ph.D., Statistics, Penn State University, 

1999. Interests: statistical methods, missing data, 

measurement error, inter-disciplinary applications 

(health, population, and education). 

Barbara Heyns, Visiting Research Scholar. Ph.D., 

Sociology, University of Chicago, 1971. Interests: 

education and social policy, organization and delivery 

of professional services for children. 

John Hobcraft, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint 

CRCW and CHW). B.Sc., Economics, London School 

of Economics and Political Science, 1966. Interests: 

comparative analysis, comparative health policy, 

consequences, demographic analysis, determinants, 

dynamics, family, fertility, household change, mortality, 

population, survey analysis. 

Mehtab Karim, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D., Sociology, 

Demography, Human Development, Cornell University 

1982. Interests: immigration, forced migration, gender 

discrimination, reproductive health. 

Kathleen Kiernan, Visiting Research Scholar. (Joint 

CRCW and CHW). Ph.D., University of London, 

1987. Interests: childbearing and cohabitation outside 

marriage, children, divorce, family change, long-term 

outcomes, parenthood, teenage motherhood, transition. 

Pamela Klebanov, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Social Psychology, Princeton University, 1989. 

Interests: child development, poverty, parenting. 

Clemens Kroneberg, Visiting Student. M.A., Social 

Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany, 2004. 

Interests: adaptation of immigrants, theory of action, 

rational choice theory, social science methodology, 

quantitative methods. 

Mary Clare Lennon, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Sociology, Columbia University. Interests: 

relation of gender to physical and mental health, family 

and the workplace, wellbeing of low-income women 

and children. 

Shelly L. Lundberg, Visiting Research Scholar. Ph.D., 

Economics, Northwestern University, 1981. Interests: 

labor economics, economics of the family, racial 

segregation and inequality. 

Garvey Lundy, Visiting Research Collaborator. Ph.D., 

Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, 1998. 

Interests: sociology of education, race and ethnicity, 

culture and identity, stratification, Haitian migration.


Nancy Reichman, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Economics, City University of New York, 1993. 

Interests: health economics, poverty, immigration, and 

infant health. 

Raymond Sanchez-Mayers, Visiting Fellow. Ph.D. 

Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 

1982. Interests: Hispanic immigration, financial 

management in nonprofits. 

Magaly Sanchez-R., Sr. Field Coord. (LAMP). Ph.D., 

Sociology, University of Paris, 1980. Interests: transnational 

identities, first and second generation Latino migrant 

youths, urban violence, social exclusion, inequalities and 

poverty, youth gangs, barrios in Latin America. 

Andrea Weathers, Visiting Research Collaborator. 

Ph.D., Population and Family Health Sciences, 

Johns Hopkins University, 2001; MD, East Carolina 

University School of Medicine, 1987. Interests: 

migrant child health and health services, pediatrics. 

Administrative Staff 

Melanie Adams, Academic Assistant 

Nancy Cannuli, Grant Manager 

Mary Lou Delaney, Program Assistant 

Carol Dyer, Program Assistant 

Kris Emerson, Program Manager, CRCW 

Regina Leidy, Program Assistant 

Joyce Lopuh, Purchasing and Accounts Administrator 

Maureen Marchetta, Outreach Coordinator 

Judie Miller, Academic Assistant 

Diana Sacké, Academic Assistant 

Barbara Sutton, Associate Director 

Judith Tilton, Graduate Program Administrator 

Kristen Turner, Academic Assistant 

Computing Staff 

Wayne Appleton, System Administrator, 

UNIX Systems Manager 

Chang Y. Chung, Programmer 

Jennifer Curatola, Assistant System Administrator 

Dawn Koffman, Programmer 

Rebecca Lowry, Programmer 

Angel L. Martinez, Assistant System Administrator 

Thu Vu, Programmer 

Library Staff 

Elana Broch, Assistant Population Research Librarian 

Joann Donatiello, Population Research Librarian 

Jacqueline Druery, Librarian, Donald E. Stokes Library 

Michiko Nakayama, Library Assistant 

Nancy Pressman Levy, Librarian, Donald E. Stokes Library 

Research/Technical Staff 

Kevin Bradway, Research Specialist 

Meridel Bulle, Research Specialist 

Chiara Capoferro, Project Manager 

Monica Espinoza Higgins, Sr. Data Manager (NIS) 

Maia Jachimowicz, Research Assistant 

Jean Knab, Data Manager 

Jennifer Martin, Project Manager 

Daniel Mendez, Research Assistant 

Stacey O’Brien, Web Manager, CRCW 

Sally Waltman, Project Manager, CRCW 

Marc D. Weiner, Project Director 

Students 

Rina Agarwala, Woodrow Wilson School 

Sofya Aptekar, Department of Sociology 

Maria Aysa-Lastra, Visiting Student, 

University of Pennsylvania 

Gyanendra Badgaiyan, Woodrow Wilson School 

Katherine Bartley, Visiting Student, 


Sharon Bzostek, Department of Sociology 

Rebecca Pearson Casciano, Department of Sociology 

Kelly Cleland, Program in Population Studies 

Nicholas Ehrmann, Department of Sociology 

Nadia Flores, Visiting Student, University 

of Pennsylvania 

Michelle B. Frost, Department of Sociology 

Patrick Gerland, Program in Population Studies 

Valerie Lewis, Department of Sociology 

Meredith A. Kleykamp, Department of Sociology 

Emily Moiduddin, Woodrow Wilson School 

Petra Nahmias, Department of Sociology 

Kevin O’Neil, Woodrow Wilson School 

Christine Percheski, Department of Sociology 

David Potere, Program in Population Studies 

Fernando Riosmena, Visiting Student, University 

of Pennsylvania 

Jake Rosenfeld, Department of Sociology 

Rania Salem, Department of Sociology 

Elisha Smith, Woodrow Wilson School 

Kim Smith, Woodrow Wilson School 

Samir Soneji, Program in Population Studies 

Scott Washington, Department of Sociology 

Christopher Wildeman, Department of Sociology 

Anna Zajacova, Department of Sociology 

Barbara Heyns 

Maia 

Jachimowicz 

Dawn Koffman 

Shelly L. 

Lundberg 

Caroline 

Moreau 

Nancy 

Pressman Levy 


7

C ENTER FOR R ESEARCH ON C HILD W ELLBEING 

The Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child 

Wellbeing (CRCW) was established in 1996 to promote 

basic research on a broad range of children’s issues 

including child wellbeing, education, health, income 

security, and family/community resources. The CRCW, 

directed by Sara McLanahan, Professor of Sociology and 

Public Affairs, is affiliated with the Office of Population 

Research and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public 

and International Affairs at Princeton University. 

CRCW faculty and research associates are drawn from 

Princeton’s departments of economics, politics, and 

sociology, as well as from other universities and 

institutions. Each year the CRCW supports a number 

of postdoctoral fellows, as well as graduate and 

undergraduate students. Postdoctoral fellows at the 

Center this year included 

• Sarah Meadows (Sociology, Duke University), and 

• Stephanie Smith (Health Policy and Management, 

Johns Hopkins University). 

During the past year, CRCW has also supported 

Visiting Fellows and Visiting Research Collaborators, 

including 

• Jeanne Brooks-Gunn (Virginia and Leonard Marx 

Professor of Child Development and Education at 

Teachers’ College-Columbia University, and Director 

of the National Center for Children and Families) 

• Marcia Carlson (Professor, Columbia University) 

• Barbara Heyns (Professor, New York University) 

• John Hobcraft (Anniversary Professor of Sociology 

and Demography, University of York, England) 

• Kathleen Kiernan (Professor of Social Policy and 

Demography, University of York, England) 

• Pamela Klebanov (Research Scientist, Columbia 

University) 

• Mary Clare Lennon (Associate Professor of Clinical 

Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University) 

• Shelly Lundberg (Castor Professor of Economics and 

Director of the Center for Research on Families, 

University of Washington) 

• Krista Perreira (Assistant Professor of Public Policy at 

the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) 

• Nancy Reichman (Professor, RWJ Medical 

School/UMDNJ) 

CRCW engages in numerous activities designed to 

inform policymakers, program directors, and advocates 

about issues related to families and child wellbeing. 

Written products include working papers, research 

briefs, policy briefs, and a journal published twice 

yearly. All products are available on the CRCW website 

and are distributed electronically and in print form to 

various advocacy groups, government officials, program 

administrators, individuals at non-profit organizations 

and foundations, and researchers at universities and 

“think tanks.” 

The CRCW sponsors a number of social science 

research projects, including the landmark Fragile 

Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWB) and 

the Future of Children project. 

8 



The Fragile Families and 

Child Wellbeing Study 

Directed by Sara McLanahan and Irwin Garfinkel 

(Columbia University), The Fragile Families and Child 

Wellbeing Study (FFCWB) is a longitudinal birth cohort 

study that collects data on unmarried mothers and the 

fathers of their children, along with a control group of 

married parents. Parents are interviewed shortly after 

the birth of their child, and again when the child is 1, 

3 and 5 years of age. Now in its eighth year, the study 

continues to follow 4,898 families, including 3,712 

unmarried couples and 1,186 married couples. The data 

are representative of all non-marital births to parents 

residing in U.S. cities with populations over 200,000. 

The project, funded by a consortium of private 

foundations, the National Institute of Child Health 

and Human Development, and the National Science 

Foundation, provides a rich source of new information 

about a growing but under-studied group of families. 

The study collects detailed data on parents’ relationships, 

economic circumstances, health, and health behaviors. 

The study is especially unique in collecting data on 

unwed fathers. The data collected by FFCWB will allow 

researchers to test hypotheses about the effects of social 

norms, intergenerational influences, and economic 

incentives (and negotiations) on family formation, 

father involvement, and the wellbeing of parents and 

children. Public-use versions of the baseline, one-year, 

and three-year follow-up FFCWB data are available in 

the archive of the Office of Population Research. 

The Future of Children Project 

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation in 2003 

awarded ownership rights of The Future of Children to 

Princeton University and the Brookings Institution. 

The Future of Children is the leading publication on 

children’s policy in the United States. Sara McLanahan 

is the editor-in-chief, and senior editors include 

Christina Paxson, director of the Center for Health 

and Wellbeing; Cecilia Rouse, director of the WWS 

Education Research Section; Isabel Sawhill, Vice 

President of the Brookings Institution, and Ron 

Haskins, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. 

Elisabeth Donahue, a lecturer at the Woodrow Wilson 

School, is the associate editor of the journal. The journal’s 

main objective is to provide high-level research that is 

useful and accessible to policymakers, practitioners, 

students, and the media. Recent topics include the racial 

test gap, marriage and child wellbeing, childhood obesity, 

and social mobility. Complementing the publication of 

each journal is a series of outreach programs, designed 

to inform key stakeholders about the children’s policy 

issue covered in the volume. Outreach activities include 

a practitioners’ conference, Congressional briefings, 

press conferences, and stakeholders seminars. The journal’s 

website, www.futureofchildren.org, allows visitors to 

access the journals, policy briefs, video web casts of 

journal-related events, and audio-conferences. Funding 

for the journal is provided by a consortium of four 

foundations and the Woodrow Wilson School. For 

more information on the CRCW, please see 

http://crcw.princeton.edu/. 


9

P ROGRAM IN U RBANIZATION AND M IGRATION 

10 

This was the final year of the Program in Urbanization 

and Migration (PUM) at Princeton University’s Office 

of Population Research, which was designed to promote 

international research and collaboration between 

OPR and affiliated demography centers in Argentina, 

Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, South Africa, 

Thailand, and Uganda. The visiting fellows program 

provided access to all of the resources available to 

OPR research affiliates. Summer research competitions 

strengthened intellectual outreach to pre-doctoral 

students and faculty colleagues at Rutgers University 

and other units within Princeton University. To nurture 

the development of migration research in developing 

countries, PUM sponsored dissertation field research 

projects for young investigators in Africa, Latin 

America, and Asia. Sponsored conferences and 

workshops advanced and intersected the boundaries 

of migration research. 

During this last year of the Mellon Foundation-funded 

program, the PUM created and strengthened institutional 

ties and fostered the professional development of a senior 

researcher in the field of migration and urbanization 

research through the visiting fellowship of a scholar 

from Pakistan and through collaborative work with a 

postdoctoral researcher in statistics from Egypt who 

is completing the requirements for the certificate in 

demography. PUM completed periodical collections 

for the journals Demography and Population and 

Development Review for the population libraries at 

CEDEM, University of Havana, Cuba, and at Cairo 

University, Cairo, Egypt. It fostered migration research in 

developing countries by funding graduate students and 

faculty from Rutgers University and Princeton to conduct 

field research and pursue language training in Latin 

America, Africa, and Asia. It amplified the development 

of the website Gente Móvil, which assembles quantitative 

and qualitative data about Nicaraguan migrants. PUM 

sponsored the publication of research results on several 

projects in Argentina about the use of the Argentine 

health system by immigrants from neighboring countries, 

and it completed the production of a volume about 

migration and urbanization based on the highly successful 

international conference on internal and international 

migration in Africa. 

Besides continuing to strengthen ties between OPR and 

researchers at our sister institutions in Africa, Asia, and 


Latin America, PUM opened lines of contact with 

researchers in Pakistan, India, and Egypt. Visiting 

fellows utilized a suite of offices in Wallace Hall 

equipped with computers, telephones, email, and voice 

mail access. In addition, the fellows enjoyed access to 

the resources available to OPR research affiliates, 

including the excellent computing environment and 

library and the demography seminar. Fellows who were 

in residence during the academic year also had the 

privilege of auditing classes by securing permission of 

the instructor. Visiting fellows in residence at PUM in 

2005 were: 

Kailash Chandra Das, Assistant Professor, Department 

of Migration and Urban Studies, International Institute 

for Population Sciences (IIPS), Deemed University, 

Mumbai, India. Dr. Das, using a variety of secondary 

information sources on population, socio-economic, 

demographic, health and environmental characteristics, 

urbanization trends, migration patterns and characteristics, 

and various policy documents, completed work on a 

study of issues related to migration and urbanization in 

mega cities in India, “Urbanization and Migration in 

Million Cities of India: Challenges for 21st Century.” 

Mehtab S. Karim, Head, Population & Reproductive 

Health Program, Department of Community Health 

Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Dr. 

Karim developed his research on the analysis of U.S. 

2000 Census data pertaining to immigrants to the 

United States from India and Pakistan, “Pakistani 

Immigrants in North America and Their Families at the 

Point of Origin: Networking and Social and Economic 

Benefits to the Family Members Left Behind.” Dr. Karim 

presented his research at the Population Association of 

American annual meetings in Los Angeles in March. 

Sahar El-Sheneity, Assistant Professor, School of 

Economics and Political Science, Department of 

Statistics, Cairo University. Dr. El-Sheneity, who 

received her Ph.D. in Statistics from Cornell University, 

joined the Office of Population Research as a visiting 

fellow in order to hone her statistical skills and learn 

demographic applications in pursuance of her program 

of research, which included random sampling, 

experimental modeling, and infant mortality. She quickly 

developed an interest in the work of Marta Tienda, 

and she is completing a research project under the joint


supervision of Tienda and Germán Rodríguez on the 

effect of maternal care and breastfeeding on infant 

mortality in Egypt. 

Although our efforts at further developing research ties 

with CEDEM in Havana, Cuba were severely hampered 

by the state of relations between the U.S. and Cuban 

governments, we were able to strengthen the Cuban 

documentation center’s bibliographic resources. We 

purchased all missing back issues and completed their 

journal collections of Demography and Population and 

Development Review, and we purchased continuing 

subscriptions for the next several years. PUM also made 

arrangements with the International Union for the 

Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP) to fund the 

membership fees of twelve researchers from CEDEM at 

the University of Havana for the years 2005 through 2009. 

Building on the ties established with Dr. El-Sheneity, 

the PUM also purchased all missing back issues and 

completed the journal collections of Demography and 

Population and Development Review for the population 

collection at the Library of Faculty of Economics and 

Political Sciences, Cairo University. 

During the past year, PUM researchers collaborated 

with colleagues at the Institute of Economic and Social 

Development (IDES) in Buenos Aires, Argentina, under 

the direction of Elizabeth Jelin. She and her colleagues 

at IDES conducted a PUM-sponsored research project 

on “Migrants from Neighboring Countries in the 

Health System of Argentina,” which involved data 

collection and analysis about the way immigrants from 

neighboring countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, 

Paraguay, Uruguay, and Peru make use of the Argentine 

health system. This IDES report on immigrant use of 

the health care system in Argentina, published in 2005, 

is entitled Salud y Migración Regional. Ciudadanía, 

Discriminación y Comunicación Intercultural. It sheds 

light on the ways in which cultural, racial, or ethnic 

traits factor into access to and quality of care, and 

how the idea of universal access contrasts with actual 

practices, where citizenship, legal-illegal residence, 

culture, and phenotype may make a great difference. 

Another active focus of PUM was to nurture the 

development of migration research in developing 

countries by funding young investigators to conduct 

dissertation field research in Africa, Latin America, 

and Asia. Eligible applicants were faculty and graduate 

students in the social sciences at Princeton and Rutgers 

Universities who wished to undertake language instruction 

or conduct field research abroad. The applications that 

received support had to conform to the general guidelines 

of the program and comply with all requirements of the 

Institutional Review Panel at Princeton University. 

For summer 2005, ten students received support, 

including seven from Rutgers University, where intramural 

resources for student field research are scarce. All 

students completed their summer work satisfactorily 

and submitted summary reports on their language and 

research achievements. The students who were awarded 

research support included: 

Adriana Abdenur, Princeton University, Department 

of Sociology, “The State and Class Conflict, Mediating 

Urban Land Use.” 

Chelsea Booth, Rutgers University, Department of 

Anthropology, “Language, Migration, and History: 

Language Ideologies of a Changing Border.” 

Filiz Garip, Princeton University, Department of 

Sociology, “From Migrant Social Capital to Community 

Development: A Relational Account of Migration, 

Remittances, and Inequality.” 

Chaunetta Jones, Rutgers University, Department of 

Anthropology, “The Effects of Migration on HIV-AIDS 

in Cape Town, South Africa.” 

Jessica Jean Kelly, Rutgers University, Department of 

Geography, “Incorporating the Effects of Gendered 

Migration and Land Tenure in ‘Forest Transition’ 

Theory: A Case Study in El Salvador.” 

Jennifer Miller, Rutgers University, Department of 

History, “Gendered Border Crossings: Turkish Women 

‘Guest Workers’ in Germany, 1961-1973.” 

Mi Shih, Rutgers University, Program in Urban Planning 

and Policy Development, “Guanxi Network and 

Community Conflicts in Property Development in China.” 

Sourabh Singh, Rutgers University, Department of 

Sociology, “To Speak or Not to Speak: Dynamics 

of Linguistic Exchange between a Mobilizing 

Organization and Its Constituents.” 

Fatimah Williams Castro, Rutgers University, 

Department of Anthropology, “Desplazamiento 

Interno: A Preliminary Study of Afro-Colombian 

Internally Displaced Persons.” 

Princeton University 11

Program in Urbanization and Migration 

Yue Zhang, Princeton University, Department of 

Politics, “The Political Construction of Global 

Influence: Urban Preservation in Beijing, 2001-2005. 

Regional and international conferences were an important 

component of the PUM. Dalia Borgia organized a seminar, 

Regional Perspectives of Cross-Border Migration in 

Central America, held February 3-5, 2005 in San José, 

Costa Rica, that allowed Costa Rican migration scholars 

to build on relationships established at the “Southern 

Cone” conference. There was consensus that the region 

needs sustained interactions among scholars from varying 

countries to further understanding of international 

migration in Central America. One of the main 

recommendations was the need to develop comparative 

studies among countries from the Americas with respect 

to such subjects as remittances, migration, urbanization, 

and discrimination. Standardizing data collection 

procedures and terminology on migration across the 

region would lay the technical foundation that would 

make these comparative studies possible. The conference 

program, list of participants, and summary conclusions 

are accessible at http://www.ccp.ucr.ac.cr/noticias/migraif. 

As an outgrowth of the conference held in Costa Rica, a 

website called Gente-Móvil, a databank about Nicaraguan 

migrants, was launched. Under the sponsorship of OPR 

and management by Danilo Rayo, the website permits 

scholars to conduct research about Nicaraguan migration, 

which is relatively understudied, despite the large exodus 

to neighboring countries (and the U.S.) during the period 

of armed conflict. The databank includes both quantitative 

and qualitative information, and it includes information 

that government organizations and independent institutions 

previously held for nondisclosure. Though the project 

has an initial scope that showcases Nicaragua, its design 

can be extended to other Central American countries. 

The website is found at http://www.gente-movil.org/. 

from this conference were completed and published in 

2005 as Migraciones Regionales Hacia la Argentina. 

Diferencia, Desigualdad y Derechos. 

Finally, the co-organizers of the international conference 

on internal and international migration in Africa, 

African Migration and Urbanization in a Comparative 

Perspective, fulfilled their goal of publishing a volume 

based on that highly successful conference held in 2003 

in South Africa. The conference brought together over 

40 scholars representing 13 countries to evaluate how 

migration and urban living influences wellbeing among 

movers and stayers in the context of the rapid social, 

economic, and political changes that characterize most 

African nations, with salient comparisons drawn 

between trends in Africa and demographic patterns in 

Asia, Latin America, Europe, and the U.S. The sessions 

addressed migration, comparative urban systems, 

household and community differentiation, labor markets, 

population health, and migrant rights and policies. 

Marta Tienda, with co-editors Sally Findley (Columbia 

University), Eleanor Preston-Whyte (University of Natal), 

and Steve Tollman (University of Witwatersrand) 

successfully produced a volume entitled Africa on the 

Move: African Migration and Urbanisation in 

Comparative Perspective, forthcoming in 2006 

(University of Witwatersrand Press). 

Sincere thanks and appreciation are extended to the 

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for its generous 

financial and intellectual support of the Program in 

Urbanization and Migration. 

The Costa Rica conference was a follow-up to Southern 

Cone Migration to Argentina: Between Citizenship and 

Illegality, which was held in 2004 in Buenos Aires, 

Argentina. It brought together sociological and 

anthropological expertise regarding migration from 

Southern Cone countries that share borders with 

Argentina. Specialists in urbanization and international 

migration from Princeton University joined with 

colleagues from Argentina and Costa Rica in dialogue on 

regional migration processes. The summary proceedings 

12 


C ENTER FOR H EALTH AND W ELLBEING 

The mission of the Center for Health and Wellbeing 

(CHW), founded in 2000, is to foster research and 

teaching on health, wellbeing, and health policy within 

the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International 

Affairs at Princeton University. Over the past five years, 

CHW has focused on two closely-related goals: to 

bring together and build up an active interdisciplinary 

community of researchers who work on health, wellbeing 

and health policy; and to develop a high-quality teaching 

program in health policy in the Woodrow Wilson School’s 

graduate school. CHW sponsors seminars, conferences, 

and research meetings; runs a visiting fellows program; 

and sponsors the Woodrow Wilson School’s graduate 

Certificate in Health and Health Policy (HHP). 

CHW currently has 24 faculty associates drawn from 

the fields of anthropology, demography, epidemiology, 

economics, history, molecular biology, neuroscience, 

politics, psychology and sociology. These associates are 

involved in a wide range of research projects on health, 

wellbeing, and public policy. The following describes a 

subset of these projects. Additional information on 

research projects can be found on the websites of 

individual faculty members affiliated with CHW. 


Demography of Aging Center 

The Center for Health and Wellbeing is home to a 

Demography of Aging Center, funded by the National 

Institute of Aging. The Demography of Aging Center, 

started in 2004, fosters new research on the 

interrelationships between socioeconomic status and 

health as people age; examines the determinants of 

decision-making and wellbeing among the elderly; and 

explores the determinants and policy consequences of 

increased longevity and population aging across and within 

countries over time. An area of special emphasis is 

research on how HIV/AIDS is affecting the health and 

living conditions of the elderly. The key CHW faculty 

associates working on this project are Anne Case, 

Jonathan Cohen, Angus Deaton, Noreen Goldman, 

Daniel Kahneman, and Burt Singer. The center is 

directed by Christina Paxson. 

Center for Research on 

Experience and Wellbeing 

The Center for Health and Wellbeing is home to a 

National Institute of Aging Roybal Center, called the 

Center for Research on Experience and Well Being 

(CREW). The research is being led by Daniel Kahneman, 

together with Alan Krueger (director of Princeton’s 

Survey Research Center), former CHW visiting fellow 

David Schkade (University of California, San Diego), 

Norbert Schwarz (University of Michigan) and Arthur 

Stone (Stony Brook University). The overall objectives 

of CREW are to (1) develop new methods for the 

measurement of wellbeing and health, and (2) use these 

measures to better understand and document the 

experience of aging. The measures developed will be 

used to analyze how different life circumstances and 

situations contribute to the overall quality of life across 

the life cycle. The combination of measurements of the 

affective experience of situations and activities with 

measurements of the time spent by the population in 

these activities, currently collected by the Department 

of Labor Statistics, will contribute to the development of 

an experimental system of National Well-being Accounts. 

South Africa: Poverty, Inequality and Health 

Anne Case and Angus Deaton, together with Alicia 

Menendez from the Harris School at the University of 

Chicago, are conducting integrated health and economic 

surveys in South Africa, to investigate the links between 

health status and economic status. This work is being 

done in collaboration with researchers from the 

Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton and the 

University of Witwatersrand, and with WWS graduate 

and CHW visitor Ingrid le Roux of the Philani 

Nutrition Centers and Department of Health. The survey 

instruments collect data on a range of traditional and 

non-traditional measures of wellbeing, including 

income and consumption, measures of health status 

(including mental health), morbidity, crime, social 

connectedness, intrahousehold relationships, and direct 

hedonic measures of wellbeing. The surveys draw on 

recent work in economics, health, psychology, and 

anthropology to explore different kinds of welfare 

measures and the relationships between them. Their 

work in two South African field sites, Agincourt and 

Khayelitsha, is currently funded by the National 

Institutes of Health. 


13

Center for Health and Wellbeing 

14 

Economic Status, Public Policy 

and Child Neglect 

Christina Paxson is engaged in research on the relationships 

between economic factors and child neglect. This work 

is being done in collaboration with Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, 

Neil Guterman and Jane Waldfogel (at Columbia 

University) and former CHW-research fellow Lawrence 

Berger (University of Wisconsin-Madison). The research 

examines how parental resources – in the form of parental 

presence or absence, time, and money – influence both 

physical and emotional neglect of pre-school children, 

and how recent changes in welfare policies influence 

neglect. The study is collecting data on child neglect as 

part of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, 

a birth cohort study directed by Sara McLahanan. 

The research is funded by a grant from the National 

Institute of Child Health and Development. 

Udaipur Health Survey 

Angus Deaton, together with collaborators Abhijit 

Banerjee and Esther Duflo at MIT, Jishnu Das at the 

World Bank, and Seva Mandir in Udaipur, is investigating 

health and economic status among rural households in 

the Udaipur district of Rajasthan in northwestern India. 

Members of around 1,000 households in 100 villages 

were surveyed and asked about their economic activities, 

physical and mental health status, and experiences with 

healthcare. Complementary surveys collected information 

about village infrastructure and about the clinics and 

medical personnel that people use, including traditional 

healers. One aim of the study is to discover more about 

the quality of healthcare, how well it serves the people 

who use it, and the extent to which it contributes to 

health status. More broadly, the study aims to improve 

our understanding of the determinants of health, as well 

as the relationships between health and economic status, 

and how they work together to determine wellbeing. 

College Education and Health 

Christina Paxson, together with Cecilia Rouse and Adriana 

Lleras-Muney, is studying the impact of education on 

health outcomes and behaviors among young adults. 

This work is being done in collaboration with the 

Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation 

(MDRC). The study has added a health component to an 

assessment of a new and unique education intervention, 

the Opening Doors experiment. Opening Doors provided 

4,400 economically disadvantaged young adults in a set 

of community colleges across the country with extra 


financial assistance, mentoring, and curricular 

enhancements, all aimed at increasing their levels of 

educational attainment. Approximately 3,600 students 

in a control group did not receive extra assistance and 

are also being followed over time. Randomization of 

individuals into treatment and control groups makes 

it possible to identify the causal effects of educational 

attainment on health outcomes and behaviors. The 

study will assess how the intervention affects health and 

health behaviors in the short run; how initial health 

affects progression through college; and whether the 

intervention ameliorates adverse effects of initial health 

on educational attainment. This project is funded by the 

National Institutes of Health. 

Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing 

This project studies how parental resources affect 

children’s wellbeing, as measured by children’s health 

status and their cognitive, social, and emotional 

development. The first aim of this project is to 

examine how three broadly defined aspects of parental 

resources – economic status, family structure, and 

parental health (both mental and physical) – are related 

to each other. The second is to study how parental 

resources affect the quality of parenting (discipline, 

warmth, supervision, and cognitive stimulation) and 

material resources (e.g., home learning materials, food 

security, neighborhood safety, and access to medical 

care) that children receive. Finally, the researchers are 

examining how all of these “inputs,” in turn, affect 

children’s outcomes. A specific “case study” is on the 

determinants of childhood obesity, a preventable child 

health outcome that is the precursor of adult obesity. 

The study utilizes newly collected data from the Fragile 

Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a new survey that 

follows birth cohorts of 3,675 children born to unwed 

parents, and 1,125 children born to married parents, 

from 20 U.S. cities in 15 states, from birth to age four. 

A key advantage of this survey is that it tracks and 

collects information from fathers, including those who 

do not live with their children. Using the Fragile 

Families data, it is possible to study the role of fathers 

in children’s health and developmental outcomes. The 

project also uses data from other surveys, including the 

Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the National 

Health Interview Survey. The results of this research 

provide valuable information on the determinants of 

children’s wellbeing, and the mechanisms through 

which parental resources affect children’s outcomes.


Visiting Fellows 

The Center for Health and Wellbeing (CHW) hosts 

visiting researchers each year and also has a postdoctoral 

fellows program. CHW supports researchers from a 

variety of disciplines who work on the multiple aspects 

of health and wellbeing in both developed and developing 

countries. Visitors usually spend an academic year or a 

semester in residence at Princeton, during which time 

they conduct research and participate in conferences, 

seminars, and other CHW events. Visitors have the 

opportunity to teach in the Woodrow Wilson School. 

In collaboration with the Robert Wood Johnson 

Foundation, CHW runs a program for postdoctoral 

researchers and recent graduates of the Woodrow 

Wilson School. These CHW-RWJF fellows divide their 

time between RWJF and CHW and work on research, 

policy analysis, and policy dissemination activities. 

Teaching 

One of CHW’s goals is to expand the Woodrow Wilson 

School’s graduate-level teaching program in health and 

health policy. The major vehicle for doing this is the 

Certificate in Health and Health Policy (HHP), which 

graduate students earn by completing four courses – two 

required courses and two electives – on health-related 

topics. The HHP Certificate is directed by Elizabeth 

Armstrong, a medical sociologist who is affiliated with 

CHW and OPR. The HHP program sponsors a set of 

courses open to graduate students, as well as brown bag 

lunches and career panels for students. 

Conferences and Seminars 

CHW sponsors a research seminar series and a number 

of conferences each year. In 2005-06, it sponsored 20 

seminars and two conferences on different aspects of 

HIV/AIDS. The first, titled “Rallying the Research for 

Response: HIV/AIDS at the Nexus of Science and 

Public Policy,” brought together prominent scientists 

working on HIV prevention and treatment. Robert 

Gallo, who co-discovered the AIDS virus, gave the 

keynote address. The conference also featured a student 

poster presentation. The second conference, “The 

Politics and Policy of HIV/AIDS in the Developing 

World,” examined global, national, and local responses 

to the pandemic. 

For more information about CHW, see 

http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~chw/. 


15

C ENTER FOR M IGRATION AND D EVELOPMENT 

16 

The Center for Migration and Development, established 

in 1998 with a founding grant from the Woodrow 

Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, is 

under the directorship of Alejandro Portes and is part 

of the Department of Sociology at Princeton University. 

The CMD promotes scholarship, original research, and 

intellectual exchange among faculty and students with 

an interest in international migration and national 

development. Of particular interest to CMD research 

is the relationship between immigrant communities in 

the developed world and the growth and development 

prospects of the sending nations. The Center provides 

a venue for regular scholarly dialogue about migration 

and development; serves as a catalyst for collaborative 

research on these topics; promotes connections with 

other Princeton University programs, as well as with 

other neighboring institutions where scholars are 

conducting research in these fields; hosts workshops and 

lectures focusing on the many aspects of international 

migration and national development; sponsors awards 

for international travel and research; provides fellowship 

opportunities at Princeton for scholars with interests in 

these areas; enhances course offerings during regular terms 

for interested graduate and undergraduate students; 

maintains and makes available a data archive of unique 

studies on the field of migration; and disseminates the 

findings of recent research through its Working Paper 

Series. The CMD Executive Committee for 2005 

included Alejandro Portes, Miguel Centeno, Douglas S. 

Massey, Amaney Jamal, and Margarita Mooney. 

Princeton University faculty affiliates included Mitchell 

Duneier, Thomas Espenshade, Jeffrey Herbst, Patricia 

Fernández-Kelly, Alan Krueger, Scott Lynch, Katherine 

Newman, Christina Paxson, Germán Rodríguez, Mario 

Small, and Marta Tienda; Rutgers University faculty 

affiliates included Jozsef Borocz, Angelique Haugerud, 

Donald Light, and Daniel Tichenor; University of 

California faculty affiliates included Wayne Cornelius, 

Rubén Rumbaut, and Min Zhou; and University of 

Texas faculty affiliate was Bryan Roberts. 

Research Initiatives 

(1) Latin American Urbanization in the Late Twentieth 

Century: A Comparative Study. In cooperation with the 

Population Research Center of the University of Texas- 

Austin and with support from the Andrew W. Mellon 

Foundation, CMD conducted a comparative project on 


Latin American Urbanization during the late twentieth 

century. The study traced the evolution of key aspects 

of Latin American urban systems during the last two 

decades and compared these results with those of an 

earlier project on the same topic conducted at the end 

of the period of import-substitution industrialization in 

the region. Six research monographs on different Latin 

American countries and two synthetic papers have been 

produced by this project. Seminars in Buenos Aires, 

Montevideo, and Austin were conducted in the course 

of the study, and scholars from Argentina, Brazil, 

Uruguay, and Mexico who were project collaborators 

were hosted as fellows by the Center. 

(2) The Second Generation in Early Adulthood. With 

support from the National Science Foundation and the 

Russell Sage Foundation, CMD hosted the continuing 

analysis of data from the Children of Immigrants 

Longitudinal Study (CILS), the largest study of the 

immigrant second generation to date. Under the direction 

of Alejandro Portes and Rubén Rumbaut of the University 

of California, Irvine, the project assembled a series of 

reports on different aspects of the second generation 

adaptation based on data from CILS’ final survey. 

(3) Comparative Immigrant Entrepreneurship Project 

(CIEP). Conducted with support from the National 

Science Foundation, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 

and the Ford Foundation, this project was completed 

with a series of articles published in leading specialized 

and disciplinary journals. The CIEP survey, the only 

source of quantitative data to date on immigrant 

transnational economic and political activities, is 

available through CMD’s data bank 

(http://cmd.princeton.edu/data.shtml). 

(4) Comparative Immigrant Organizations Project 

(CIOP). Supported by a grant from the MacArthur 

Foundation, this study assembled an inventory of all 

transnational organizations created by Dominican, 

Colombian, and Mexican immigrants on the United 

States east coast and interviewed 90 of its leaders, 

30 per immigrant nationality. Project staff visited each 

country of origin to interview the counterparts of 

immigrant transnational organizations, as well as sending 

country government officials in charge of relations 

with their respective expatriate communities. The data 

collection phase of this project, led by Portes and CMD


research associate Cristina Escobar, has been completed. 

A summary report bearing the principal results from the 

study will be published in the International Migration 

Review in early 2007. A new phase of this project was 

recently launched. With support from the Russell Sage 

Foundation, CIOP will now inventory all immigrant 

organizations (whether transnational or not) created by 

Colombians, Dominicans, and Mexicans in the United 

States and interview a representative sample of their 

leaders and members. The first phase of the project 

sought to establish the effects of immigrant transnational 

organizations on the development of sending countries 

and regions. The new phase will examine the effects of 

all types of organizations on the political incorporation 

of immigrants to American society. 

(5) Institutions and Development. With support from 

the Princeton Institute for International and Regional 

Studies (PIIRS), the CMD has launched a new research 

initiative on the concept of institutions and its bearing 

on the process of national development. A theoretical 

paper on the concept of institutions and its relationship 

to other aspects of social structure will be published 

in Population and Development Review in 2006 by 

Alejandro Portes. The empirical study consists of an 

analysis and extensive report on three “real existing 

institutions” in three Latin American countries, selected 

for their strategic differences in size, developmental 

trajectories, and alleged quality of their states. The 

postal service, the stock exchange, and the airport 

authority are the institutions selected for study in each. 

Training and Dissemination 

Affiliates of the Center teach courses in international 

migration, urbanization and development, and 

immigration, ethnicity, and public policy. These courses 

are integrated into the Urban Studies Program, organized 

and developed by Douglas Massey. The Center 

hosts conferences and seminars on strategic aspects of 

immigration and development. A key characteristic of 

these events is that they have not been self-contained, 

but have resulted in publications of broader diffusion. 

CMD also sponsors a Colloquium Series featuring guest 

speakers and Princeton faculty who present the latest 

results from their research on relevant projects. The 

presentations are followed by a question-and-answer 

period and a reception, giving an opportunity for all 

interested faculty and students in Sociology, Woodrow 

Wilson School, and the other social sciences to mix, 

meet the speakers, and discuss issues of common 

interest. This is one of the most important ways in 

which CMD meets its mission for student training 

and dissemination of recent theoretical and empirical 

innovations in the fields of migration and development. 

In 2005, the Center continued its Workshop Series 

aimed at providing graduate students in Sociology, 

the Woodrow Wilson School, and visiting fellows an 

opportunity to present their work-in progress in a more 

relaxed, less formal environment than the Colloquium. 

The Workshop Series is organized and run by students; 

the CMD provides a budget for refreshments after each 

presentation and discussion. 

A recently inaugurated series of research briefs gives 

broader circulation to recent research results produced by 

CMD-affiliated faculty. Unlike the typical institutional 

newsletter, these briefs are not limited to providing news 

about CMD, but offer substantive new information on 

the fields that the Center covers. Depending on the specific 

subject matter, the briefs are entitled Points of Migration 

and Points of Development. They are circulated to 

hundreds of scholars and government officials 

nation-wide and internationally, and they are available 

on the CMD website. 

Conferences 

In 2005, the CMD sponsored two major conferences: 

1) A North-South Dialogue: Mexican and U.S. 

Perspectives on International Migration, co-sponsored 

by the Institute for Social Research, of the National 

Autonomous University of Mexico and held in Taxco, 

Mexico in January; and 2) NAFTA and Beyond: 

Alternative Disciplinary Perspectives in the Study of 

Global Trade and Development, co-sponsored by a 

number of Princeton centers and held at the University 

in December. As with past CMD-sponsored conferences, 

both events will result in book-length publications. 


17

Center for Migration and Development 

Fellows 

CMD occasionally hosts fellows who bring their own 

resources to work on topics of interest to Center faculty 

or who collaborate with the latter in research projects. 

This past year, CMD hosted the following visitors: 

Cristina Escobar, an assistant visiting professor at 

Temple University, collaborated with Alejandro Portes 

on the project on Transnational Organization and 

Development. Escobar recently completed a study of 

Colombian immigrant organizations in New Jersey, 

New York, and Philadelphia. 

Akihiro Koido, an associate professor of sociology, 

Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan, came to 

Princeton as a Fulbright Fellow to continue his research 

on the in-bond (maquiladora) industry on the U.S.- 

Mexico border and its evolution under the impact of 

Chinese competition. 

Donald Light, a professor of social and behavioral sciences, 

University of Medicine of New Jersey, is a world-renowned 

authority on health and medicine. Light was re-appointed 

as a visiting fellow in 2004-05 to pursue a new initiative 

on Immigration and the U.S. Health System. 

Summer Research Support 

From its core budget, CMD has offered a program of 

summer research awards for projects dealing with the 

substantive fields that it covers. Grants of up to $5,000 

have been offered to graduate students in the Woodrow 

Wilson School, Sociology, and other social sciences and 

to Sociology and WWS faculty working in these areas. 

Awards granted to faculty and graduate students for the 

summer of 2005 were as follows: 

Miguel Centeno, Professor of Sociology: “Visualizing 

Globalization.” 

Sara Curran, Assistant Professor of Sociology: 

“Migration, Development and Inequality: Uncovering 

the Black Box of Cumulative Causation.” 

Patricia Fernández-Kelly, Senior Lecturer, Department 

of Sociology and Office of Population Research: “The 

Moral Universe of Fabian Garramon: Religion and 

Spirituality among Second Generation Immigrants.” 

Adriana Abdenur, Department of Sociology: “The State 

and Class Conflict: Mediating Urban Land Use in Brazil.” 

Rina Agarwala, Department of Sociology: “From Work 

to Welfare: Informal Workers’ Organizations and the 

State in India.” 

Sarah Chartock, Department of Politics: 

“Ethnodevelopment in Latin America: The Changing 

Model of Ethnicity and Targeted Policy in Ecuador, 

Peru, and Guatemala.” 

Eric Mobrand, Department of Politics: “Moving against 

the State: How Rural-Urban Migrants Undermined 

Officialdom in Sichuan and South Korea.” 

Gabriel Montero, Department of Sociology: “Informal 

Transportation: Lima’s Political Mobilization of 

Transport Workers.” 

Prerna Singh, Department of Politics: “Staying Alive: 

A Comparative Analysis of Social Development in India.” 

For further information about the Center for Migration 

and Development, see their website at 

http://cmd.princeton.edu/. 

18 


OPR FINANCIAL 

S UPPORT 

The Office of Population Research gratefully acknowledges 

the generous support provided by the following public and 

private agencies: 

Federal Government Agencies 

Department of Justice 

• Investigating Prisoner Reentry: The Impact of Conviction 

Status on the Employment Status of Young Men 

National Institutes of Health 

• Biodemography of Health, Social Factors, and Life Challenge 

• Center for Research on Experience and Well Being 

• Community Empowerment for Malaria Control in Africa 

• Demographic Models of Multiracial Population Growth 

• Economic Status, Public Policy and Child Neglect 

• Explanations of Racial Disparities in Active Life 

• Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing 

• Gender and Social Capital among U.S. Dominicans 

and Mexicans 

• Graduate Program in Demography 

• Health and Socioeconomic Status of Immigrants in the 

U.S. 

• Infrastructure for Population Research at Princeton 

• Parental Resources and Child Wellbeing 

• Population Research Center - Demography 

(NIH Training Grant) 

• Poverty, Inequality and Health in Economic Development 

• Public Use Data on Mexican Immigration 

• Princeton Center for the Demography of Aging 

• The Relationship between College Education and Health 

• Social Capital and Day Care Centers 

National Science Foundation 

• Collaborative Research: College Choice and the 

Texas 10% Policy 

• Discrimination in Low Wage Labor Markets: 

An Audit for New York City 

• Doctoral Dissertation Research: From Migrant Social 

Capital to Community Development: A Relational 

Account of Migration, Remittance, and Inequality 

• Temporal, Institutional and Cross-Sectional Dynamics 

of Attention to Disease in the Public Arena 

The New York City Commission on Human Rights 

• Discrimination in Low Wage Labor Markets: An Audit 

for New York City 

Foundations and Private Organizations 

Columbia University 

• Child Neglect Study 

Emory University 

• Revolution and World Society: The Effects of World- 

Systemic Dynamics on Patterns of Revolutions Since 1500 

Family Health International 

• Analysis of Study of Bleeding Patterns after Use of 

Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraceptive Pills 

Ford Foundation 

• Campus Life in America Student Survey 

• Higher Educational Opportunity: Texas College 

Enrollments Before and After Hopwood 

• Higher Educational Opportunity – Phase II: Texas College 


The Fund for New Jersey 

• Fragile Families in Newark 

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation 

• The American Society of Emergency Contraception 



• The Socioeconomic and Demographic Consequences of 

Mexico – U.S. Migration 

• Support for the Office of Population Research 

• Changes in Sexual Activity in Africa 

International Center for Research on Women 

• Research for Policy Action: Adolescents and 

Migration in Thailand 

Healthcare Fund NJ 


The Leon Lowenstein Foundation 

• Future of Children 

• Visiting Professor Position at the Bendheim-Thoman 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing 

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 


• Fetal Personhood: The Raw Edge of Obstetrical Practice 

and Ethics 


OPR Financial Support 

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation 

• Creating Venues for Research Results about Population, 

Consumption, and Environment Interactions in Coastal Areas 

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 

• The Composition Project 

• Urbanization and Internal Migration in LDCs: Health 

and Environmental Consequences 



• A Follow-up Survey of Texas High School Students 

• The National Longitudinal Survey of Freshman 

The David and Lucille Packard Foundation 


Partners in Health 

• UN Malaria Task Force 


• Endowment and scholarship support for the Program 

in Population Studies 

• General research and teaching support 

Presbyterian Committee on the Self-Development of People 

• Inside-out: Prisoners Rebuilding Lives 

Public Private Ventures (PPV) 

• The Children’s Future Baseline Community Survey (RWJ) 

The Rand Corporation 

• New Immigrant Survey (NIH) 

Reproductive Health Technologies 

• Support for the Emergency Contraception Hotline 

Russell Sage Foundation 

• Consequences of the New Inequality 

• Supplement to Transnational Identities Project 

• The Princeton Working Group on Inequality 

• Polarization, Inequality, and Public Policy in the 

American States 

The Schumann Fund NJ 


The Spencer Foundation 

• Higher Educational Opportunity in Texas: The Top 10% 

Plan in the Shadows of Hopwood – Grutter and Gratz 

Swiss Tropical Institute 

• Urban Malaria in Africa 

(Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) 

The University of California at Berkeley 

• Biological Clocks for Men (NIH) 

University of Michigan 

• Families, Communities, and Youth Outcomes in South 

Africa (NIH) 

University of Wisconsin 

• MIDUS II Project: Integrative Pathways to Health and 

Illness (NIH) 

20 


OPR LIBRARY 

For any research center to function effectively, scholars 

need to be supported in their work by other professionals 

who carry out the ancillary activities that facilitate excellent 

research. Highly skilled information retrieval specialists 

and excellent libraries provide the expertise and resources 

that are required for faculty and researchers to function 

in today’s increasingly complex information environment. 

Nancy Pressman Levy is the new director of the Stokes 

Library, following the departure of Jackie Druery, who 

returned to a position in her home country of Canada. 

Pressman Levy has a background in Near Eastern and 

African studies and has worked at the Princeton 

University Library as a reference and instruction 

librarian for many years. 

In the Ansley J. Coale Population Research Collection 

at Stokes Library, Joann Donatiello and Elana Broch 

are the population research librarians. They provide 

research assistance, training, selection of material, and 

delivery of printed sources as well as electronic documents, 

and they offer cutting edge information services in 

many formats in a timely and efficient manner. Michi 

Nakayama, special collections assistant and a longtime 

member of the staff, provides efficient and knowledgeable 

support services. 

The Stokes Library, within which the Coale Collection 

is housed, has a total staff of 3 librarians and 5 support 

staff. The library has ample room for study and research, 

with tables and quiet study areas that are completely 

networked and wired to accommodate the use of laptop 

computers. In addition, the library was the first library 

on campus to offer wireless network communication – 

a service that has become very popular. Printing and 

photocopying facilities are available. The Library also 

has three collaborative study rooms. These rooms are 

designed for groups of students and/or faculty to 

work on various projects. The Library also houses an 

instructional classroom with 12 student workstations 

and an instructor’s workstation. The room is available 

for classes conducted by Library staff for the Princeton 

University community. The classroom is also used for 

computer workshops held by the Office of Population 

Research, the Woodrow Wilson School, the Sociology 

Department, and other units of the University Library 

system. The classroom computers are available to 

Library users when not reserved for class sessions. 

The Stokes Library is a member of the Association of 

Population Libraries and Information Centers. The 

association is an extensive network of demography 

libraries across the country and provides for timely 

interlibrary loans of journal articles and books and 

opportunities for staff development and networking. 

The Library is one of the few academic institutions 

participating in this organization, and it provides 

APLIC members with access to the unique resources 

housed in the collection. Both Elana Broch and Joann 

Donatiello are active members of APLIC. In addition, 

Donatiello is a member of the Board of Directors of 

APLIC through 2007, thus ensuring that Princeton 

University and OPR are playing an active role in the 

work of the association. 

The Coale Population Research Collection at Princeton 

University is one of the world’s oldest and most 

renowned. There are many publications in the category 

of “grey literature” in the collection that have only been 

accessible through a card catalog, and thus not known to 

researchers around the world. Materials in this category 

include working papers, unpublished conference papers, 

research institute publications, non-governmental 

organization and government publications. Many of the 

publications were published in limited quantities and in 

their original languages. Joann Donatiello has been 

working on a project to maximize access to these materials, 

both at Princeton University, as well as the international 

research community, by adding information about the 

materials to the Princeton University Library online catalog 

and to RLIN and OCLC – both international catalogs 

that are searched by academics and researchers worldwide. 

Creating electronic records increases the likelihood that 

they will be aware of and know where to obtain these 

valuable research documents. Particularly for countries 

with few resources, this is invaluable. Researchers may 

request a loan of the materials, or in many cases, they 

can be scanned and distributed electronically. To date, 

records have been created for 1,500 items. When the 

first phase of the project is complete, records will have 

been created for 3,500 items. The project is funded by 

the Office of Population Research and the Princeton 

University Library. 

Elana Broch worked closely in 2005 with the graduate 

students and the director of the graduate program to 

ensure that the Library provides instruction and training 

at the point of need for graduate students. Broch and 


21

OPR Library 

22 

Donatiello met with the students to provide a general 

orientation and then again at the point when they 

began their research for their independent papers and 

their dissertations. 

A project undertaken in 2004 to catalog the materials of 

the World Fertility Survey, including occasional papers, 

scientific reports, annual reports, technical bulletins, 

comparative studies, and basic documentation was 

completed in 2005. The documentation for all data 

files, tapes, and data cartridges, including questionnaires, 

codebooks, and printed tabulations of frequency distributions, 

is sent to Princeton University Library’s off-site 

storage facility where they can be kept in climate controlled 

conditions but can still be retrieved within one 

day if needed. 

The Coale Collection continues to be one of the world’s 

renowned population collections, numbering over 40,000 

bound volumes as well as more than 17,000 locally 

cataloged reprints, technical reports, manuscripts, working 

and discussion papers from other centers of population 

study, and more than 300 journals. The Library continually 

acquires new books, reports, documents, journals and 

other research materials for the collection; these new 

acquisitions facilitate research on the various projects 

conducted by OPR users. Approximately 1,200 items 

are added annually. The subjects covered include vital 

statistics, censuses, general works about demography, 

population policy, immigration, family planning, child 

welfare, and public health. Sixty percent of the collection 

consists of statistical materials (censuses and vital statistics) 

from all over the world. A microform collection of 

approximately 3,300 microfilms and 2,000 microfiche 

consists primarily of U.S. and international censuses. A 

microfilm/fiche reader is available, and print copies can 

be made. 

A wide range of electronic resources is used by researchers, 

graduate and undergraduate students, and librarians in 

reference work at the Stokes Library. POPLINE and 

Population Index Online, the primary demographic 

databases, are used extensively. Additional electronic 

tools of importance to researchers include the Library’s 

Main Catalog, which provides access to books, journal 

titles, government reports, and a wide variety of other 

scholarly material owned by the Library; major research 

catalogs of holdings, including OCLC’s Worldcat and 

the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago, and other 


relevant databases. Other electronic resources of interest 

to OPR include Sociological Abstracts, ISI Web of 

Science, EconLit, ScienceDirect, Psychinfo, PubMed, 

PAIS, and the Cochrane Library, which is a collection of 

medical databases covering the effects of interventions 

in health care. 

Three new databases of significance to OPR that are now 

accessible are SocINDEX, a full-text database covering 

sociology journals, books, and conference proceedings; 

Global Health, a database providing access to materials 

on healthcare, biomedical life sciences, sexual and 

reproductive health, communicable and noncommunicable 

diseases and more; and Historical 

Statistics of the United States Millennial Edition. 

This resource, which covers the colonial period to 2000, 

provides statistical information on subjects ranging 

from population and land area to production figures 

for crops and manufactured products. 

The Library provides document delivery services 

through Medline, CISTI, British National Library, and 

Princeton’s own collections. Articles needed on an urgent 

basis may be ordered rush and delivered electronically 

to the desktop. Borrow Direct is a service that allows 

faculty and researchers to request books directly from 

the libraries at Yale, Brown, University of Pennsylvania, 

Cornell, Dartmouth, and Columbia. The books are 

delivered to the requestor’s mailbox on campus within 

four business days – much faster than traditional 

interlibrary loan. In addition to Borrow Direct, the 

Stokes Library offers the ‘Library Express’ service. This 

program provides for the rapid delivery of books owned by 

Princeton University Library to the mailboxes of OPR 

constituents. 

Additional services provided to OPR’s researchers include 

research consultations and reference assistance, a selective 

dissemination of information service whereby information 

is distributed based on researchers’ individual profiles, 

the distribution of tables of contents from journals 

specifically designated by each researcher, and individual 

and group training sessions on various information 

resources. Finally, Population Research librarians review 

the latest books acquired by the Library on a weekly 

basis and alert OPR faculty to those titles that are of 

particular interest to their areas of research. 

For more information on the Coale Collection, please 

see http://opr.princeton.edu/library.

OPR SEMINARS 

As in years past, OPR staff and students spoke on research 

in progress to acquaint their associates with their current 

work. The Frank W. Notestein Memorial Fund continues 

to make possible the participation of distinguished outside 

lecturers in the seminar series. The following seminars 

took place during the 2005 calendar year: 

• Greg Duncan, “Empathy or Antipathy: The Effects of 

Diversity” February 1, 2005 

• James Holland Jones, “Health Disparities and 

Epidemic Thresholds: Implications for Defense 

against Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections” 

February 15, 2005 

• Rachel Kimbro, “Intergenerational Differences in 

Health Behaviors for Mexican-Americans: The Role of 

Culture and Cohesion” February 22, 2005 

• Jennifer Hill, “Maternal Employment and Child 

Development: A Fresh Look Using Newer Methods” 

March 8, 2005 

• Susan Watkins, “Navigating the AIDS Epidemic in 

Rural Malawi” March 22, 2005 

• Wolfgang Lutz, “The Demography of Human Capital 

Formation: Adding Education to Age and Sex, Adding 

Quality to Quantity in the Study of Human 

Population Dynamics” March 28, 2005 

• Mark VanLandingham, “Migration and Health among 

the Vietnamese” March 29, 2005 

• Kathryn Edin, “Why Poor Women Put Motherhood 

before Marriage” April 5, 2005 

• Noreen Goldman and Cassio Turra, “Biomarkers, 

Stress and Health: New Findings and Plans for the 

Second Wave of the Taiwan Study” April 12, 2005 

• Cristian Pop-Eleches, “The Impact of a Change in 

Abortion Regime on Socio-Economic Outcomes of 

Children: Evidence from Romania” April 18, 2005 

• Sara Jaffee, “Nature x Nurture: The Interplay of 

Genes and Environments in the Development of 

Children’s Conduct Problems” April 19, 2005 

• John Cawley, “The Competitive Effects of 

Prescription Drug Withdrawals, 1997-2001” 

September 20, 2005 

• Jaap Dronkers, “Stability and Change in the Effects of 

Female Educational Attainment on the Risk of Union 

Dissolution: A Comparison of Seventeen Countries” 

September 27, 2005 

• Anna Aizer, “Wages, Violence and Health in the 

Household” October 4, 2005 

• Kenneth Wachter, “Biodemography: Progress, Puzzles 

and Math” October 11, 2005 

• Ted Mouw, “Occupational Specific Human Capital 

and Mobility out of Working Poverty” October 18, 2005 

• Douglas Almond, “The Long-Run and Intergenerational 

Impact of Poor Infant Health: Evidence from Cohorts 

Born During the Civil Rights Era” October 24, 2005 

• Tomas Frejka, “Contemporary Fertility Trends in the 

Developed Countries: Further Decline, Plateau or 

Upswing” October 25, 2005 

• Robert Sampson, “Moving Up Trajectories of Change 

in Children’s Exposure to Neighborhood Advantage” 

November 8, 2005 

• Lisa Berkman, “The Health Effects of Work/Family 

Conflict: From Observation to Policy” 


• Gyanendra Badgaiyan, “Computing Accurate Stable 

Population Rate of Growth with Limited Data: 

A New Approach” November 22, 2005 

• Aaron Olaf Gullickson, “Black/Mulatto Occupational 

Differentiation at the Dawn of Jim Crow” 


• Lincoln Quillian, “Race and Biases in Perceptions of 

Criminal Victimization” December 6, 2005 

• Rucker Johnson, “The Effects of Male Incarceration 

Dynamics on AIDS Infection Rates among African- 

American Women and Men” December 13, 2005 


23

OPR RESEARCH 

24 

Children and Families 

Sara McLanahan and Maureen Waller (Cornell University) 

use couple-level data from the Fragile Families and 

Child Wellbeing Study to investigate factors associated 

with unmarried parents’ expectations about marriage 

and the association between their expectations and 

subsequent union transitions. In most couples, both 

partners expect to marry, and their shared expectations 

are the strongest predictor of marriage and separation 

following their child’s birth. Although men’s expectations 

are somewhat more consequential for union transitions 

than women’s, marriage and relationship stability are 

more likely when at least one parent expects to marry. 

Factors such as children from previous relationships, 

distrust, conflict, and shared activities are also associated 

with union transitions. Findings about how expectations 

and other factors relate to marriage and separation may 

inform new marriage promotion initiatives. 


◆ 

McLanahan, Christina Gibson (Duke University) and 

Kathryn Edin (University of Pennsylvania) examine why 

low-income, unmarried parents who say that they plan 

to marry at the time their child is born do not follow 

through on their plans. Using both quantitative data 

from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, 

combined with data from an embedded qualitative study – 

Time, Love, Cash, Caring, and Children (n = 47) – they 

explore the reasons behind this apparent discrepancy. 

They find that some of the difference between parents’ 

expectations and behavior may be because of the overstatement 

of intentions at the time of the birth. Most of 

the discrepancy, however, results from parents’ perceived 

social and economic barriers to marriage. Specifically, 

unmarried parents have a long list of financial and 

relationship prerequisites they believe must be met in 

order for them to wed. Combined with other factors, these 

standards lead to an indeterminate delay in marriage. 

◆ 

Sara McLanahan, Elisabeth Donahue, and Ron Haskins 

(Brookings Institute) co-edited a volume of The Future 

of Children that lays out the major issues in the debate 

over marriage and provides readers with some facts and 

a context to understand and interpret the economic, 

demographic, and social influences on marriage and the 

effects of marriage on the wellbeing of children. 

Questions addressed in the volume include: 1) What are 

the benefits to children of growing up with two married 

parents 2) What should the role of government be in 

the promotion of marriage 3) What is the best way to 

increase marriage rates, especially for low-income families 

4) Is it better to focus on changing attitudes, life styles, 

and interpersonal skills or on reducing penalties to marriage 

in the nation’s tax and transfer systems 5) What can be 

done to ensure that federal and state policymakers do 

not fund marriage-promotion programs by reducing 

benefits to single-parent families and 6) Will allowing 

gays and lesbians to marry help or hurt child wellbeing 

◆ 

Cecilia Rouse (Economics), Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and 

Sara McLanahan co-edited an issue of The Future of 

Children that shines the spotlight on school readiness. 

The articles in the issue address several questions: 

1) How large are the racial and ethnic gaps in school 

readiness 2) How much of the gap is due to differences 

in children’s socioeconomic background or to genetics 

3) How much do disadvantages like poor health, poor 

parenting, low-quality preschool child care, and low 

birth weight contribute to the gaps 4) What lessons 

can we learn from new research on brain development 

and 5) What do we know about what works and what 

does not work in closing the gaps The questions elicit 

complex answers from the authors of the eight articles 

in the issue, but the message of the volume is that, 

taken together, family socioeconomic status, parenting, 

child health, maternal health and behaviors, and 

preschool experiences likely account for most of the 

racial and ethnic gaps in school readiness. 

◆ 

McLanahan, along with Radha Jagannathan (Rutgers 

University) and Michael Camasso (Rutgers University), 

examined the impact of New Jersey’s welfare reform on 

child fostering among children on welfare. Their results 

show that impacts of New Jersey’s Family Development 

Program (FDP) are confined to children of short-term 

welfare recipients (new cases) but exist among both 

African-American and white children in this welfare 

group. Among new cases, FDP decreases the probability 

of African-American children living in foster families, 

resulting in a 28 percent change from the baseline 

prevalence rate of 7.2 percent. In contrast, FDP increases 

the likelihood of white children living in foster families, 

leading to a 70 percent change from the baseline 

occurrence rate of 1.4 percent.


◆ 

McLanahan, with Kristen Harknett (University of 

Pennsylvania), Irv Garfinkel (Columbia University) and 

Jay Bainbridge (Columbia University), utilized variation 

across the 50 U.S. states to examine the relationship 

between public expenditures on children and child 

outcomes. They find that public expenditures on children 

are related to better child outcomes across a wide range 

of indicators, including measures of child mortality, 

elementary school test scores, and adolescent behavioral 

outcomes. States that spend more on children have 

better child outcomes even after taking into account a 

number of potential confounding influences. Their 

results are robust to numerous variations in model 

specifications and to the inclusion of proxies for unobserved 

characteristics of states. Sensitivity analyses suggest that 

the results they present may be conservative, yet the 

findings reveal a strong relationship between state 

generosity toward children and children’s wellbeing. 

◆ 

Jean Knab and Kristen Harknett (University of 

Pennsylvania) examined how multi-partnered fertility 

(or having children with more than one partner) is 

affecting the social ties among U.S. families. Analyzing 

three waves of data from the Fragile Families study, they 

find that multi-partnered fertility is negatively associated 

with a mother’s perception of the availability of 

instrumental support, particularly financial support. 

They conclude that smaller and denser kin networks 

seem to be superior to broader but weaker kin ties in 

terms of perceived instrumental support. Their paper 

suggests that as a result of multi-partnered fertility, 

children may be losing access to valuable resources 

from social networks. Multi-partnered fertility occurs 

disproportionately among unmarried and African- 

American families. Therefore, a loss of perceived 

support resulting from multi-partnered fertility may 

contribute to growing racial inequality among children 

and inequality across family structures. Because multipartnered 

fertility decreases support and not having 

support is associated with future multi-partnered 

fertility, the relationship between perceived support 

and multi-partnered fertility may be self-reinforcing. 

◆ 

As part of a volume on the health effects of non-health 

policies sponsored by the National Poverty Center, Jean 

Knab, Sara McLanahan, and Irv Garfinkel (Columbia 

University) are examining the effects of welfare and child 

support policies on maternal health outcomes. Previous 

research indicates that welfare reform policies – work 

requirements, sanctions, and child support enforcement 

– had negative consequences for mothers’ health insurance 

coverage and use of health care service, but there is little 

evidence that these policies had negative effects on health. 

Their work examines the effects of post-reform welfare 

and child support policies on maternal health and health 

behavior using data from the Fragile Families and Child 

Wellbeing Study. Using evidence from OLS, fixed 

effects, and instrumental variables models, they find that 

policies that increase the likelihood of welfare participation 

are associated with increases in mothers’ drinking, food 

insecurity and, possibly, depression, and that policies 

that increase the likelihood of child support receipt are 

associated with increases in drinking, depression, and 

poorer overall health. Together the results indicate that 

welfare and child support policies do affect maternal 

health, primarily by affecting mothers’ mental health. 

◆ 

Michelle DeKlyen, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara McLanahan, 

and Jean Knab compared recent parents (married, 

cohabiting, not cohabiting but romantically involved, 

and not romantically involved) to examine the association 

between mental health problems and relationship status. 

They analyzed data from the Fragile Families and Child 

Wellbeing Study and found that unmarried parents 

reported more mental health and behavioral problems 

than married parents did, and unmarried parents whose 

relationships ended before the birth reported more 

impairment compared with other groups of unmarried 

parents. A substantial number of children are born to 

unmarried parents and are at risk for poor parenting 

and poor developmental outcomes. Government 

initiatives aimed at increasing marriage rates among 

low-income couples need to consider the mental health 

status of unmarried parents. 

◆ 

Mary Clare Lennon, a visiting scholar at the Center for 

Research on Child Wellbeing, worked on a study of the 

correlates and consequences of economic disadvantage 

during childhood. The project utilizes a new method 

for assessing economic disadvantage during childhood 

that simultaneously captures children’s overall levels of 

exposure to economic disadvantage as well as the timing 

and sequencing of their exposure. This new method, 

which takes advantage of recent advances in finite mixture 

modeling, uses a longitudinal latent class model to classify 

children into a limited number of groups with similar 


OPR Research 

26 

histories of exposure to family economic disadvantage. 

Lennon and colleagues used this approach to examine 

the association of childhood economic disadvantage to 

2 sets of outcomes: 1) achievement in early adulthood; 

and 2) educational performance and health status during 

middle childhood. They find that extended exposure to 

economic deprivation during childhood is least favorable 

to all of these outcomes but that the timing and 

sequencing of poverty is also important. 

◆ 

Lennon also worked with another visiting scholar to 

CRCW, Nancy Reichman (Columbia University), and 

Julien Teitler (Columbia University) on a new project 

using Fragile Families data that will describe the physical 

and mental health trajectories of unmarried urban parents 

and the health trajectories of their children during the 

child’s first five years of life and explore the roles of 

cumulative family experiences (e.g., relationship changes, 

care-giving burden, social support) as potential 

mechanisms underlying associations between age 

and health within the relatively disadvantaged Fragile 

Families population. In addition, they will examine 

the extent to which physical and social environments 

shape parents’ and children’s health trajectories. 

◆ 

Nancy Reichman and Julien Teitler (Columbia University) 

are augmenting the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing 

survey data by abstracting information from medical 

records and geocoding the addresses. They are using the 

enhanced data to conduct analyses of infant and child 

health. Reichman and colleagues Hope Corman (Rider 

University, NBER) and Kelly Noonan (Rider University, 

NBER) are using the enhanced Fragile Families data to 

estimate the effects of poor infant health on a broad 

array of family resources, including parents’ labor supply, 

public assistance participation, health insurance status, 

and criminal behavior. Reichman and colleagues 

Yolanda Padilla (University of Texas at Austin) and 

Robert Hummer (University of Texas at Austin) and 

others are using the augmented Fragile Families data to 

identify factors that influence the health and development 

of Mexican-American children from birth through age 

five in a comparative context with the non-Hispanic 

whites and non-Hispanic blacks. 

◆ 

Reichman and Teitler identified paternal age as a risk 

factor for low birthweight among urban, mostly unmarried 


parents. They found that teenage fathers were 30% less 

likely to have low birthweight babies and older fathers 

were 70% more likely to have low birthweight babies 

than fathers age 20-34. The associations between paternal 

age and low birth weight were as large as those between 

maternal age and low birthweight. They speculated that 

the paternal age effect is due to “weathering” or accelerated 

declines in health status among socioeconomically 

disadvantaged men that compromises the health of their 

offspring. Reichman and Lenna Nepomnyaschy (Columbia 

University) examined the association between low 

birthweight and childhood asthma and found that although 

very little of the strong association can be explained by 

an extensive set of demographic, socioeconomic, medical, 

behavioral, and neighborhood characteristics, census 

tract-level rates of renter-occupied housing and vacancies 

were strong independent predictors of childhood asthma. 

Reichman, Corman, Noonan, and Dhaval Dave (Bentley 

College, NBER) evaluated the price responsiveness of 

prenatal illicit drug use, the effects of prenatal drug use 

on infant health, and sources of selection into prenatal 

behaviors (smoking, drug use, and prenatal care). 

◆ 

Marcia Carlson (Columbia University), a visitor at the 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing and the Office 

of Population Research during her sabbatical year, 

completed work on a paper on family structure, father 

involvement and adolescent behavioral outcomes. She 

also conducted her research using data from the Fragile 

Families and Child Wellbeing Study; these papers 

focused on the prevalence and correlates of multipartnered 

fertility, the links between couple relationship 

quality and parenting, and the predictors of fathers’ 

involvement with children following a nonmarital birth. 

◆ 

Mario Small studied whether and how childcare centers 

helped parents develop social networks and generate 

information about resources. He designed and collected 

most of the data for a large quantitative and qualitative 

study of childcare centers in New York City. Small and 

Laura Stark (Sociology) examined the distribution of 

childcare centers across neighborhoods of different 

poverty levels. A second work examined how childcare 

centers, as a result of their inter-organizational networks, 

allow parents to access the resources of multiple 

non-profits, businesses, and government agencies. 

This work will lead to a book on the functions of 

childcare centers as neighborhood institutions.


◆ 

Michelle DeKlyen’s current major research uses data 

from the Fragile Families Study to examine the 

strengths, risks, and needs of families with children 

born in Newark, NJ. In so doing, her project provides 

locally-relevant information typically unavailable from 

large-scale studies. Her findings were disseminated 

through an invitational forum and in meetings with 

other organizations and an advisory board, as well as a 

published report of the one year follow-up data, a 

research brief on language development, and a newly 

established website. Funds to support this project were 

secured from the Fund for New Jersey, the Schumann 

Fund for New Jersey and the Healthcare Foundation of 

New Jersey. Among the findings of this research were 

that children born in Newark hospitals are more likely 

to have low birth weights, to be diagnosed with asthma, 

and to be hospitalized overnight in their first year of life 

than are children born in the other 19 Fragile Families 

cities. At three years of age they have lower vocabulary 

scores and more behavior problems. Their parents are 

less likely to be married, have completed fewer years of 

education, and are more likely to live in poverty than 

parents in the comparison cities. Fathers are more likely 

to have been physically abusive to mothers and more 

likely to have been incarcerated, but they are also more 

likely to be actively involved with their children than 

are fathers in the other cities. Mothers who gave birth 

in Newark hospitals are more likely to be depressed, to 

be obese, and to smoke, but they are less likely to drink 

heavily than mothers in comparison cities. They are less 

likely to have participated in early intervention programs, 

but they are more likely to express interest in parenting 

programs than are mothers in the other cities. 

◆ 

Bruce Western directs a project on fatherhood and 

incarceration in Fragile Families. This project adds an 

incarceration module to the Fragile Families survey and 

is designed to improve estimates of the magnitude of 

labor market and family penalties for incarceration. In 

research with Len Lopoo (Syracuse), Western finds that 

unmarried men who have been incarcerated are less likely 

to get married. Among those who are married, ex-prisoners 

are at higher risk of divorce or separation. Although there 

is clear evidence for the disruptive effects of incarceration 

on marriage, the authors find that aggregate marriage rates 

have not been greatly affected by the novel prevalence 

of incarceration, because incarceration rates are highest 

among those with very low marriage rates – young 

African American men with low levels of schooling. 

Data and Methods 

Germán Rodríguez joined the ongoing debate regarding 

tempo effects in demography with a review of historical 

and recent developments in the field. He starts with 

Ryder’s seminal work on demographic translation, 

generalizing the classic results from fertility to the case 

of mortality and cross-sectional average life. He then 

moves on to a detailed examination of the Bongaarts- 

Feeney framework, showing how the underlying periodshift 

model can be motivated from an accelerated failure 

time perspective and emphasizing the fact that exactly 

the same formal model applies to both fertility and 

mortality. He shows that the newly-proposed adjusted 

measures of longevity turn out to reflect mortality in 

the past, so that under declining mortality, tempo-adjusted 

life expectancy is lower than the conventional measure 

simply because the cohort now at its mean age at death 

will not live as long as the cohort born today, and he 

explains why he remains skeptical of these adjustments. 

It is important to keep in mind in this debate that the 

concept of tempo distortion has evolved over time. 

Ryder’s original concern was that period sums (such as 

the total fertility rate) provide a distorted view of cohort 

sums (such as complete family size) when cohorts delay 

events (births), a well-established fact. Bongaarts and 

Feeney, however, claim that current period rates provide 

a distorted view of underlying period conditions when 

events are delayed, a distortion that is framed entirely in 

terms of periods and has nothing to do with cohorts. 

If mortality changes because of a period-shift resulting 

from increments to life, then part of the resulting 

decline in rates is temporary and could be viewed as 

a distortion to be corrected. However, if mortality 

changes because rates are reduced, for example as a 

result of causes of death being conquered, then the 

change is real and no correction is needed. Unfortunately, 

in a world where adult mortality is Gompertz, one 

cannot distinguish a shift in rates to older ages from a 

proportionate reduction at all adult ages. If mortality 

stopped declining, we would soon know which model is 

correct, as the increments-to-life framework predicts an 

increase in rates, but as Rodríguez notes, some may 

prefer to live longer with the uncertainty. 

◆ 

Rodríguez joined a multi-university research group led 

by Rebecca Ferrel and Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown 

University), and involving researchers at George 

Washington University and the University of Washington, 



28 

in a reanalysis of the classic Treloar data on menstrual 

cycle length. By using modern methods to control for 

censoring and selectivity in the analysis of longitudinal 

data, they were able to show that as women approach 

menopause, their menstrual cycle length increases later 

and to a greater degree than previously reported. The 

biases in previous analyses stemmed from misidentified 

menopause dates, the fact that menstrual cycles were 

classified by calendar year, and the exclusion of 

menstrual cycles straddling two calendar years. 

Rodríguez also worked with a group led by Rebecca 

Ferrel and Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown University) 

and including researchers at the University of Washington, 

George Washington University School of Medicine, and 

Pennsylvania State University, in an application of 

multi-level models to monitor reproductive aging. The 

study focused on menstrual cycle length and changes in 

steroid hormones, estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) and 

pregnanedio-3-glucuronide (PDG) using a 5-year 

prospective study. The results support generally-reported 

trends for E1G, PDG and cycle length, but provide 

more specific information on the extent to which 

individual trajectories can differ from aggregate-level 

summaries, and they stress the importance of collecting 

detailed information on women’s hormonal patterns 

when determining fertility or menopausal treatments. 

◆ 

Scott Lynch and J. Scott Brown (Miami University) 

published a paper in Sociological Methodology developing 

and demonstrating a Bayesian method to generate interval 

estimates of multi-state life table quantities from models 

with covariates. Recently, they have extended the method 

to handle independent cross-sectional data sets on 

health and mortality (paper under review at the Journal 

of the American Statistical Assocation). Among other 

methodological projects, Lynch is currently completing 

a book entitled An Introduction to Applied Bayesian 

Statistics and Modern Estimation Methods that should be 

published in 2006. Some of Lynch’s recent substantive 

work focuses in two primary areas: (1) the relationship 

between socioeconomic status and health across time; 

and (2) explanations for race differences in healthy life 

expectancy. He recently completed a paper examining 

the changing role of income in the education-health 

relationship that is forthcoming in the Journal of Health 

and Social Behavior, and he is currently completing a 

paper investigating the changing importance of years of 


schooling versus academic credentials in influencing 

health. In a project funded by the NICHD, he is using 

data from vital statistics and the National Health Interview 

Surveys from 1980 to 2002, applying the new method 

discussed above, to examine the changing role of income 

in explaining black-white differences in healthy life. 

◆ 

Bruce Western and Filiz Garip study a variety of goodness 

of fit statistics for hierarchical models. These statistics, 

often calculated from the output of Markov Chain 

Monte Carlo simulation, attempt to balance measures 

of fit with parametric complexity. These penalized fit 

statistics often prefer (biased) random effects models 

over (unbiased) fixed effects models, because the random 

effects models are more parsimonious. Use of the goodnessof-fit 

statistics is illustrated with clustered data on internal 

migration in Thailand. 

Health and Wellbeing 

Charles Westoff, with funding from the Hewlett 

Foundation, is working on an analysis of trends in sexual 

activity in sub-Saharan Africa and pursuing the interesting 

finding that sexual activity seems to be declining in 10 

countries in southern and eastern Africa but not in 

West Africa. The likelihood is that the difference is 

associated with the higher rates of HIV/AIDS in southern 

and eastern Africa. Westoff had explored changes in sexual 

activity in Africa based on a comparison of data for 

1998 and 2003 in Kenya. The overall analysis was 

prompted by the appearance of a stall in contraceptive 

prevalence over the five-year period. However, when 

contraceptive prevalence was measured for sexually 

active women (rather than for all women) there was no 

evidence of any stall – the proportion using contraception 

increased significantly, as had been expected. It turns 

out that there has been a decline in recent sexual 

activity. Detailed analyses indicate that recent sex (in the 

preceding four weeks) had declined by 8 percent for all 

women – a decline that was evident at all ages and 

marital statuses. Other evidence showed an increase in 

the median age at first sexual intercourse in Kenya from 

16.7 in 1998 to 17.8 by 2003. Kenya is one of the sub- 

Saharan African countries with a significant prevalence 

of HIV-AIDS, estimated from blood test data in the 

survey to be 9.7 percent in 2003 for women 15-49. 

These apparent changes in Kenya prompted Westoff to 

look at other African countries with high levels of HIV- 

AIDS that had conducted two or more recent surveys. 

These countries included Eritrea 1995-2002, Namibia 

1992-2000, Rwanda 1992-2000, Tanzania 1999-2004, 

Uganda 1995-2001, and Zambia 1996-2001. Recent


sexual activity was seen to decline in all six of these 

countries (ranging from 6-21 percent) as well as in 

Kenya. This was only a quick superficial observation 

but it was sufficiently suggestive and potentially 

important in public health terms to persuade Westoff 

to develop this grant to examine these trends in much 

greater detail. The basic research strategy is to examine 

trends in levels of sexual activity with various measures – 

the proportion reporting having had sex in the past four 

weeks, the percent of teenagers that never had sex, and 

age at first sex. These trends will be disaggregated by 

regions of the country and examined by age, marital 

status, urban-rural residence, and education. Since these 

surveys also include detailed coverage of attitudes and 

information about HIV-AIDS, sexual behavior will be 

analyzed in this context as well. An increasing number 

of the African surveys also now include blood tests for 

the disease. Superficial comparisons of sexual activity in 

other countries with a low prevalence of the disease do 

not seem to show the decline in sexual activity as in 

these countries. It is unlikely that these declines can be 

definitively connected to concerns about infection, but 

the trend has implications, whatever the cause, and is 

important to document. 

◆ 

Based on an update for 57 developing countries, 

Charles Westoff has determined that unmet need for 

family planning has declined recently in most of these 

countries except in sub-Saharan Africa where little 

change is evident in 15 of 23 countries with available 

trend data. In the least developed of these latter 

countries, there are significant proportions of married 

women who have never used a method and who report 

that they do not intend to use any. He also found that 

one reason for the higher fertility rate in the U.S. 

compared with Europe is the greater religiousness of 

Americans. In an analysis involving 34 European countries 

and the U.S., European women are observed to be less 

religious by any measure than American women. In 

both parts of the world, more religious women have 

higher fertility. The research tries to estimate how much 

European fertility would rise if they were as religious as 

American women. A small increase would be expected 

for Europe as a whole with a much higher increase for 

Western Europeans. 

◆ 

Westoff is also analyzing the impact of a family planning 

program intervention on the reduction of abortion in 

two cities in the country of Georgia. The analysis is 

based on CDC national surveys in 1999 and 2005 and 

an intervening survey in two cities by Johns Hopkins 

University following an extensive family planning program 

effort. Earlier research done by Westoff indicated that 

the adoption of modern contraception is reducing the 

abortion rate significantly in a large number of countries 

in eastern Europe and in Central Asia. In Georgia, a 

country with probably the highest abortion rate in the 

world, there is evidence of a more experimental nature 

that shows a major reduction of abortion with a family 

planning program introduced in two cities. 

◆ 

In collaboration with Marcia Caldas de Castro (Harvard 

University), Diana Sawyer (CEDEPLAR) and Roberto 

Monte Mor (CEDEPLAR), Burt Singer completed an 

analysis of malaria risk on the Amazon frontier over a 

period of 12 years, integrating data from ground-based 

longitudinal surveys, remote sensing, and ethnographic 

appraisal. This work provided the most in-depth 

characterization to-date of the interplay between physical 

environmental and social-behavioral factors as they relate 

to complex migration patterns, ecosystem transformation, 

and varying exposures to malaria transmission. Caldas 

de Castro and Singer continued their work on a project 

for urban malaria control in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 

collaboration with the Swiss Tropical Institute, the 

University of Durham (UK), and the Dar es Salaam 

City Council, sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates 

Foundation. The goal of the project is to demonstrate 

that monitoring, surveillance, adaptive implementation, 

and evaluation of appropriate packages of interventions 

can provide an effective urban malaria control program 

for African cities. The baseline data collection phase was 

launched in March 2004. 

◆ 

Juerg Utzinger, Marcel Tanner (Swiss Tropical Institute, 

STI), Singer and other colleagues completed the first 

spatially explicit characterization of risk of polyparasitism 

in the tropics, focused on schistosomiasis and hookworm 

in Côte d’Ivoire. This study utilized data from remote 

sensing, household surveys and, clinical diagnoses to 

construct risk maps that can serve as critical guides to 

the targeting of high risk villages for both treatment 

and prevention programs. Utzinger, Tanner, Singer, and 

other colleagues identified the metabolic signature of 

S.Japonicum infection in Syrian hamsters and T. Brucei 

brucei infection in mice, using NMR spectroscopy on 

urine samples and multivariate pattern recognition 

techniques. This work is being extended to metabolic 



30 

profiling of a multiplicity of intestinal parasites infecting 

human populations in western Côte d’Ivoire. NMR 

spectroscopy is, thus, providing the basis for high 

resolution diagnosis of multiple parasitic infections 

and facilitating new understanding of the pathogenesis 

of infectious diseases in the tropics. 

◆ 

Singer, in collaboration with Juerg Utzinger (STI), 

Carol Ryff (University of Wisconsin), and Elaine Homes 

(Imperial College, London) completed an extensive 

review paper on the potential of metabonomic analyses 

in large human population studies for the forthcoming 

Handbook of Metabonomics (edited by John Lindon, 

Elaine Holmes, and Jeremy Nicholson). This work 

made extensive use of the cross-talk between human 

and animal studies that are central to guiding the study 

of metabolic profiles associated with diverse patterns of 

life challenges/experiences. Related to this comprehensive 

overview, Singer collaborated with Holmes, Claire 

Teague (Imperial College, London), Firdaus Dhabhar 

(Stanford University), Bruce McEwen (Rockefeller 

University), and Jeremy Nicholson (Imperial College, 

London) on a study of metabolic profiling over time in 

rats exposed to both acute and chronic restraint stress 

paradigms. This was one of the first studies identifying 

metabolic signatures of psychological challenges. 

◆ 

Carol Ryff (University of Wisconsin) and Singer initiated 

longitudinal analyses of data from the MIDUS national 

survey, where both psychosocial and biomarker data 

collection is nearing completion on the 2003–2006 

assessments. Sub-samples of the MIDUS population are 

also being genotyped for studies of gene/environment 

interactions, utilizing the rich psychosocial information 

available in this study. 

◆ 

Singer, Utzinger (STI), Gary Krieger (Newfields, Inc.), 

and Olympia Moy and Dana Graef (Princeton students 

in Environmental Studies) carried out comparative 

analyses of health, social, and environmental impacts of 

the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in Laos and the 

historical experience of the Grand Coulee Dam in 

Washington state. This led to development of proposals 

for international standards and institutional bases for 

impact assessments of large scale economic development 

projects. This line of inquiry will be extensively pursued 

during the coming year. 


◆ 

James Trussell and Lisa Wynn continue their collaborative 

work with the Association of Reproductive Health 

Professionals (ARHP) on increasing public awareness of 

and access to emergency contraception. ARHP and the 

Office of Population Research sponsor the Emergency 

Contraception Hotline (1-888-NOT-2-LATE) and the 

Emergency Contraception Website (not-2-late.com). The 

Hotline provides detailed information about emergency 

contraception, as well as the phone numbers of five nearby 

clinicians who will provide emergency contraceptives in 

the United States. The Website contains more detailed 

information and the complete listing of providers. 

The Hotline is available in English and in Spanish. The 

website is available in English, Spanish, French, and 

Arabic. Since it was launched on February 14, 1996, 

the Hotline has received more than 600 thousand calls. 

The Website has received more than 3.0 million hits 

since it was launched in October 1994. 

◆ 

Trussell and Wynn have examined usage of and questions 

to not-2-late.com in order to understand the concerns 

of users. Specifically they analyze e-mails sent to the 

Emergency Contraception Website over the five-year 

period July 1999-June 2004 and report on the website’s 

most frequently viewed pages using Microsoft Site 

Server Analysis. Of the 7,022 e-mails received, 29% did 

not contain questions about EC. The remaining e-mails 

reveal that EC users are concerned with how to use EC 

(23%), side effects (21%), pregnancy (17%), whether 

EC is needed in a given situation (14%), EC access 

(8%), EC effectiveness (4%) and how EC works (3%). 

Analysis of website page visits shows that visitors were 

chiefly interested in how to use EC and how to interpret 

bleeding after EC use. The emails point to the need for 

further research on EC-related questions that cannot be 

answered with the extant medical literature but are of 

concern to patients, such as bleeding after EC use and 

sex that occurs shortly after taking ECPs. The language 

that writers use to express themselves reveals how users 

conceptualize their contraceptive and sexual health 

experiences. Many writers referred to sex with a 

hormonal contraceptive but not a barrier contraceptive 

as “unprotected sex,” suggesting that patients may be 

using terms that do not mean what medical professionals 

might expect. E-mails sent to the site also demonstrate 

the importance of alternative resources that provide 

accurate medical information for patients who are 

unable to access healthcare or to discuss certain subjects 

with their providers.


◆ 

With Lisa Wynn and Angel Foster and Aida Rouhana 

of Ibis Reproductive Health, James Trussell published 

an article discussing the politics of emergency 

contraception in the Arab world. Dedicated emergency 

contraceptive pills (ECPs) have been introduced to the 

Arab world only in the past five years, making emergency 

contraception (EC) a relatively new reproductive health 

technology in the region. To date, little is known about 

the acceptability and use of EC in the region. In an 

article published in Harvard Health Policy Review, the 

authors critically examine Western assumptions regarding 

the challenges to expanding EC access in the Arab world, 

and suggest that these assumptions reflect broader 

stereotypes about the status of women and reproductive 

health in the Arab world. Religion is far from a 

determining factor when it comes to a country’s laws 

and policies on reproductive health issues; other factors 

that come into play are a country’s legal history, 

international funding for family planning programs, 

and an oppositional politics revolving around the 

perceived imposition of Western values and attempts 

at population control. Yet religion plays a key role in 

debates over reproductive health issues, which are 

perceived to be closely linked to moral choices and 

cultural identity. Religion lends authority to policy 

positions and helps frame the terms of debate over such 

issues. The authors enumerate some of the factors, 

religious and otherwise, that might contribute to 

debates over emergency contraceptive use in the 

predominantly Muslim Arab world. 

◆ 

With Lisa Wynn and colleagues at Ibis Reproductive 

Health and the Population Council, James Trussell analyzed 

the use patterns of www.medicationabortion.com, an 

English-, Spanish-, Arabic-, and French-language web 

site dedicated to three methods of early pregnancy 

termination: mifepristone/misoprostol, methotrexate/ 

misoprostol, and misoprostol-alone. They examined 

both the overall and language-specific use patterns of 

the web site from October 1, 2004 through September 

30, 2005. Over the 12-month study period 

www.medicationabortion.com received more than 

78,000 visits and nearly 240,000 page requests. The 

English version was the most popular version of the 

web site (accessed in 46% of all visits), followed by the 

Spanish (35%), Arabic (10.4%), and French (8.8%) 

versions. Strikingly, Spanish-language visits were nearly 

three times as likely to access the misoprostol-only section 

of the web site (35.7%) than visits to the English-, 

Arabic-, and French-language versions (12.5%, 7.7%, 

and 13.1%, respectively). Throughout Latin America, 

where abortion is severely restricted and mifepristone 

is not currently registered for use, women’s use of 

misoprostol-only for early pregnancy termination is 

believed to be widespread. Given this context, it is 

perhaps not surprising that Spanish-language users of 

the web site visit the misoprostol-only section with such 

high frequency. As Spanish-language visitors are also 

accessing FAQ answer pages related to the abortion 

experience, including when in a pregnancy medication 

abortion can be used, it is likely that visitors of the web 

site are seeking information in order to use misoprostol 

most effectively. This finding suggests that the Internet 

has the potential to serve as an important vehicle for 

communicating information about the misoprostol-only 

regimen in contexts where abortion is legally restricted, 

and points to an area for further research. 

◆ 

In May 2003, the first Arabic-language web site 

dedicated to disseminating information about and 

increasing awareness of EC was launched. With Lisa 

Wynn and colleagues at Ibis Reproductive Health, 

James Trussell examined patterns of web site use and 

user profiles over a 19-month period. Analysis of 

Not-2-Late.com use shows that the Arabic web site 

users are interested in different aspects of EC than the 

English web site users, suggesting the importance of 

creating culturally specific content when adapting and 

translating health education materials. Arabic web site 

users demonstrate significant interest in general 

reproductive health issues not specific to EC, suggesting 

a need for greater availability of Arabic-language health 

education resources through the Internet. 

◆ 

In 2003, the manufacturers of Plan B applied to the 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for overthe-counter 

status. In 2004, the FDA acted against the 

advice of its own advisory committee and staff and 

rejected the application. Citing the lack of evidence as 

to the way young adolescents might use the drug, the 

FDA’s concerns echoed opponent charges that easy 

access to postcoital contraception would lead to 

adolescent promiscuity and attendant negative health 

consequences. The pharmaceutical company subsequently 

applied to sell Plan B without prescription to women 

aged 16 and older, but by prescription only to younger 

women. The FDA has indefinitely stalled ruling on this 



32 

proposal. James Trussell and Lisa Wynn examined the 

FDA hearings surrounding non-prescription access to 

the emergency contraceptive Plan B. The FDA hearings 

debated the drug’s impact on female and young adult 

sexuality, illustrating how the rhetoric over disciplining 

pharmaceutical use in the American public is a displaced 

language for talking about disciplining sexuality. 

Debate over emergency contraception also focused on 

its mechanism of action and whether or not it was 

abortifacient, revealing a medical technology characterized 

not only by moral but also by marked scientific ambiguity. 

The scientific framing of the politics of emergency 

contraception is testament to the powerful authority 

of biomedicine to narrate and thus produce ideologies 

of bodies (individual, embryonic, social, and political), 

sexuality, and selves. The discourse on emergency 

contraception access in the United States demonstrates 

how women’s bodies are a site of control where the 

politics of sexuality, discourses on public health, and 

medical constructions of biological processes intersect. 

This article will mark the first time an anthropology 

journal publishes on the topic of emergency contraception. 

◆ 

An ongoing research project with James Trussell, Lisa 

Wynn, Angel Foster (Ibis Reproductive Health), and 

Joanna Erdman (Harvard Law School) comparatively 

examines the debates over non-prescription access to 

emergency contraceptive pills in the U.S. and Canada. 

In April 2005, Health Canada reclassified the emergency 

contraceptive pill (ECP) Plan B as a non-prescription 

drug. Upon reclassification, provincial pharmacy regulators 

restricted the sale of Plan B to behind-the-counter status, 

thereby requiring pharmacist assessment and counseling 

at the point of sale. A coalition of national organizations 

in Canada is petitioning to have the status of ECPs 

moved off-schedule, i.e. sold without pharmacist 

intervention. These groups object to the way that some 

pharmacists require women seeking ECPs to provide 

information about their sexual history in order to receive 

the product. This research project, to be presented at the 

IUSSP conference in September, compares arguments 

employed by proponents of expanded ECP access in 

Canada and the U.S. to challenge the prescription 

status of the medication. In Canada, the dominant 

argument asserted women’s rights to equitable and 

effective access to health care services. In the U.S., 

proponents of expanded ECP access asserted the drug’s 

safety and ability to reduce public health problems. 


This research project uses critical discourse analysis to 

deconstruct the key texts and position statements in 

favor of expanded ECP access in both countries and 

reveal the implicit underlying assumptions about 

sexuality, the role of the state and medical authorities 

in the sexual lives of men and women, and the rights 

and abilities of individual women to make informed 

decisions regarding their sexuality and reproductive 

health. A harm reduction model predominated in the 

health arguments marshaled in support of expanding 

ECP access. In this view, sex leads to various problems, 

from the transmission of sexually transmitted infections 

to unintended pregnancy, pregnancy-related morbidity, 

and abortion. Expanding access to ECPs reactively 

contains some of these public health problems. A 

competing framework arguing in favor of expanded 

EC access asserted women’s right to healthy, satisfying, 

non-procreative sex and the right to make informed 

choices about their contraceptive needs from among all 

safe and effective options and free from the intervention 

of the state and medical authorities. This research 

project reflects on the success of these two lines of 

argumentation in both influencing and challenging 

regulatory policy as well as in shaping societal discourse 

on reproductive health and sexuality. 

◆ 

Caroline Moreau, James Trussell, and Nathalie Bajos 

(National Institute of Health and Medical Research, 

France) have examined the impact of pharmacy access 

to emergency contraceptive pills on ECP use, on risky 

sexual behavior, and on contraceptive use patterns in 

France. They analyzed responses to national health 

surveys of women (ages 15 to 44) conducted in France 

in 1999 (n= 4,166) and 2004 (n=7,490). They found 

that increasing access to ECPs in France by introducing 

a dedicated product and eliminating the prescription 

requirement resulted in a 72% increase in ECP use, 

with the vast majority (85%) of ECP users in 2004 

having obtained ECPs directly from a pharmacy without 

a prescription. They show that this increase in ECP 

access and use did not result in increased proportions 

of women who had ever had intercourse or in a decrease 

in the age at first intercourse or in an increase in the 

proportion of women at risk for an unintended pregnancy. 

They found no decrease in use of contraception and no 

decrease in the use of the most effective methods among 

women at risk of unintended pregnancy. They conclude 

that introducing a dedicated product and allowing for 

direct pharmacy access to ECPs in France has resulted 

in greater ECP use with no negative impact on sexual


behavior or use of contraception. Using the same data, 

they investigated the determinants of lifetime and 

recent use of ECPs in the general population in France 

and examined the circumstances under which ECPs 

were used in 2004 in the context of a demedicalised 

access to the method. They found that lifetime use and 

recent use of ECPs (in 2004) depended on the women’s 

reproductive history, sexual behavior and contraceptive 

practices. The use of ECPs varied across religious cultures. 

Finally, they show that while lifetime use of ECPs 

depended on the women’s socio-demographic background 

and area of residence, these factors were no longer 

associated with ECP use in 2004. Specifically examining 

the risk of unintended pregnancy after ECP use, they 

found that most women protected intercourse until the 

next menstrual period and used a contraceptive method 

in the next menstrual cycle, with no differences across 

age groups. However, a small proportion of women 

seemed to take risks at repeated times: 5.5% had 

unprotected intercourse after taking ECPs in the same 

and next menstrual cycle. 

◆ 

Caroline Moreau, James Trussell and Jean Bouyer 

(National Institute of Health and Medical Research, 

France) have estimated method specific contraceptive 

failure rates among women in France. In addition to 

differentials by method and by duration of use, they 

explored the differences in failure rates according to 

women’s social and demographic background. Using 

data from a population-based cohort on contraception 

and abortion in France (Cocon survey), they computed 

their estimates using shared frailty hazards models. They 

found an overall first year failure rate of 2.9%. The 

IUD had the lowest first year failure rate (1.1%), 

followed by the pill (2.4%), the male condom (3.3%), 

fertility awareness methods (7.4%), withdrawal (10.1%), 

and spermicides (19.8%). The lower contraceptive 

failure rates among French women compared to those 

reported for U.S. women suggests differences in 

contraceptive practices that need to be further explored. 

◆ 

James Trussell and Rosalie Dominik (Family Health 

International) have examined the circumstances in 

which microbicide trials will yield unbiased estimates of 

microbicide efficacy. They show that in a randomized 

trial of a candidate microbicide and a placebo, nonuse 

of the microbicide will result in underestimation of the 

efficacy of the microbicide, and that the magnitude of 

this difference between effectiveness and efficacy 

increases directly with the level of microbicide nonuse. 

The addition of condoms to the trial will not change 

this expected result as long as the use of condoms and 

the microbicide is independent and the level of microbicide 

use is the same in the trials with and without condoms. 

However, if microbicide use is lower in the trial with 

condoms, then effectiveness will be lower than in the 

trial without condoms, and the magnitude of the difference 

between effectiveness and efficacy will be even greater. 

Moreover, condom use and microbicide use may not be 

independent. If participants tend to use condoms rather 

than nothing, the trial result will more closely approximate 

microbicide efficacy. In contrast, if participants substitute 

condom use for microbicide use instead of for nonuse, 

then the expected estimate of effectiveness will less 

closely approximate microbicide efficacy and could be 

closer to or further away from the expected estimate of 

effectiveness than in the trial without condoms. In 

another trial design, where there is either simultaneous 

use of the microbicide and condoms or no use of either 

– guaranteed when condoms are packaged with either a 

microbicidal gel or a placebo gel – expected effectiveness 

will fall short of microbicide efficacy. If nonuse is the 

same in a trial without condoms and a trial with 

microbicidally lubricated condoms, then the trial with 

condoms will produce an estimate of effectiveness that 

less closely approximates microbicide efficacy than 

would the trial without condoms. If there is less nonuse 

in the trial with condoms, then the expected estimate of 

effectiveness will more closely approximate microbicide 

efficacy and could be closer to or further away from the 

expected estimate of effectiveness than in the trial 

without condoms. 

◆ 

With Elizabeth Raymond and other colleagues from 

Family Health International, James Trussell analyzed 

bleeding patterns after use of Plan B, an emergency 

contraceptive pill regimen consisting of 1.5 mg 

levonorgestrel in a single dose. They asked 120 women 

who had been treated with the regimen to keep daily 

bleeding diaries for 9 weeks. They compared bleeding 

patterns observed after treatment to usual patterns 

reported by participants and also to patterns observed 

in a prior study of women who had not taken ECPs. 

Treatment in the first three weeks of the menstrual cycle 

significantly shortened that cycle as compared both to 

the usual cycle length and to the cycle duration in a 

comparison group. The magnitude of this effect was 

greater the earlier the pills were taken. In contrast, the 



34 

duration of the first menstrual period after treatment 

increased significantly with cycle week of treatment and 

was longer in women who used the treatment than in 

women who had not. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred 

in only 5% of women in the first cycle after treatment. 

They concluded that the effect of the single dose 

levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive pill regimen on 

the timing and duration of the next menstrual period 

depends on when in the cycle the pills are taken. 

Intermenstrual bleeding following treatment is uncommon. 

Using the same data, Trussell compared concordance 

between periods as recorded by women on daily diaries 

with those determined objectively by an algorithm used 

in the earlier study. Altogether 111 subjects contributed 

diary cards on which the algorithm could identify at 

least one period; a total of 261 periods was identified by 

the algorithm. In 87% of these periods, women recorded 

on the diary a start date that was the same as or only 

one day later but in 8% their recorded start day was 

more than 7 days later. For the first period following 

use of Plan B, concordance was lower: 81% and 14%, 

respectively. Although he found generally good concordance 

between the starts of menstrual periods as determined 

by an algorithm adapted from the World Health 

Organization and used in the earlier study and the date 

of the start of a period as reported by participants on 

diary cards, had the authors of the earlier study relied 

on women’s recording of the first period on the diary 

card, they would not have reached the conclusion that 

the earlier in the cycle Plan B was taken, the earlier 

would be the next period. 

◆ 

Emergency contraception, which prevents pregnancy 

after unprotected sexual intercourse, has the potential to 

reduce significantly the incidence of unintended pregnancy 

and the consequent need for abortion and to reduce 

medical care costs. James Trussell and Helen Calabretto 

(University of South Australia) estimated the savings 

generated by use of Postinor-2, the levonorgestrel 

regimen of emergency hormonal contraception, in 

Australia. They modeled the cost savings when women 

obtain Postinor-2 directly from a pharmacist where cost 

savings are measured as the cost of pregnancies averted 

by use of Postinor-2 per dollar spent on Postinor-2. 

They found that each dollar spent on a single treatment 

with Postinor-2 saves $2.27-$3.81 in direct medical care 

expenditures on unintended pregnancy depending on 


assumptions about savings from costs avoided by 

preventing mistimed births. Postinor-2 is cost-saving 

even under the least favorable assumption that mistimed 

births when prevented today occur two years later. 

Results are robust even to large changes in model 

input parameters. 

◆ 

James Trussell and colleagues from Johns Hopkins, 

UCLA, Berlex Laboratories, and Cerner Health Insights 

compared the cost-effectiveness of oral contraceptives 

(OCs), the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 

(LNG-IUS) Mirena, and surgical management in treating 

dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in women not 

desiring additional children. A Markov model was 

constructed from the perspective of the health services 

payers for a 5-year time period. Treatment costs, DUB 

treatment success rates, and contraception success rates 

were obtained through a literature review. They found 

that in women not responding to an initial trial of OCs, 

surgical management was more effective than LNG-IUS 

(95.5% vs. 92%) but at higher cost ($4,853 vs. $2,796 

per woman). Among responders to OCs, continuing 

treatment with LNG-IUS instead of OCs was more 

effective (92% vs. 90.4%) and less expensive ($2,796 

vs . $4,711). For women naïve to medical therapy, 

LNG-IUS and OCs had similar effectiveness, but cost 

for LNG-IUS was lower ($2,796 vs. $4,895). In all 

scenarios, surgery followed if medical therapy failed; 

rates of primary method failure were 62.5% with OCs 

and 34% with LNG-IUS at 12 months. They concluded 

that treatment strategies employing LNG-IUS are the 

most cost-effective in managing DUB, regardless of 

whether a woman has previously tried OC therapy. 

◆ 

Meredith Kleykamp (University of Kansas) and Marta 

Tienda examined the physical and mental health status 

of adolescent girls from a comparative ethnic perspective. 

Hispanic adolescent girls were compared to their black 

and white counterparts, and to Hispanic boys on various 

indicators of physical and mental health. Overall, the 

researchers found that much of the differences between 

white, black, and Hispanic adolescents’ wellbeing can be 

explained by family structure and socioeconomic 

status. Family structure appears to have a stronger 

influence on the wellbeing of girls than on boys. Low 

socioeconomic status also places youth at higher risk of 

poor mental health, as well as abuse or violence, and it 

has a particularly strong effect on adolescent girls’ use 

of illegal drugs.


◆ 

Noreen Goldman participated in the design of the second 

wave of the Los Angeles Families and Neighborhoods 

Survey (L.A.FANS), focusing on the inclusion of 

biomarkers and questions pertaining to acculturation 

and on evaluating results from the pretest. Together 

with Rachel Kimbro (University of Wisconsin-Madison), 

Cassio Turra (CEDEPLAR), and Anne Pebley (UCLA), 

she used L.A.FANS data to estimate education differentials 

in health outcomes for Hispanics and whites, and 

compared results with corresponding estimates from the 

NHIS and Fragile Famillies. The results demonstrate 

that education gradients for a broad range of health 

measures are substantially smaller for Hispanics than for 

non-Hispanic whites. In an extension of this work, Turra 

and Goldman used NHIS data to explore education 

and income differentials in mortality for Hispanic 

subgroups and non-Hispanic whites. The results not 

only substantiate findings of flatter education gradients 

for some Hispanic groups, but also shed light on how 

these SES gradients relate to the “Hispanic Paradox.” 

Several projects are being undertaken in an effort to 

understand the atypical patterns of mortality and health 

outcomes among Hispanics in the United States. 

Goldman is collaborating with Anne Pebley and Jinsook 

Kim (UCLA) to explore how poverty affects neighborhood 

of residence within L.A. County and the effects of 

neighborhoods on health behaviors among adolescents, 

for Hispanics and other ethnic groups. Sharon Bzostek, 

Goldman and Pebley are using data from L.A.FANS to 

explore the factors that underlie the relatively poor selfreports 

of health among Hispanics in the U.S., particularly 

the role of language, SES, and immigration-related 

variables. Kimberly Smith is using the Mexican Health 

and Aging Study to examine socioeconomic gradients in 

a range of health outcomes and health behaviors among 

older adults in Mexico. Goldman, Duncan Thomas 

(UCLA), Graciela Teruel (Ibero-Americana, Mexico) 

and Luis Rubalcava (CIDE, Mexico) are analyzing data 

from the 2002 and 2005 waves of the Mexican Family 

Life Survey (MxFLS) to examine the extent to which 

immigrants from Mexico to the U.S. are selected by 

education and health status. 

Analyses of social gradients by ethnicity in the U.S. 

identified an unusual pattern among Hispanics – 

relatively weak education differentials for a number of 

health outcomes and health behaviors. That is, higher 

levels of school typically were associated with little, if 

◆ 

any, improvement in health measures among Hispanics. 

Extensions of this research revealed a not-well known 

aspect of the “Hispanic mortality paradox” (the finding 

that Hispanics generally have lower mortality than 

whites, despite their lower SES): that is, much of the 

mortality advantage of Hispanics stems from better than 

expected mortality among lower SES Hispanics. This 

research has led to the development of a new research 

project proposed by Noreen Goldman and Anne Pebley 

(UCLA) to investigate the extent to which these SES 

gradients are unique to Hispanic groups and the sources 

of the patterns. This project involves examining the 

nature of SES gradients in Mexico, the extent to which 

migrants from Mexico to the U.S. are healthier than 

non-migrants, and the potential role of acculturation 

and assimilation in producing these unusual patterns of 

health and mortality. Results from this project will add 

to our understanding of health patterns in Mexico as 

well as among Hispanics in the United States. 

◆ 

Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein (Georgetown 

University), and Dana Glei are continuing to collaborate 

with colleagues at the Bureau of Health Promotion, 

Department of Health in Taiwan on the Social 

Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS). 

This data collection effort, supported by the 

National Institute on Aging, was designed to enhance 

understanding of the role of physiological processes 

in the complex relationships among life challenge, the 

social environment, and physical and mental health. 

The first wave of the survey, fielded in 2000, includes 

home-based interviews, collection of blood and urine 

samples, and physicians’ health exams, from about 

1,000 middle-aged and elderly respondents. Respondents 

are a random sub-sample from an ongoing national survey 

that has collected periodic interviews between 1989 and 

2003 in Taiwan. SEBAS II, to be fielded in the summer 

and fall of 2006, will provide a second set of measurements 

for biomarkers collected in 2000 as well as several new 

sources of data, including: 1) inflammatory markers, 

such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and homocysteine; 

2) interviewer-administered measures of grip strength, 

lung function, timed walks, and chair stands; and 3) 

additional questions in the household interview on 

perceived stress, stressful and traumatic events, and sleep. 

The eventual data set, which will be publicly released, 

will provide a unique resource to researchers interested 

in the linkages between social factors and health. 



36 

There are many ongoing projects based on the SEBAS 

data. The principle accomplishments of the project 

during the past year have been: 1) finalizing the survey 

procedures and instruments for the second round of the 

Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study 

(SEBAS II) and carrying out a pretest in one field site; 

and 2) analyzing the associations between biomarkers 

measured in 2000 and subsequent health outcomes, based 

on the 2003 round of interviews and death registration data. 

◆ 

Working with Christopher Seplaki (Johns Hopkins 

University), Goldman’s findings from some recently 

published and forthcoming papers indicate that: 1) persons 

who experience higher levels of social participation 

show better cognitive function than those with no social 

activities; 2) perceptions of stress are significantly associated 

with several biomarkers and with a measure of cumulative 

physiological dysregulation, but the effects are generally 

modest; 3) current measures of physiological dysregulation 

can be improved, for example, by inclusion of additional 

biomarkers and recognition that both low and high values 

may be associated with risk of chronic disease. Working 

with Jennifer Dowd (Mathematica), Goldman found 

that 4) biomarkers measured in SEBAS do not account 

for the association between SES and health and do not 

support the hypothesis that stress, via sustained activation 

of the body’s neuroendocrine response, is an important 

mediator in the relationship between socioeconomic status 

and health; and with Cassio Turra (CEDEPLAR), that 

5) biomarkers pertaining to the cardiovascular, metabolic, 

neuroendocrine, and immune systems are predictive of 

three-year mortality rates in the presence of controls for 

self-reported health measures and socio-demographic factors. 

◆ 

Goldman’s work with Weinstein, Turra, Germán 

Rodríguez and others on analyses from the SEBAS 

survey in Taiwan revealed that participation in social 

activities, more so than social ties, is related to the 

maintenance of cognitive function, suggesting strategies 

for preventing cognitive decline in older populations. 

Their analyses also revealed that an array of biomedical 

measurements that are not typically measured in clinical 

exams (namely neuroendocrine and immune markers) 

are at least as predictive as clinical measures (e.g., blood 

pressure, cholesterol, glucose levels) – and possibly more 

predictive – of the risks of dying in the following 

several-year period. 


◆ 

In his paper on the accident hump, Josh Goldstein 

looks at time-trends and cross-cultural comparisons in 

the timing and magnitude of the male accident hump, 

the surplus mortality that is observed in young adult 

males. This accident hump coincides with the peak of 

testosterone over the life cycle and is presumably driven 

at least part by the male biological life cycle. It may 

have evolved as a by-product of risk-taking behavior 

that among our distant ancestors increased mating 

opportunities. Early results detect an accident hump in 

mortality curves from as early as the mid-18th century. 

A shift of the curve to younger ages seems to have 

occurred over time, either as a result of changing risk 

conditions (e.g., the introduction of the automobile) or 

changing risk-taking behavior, perhaps brought about 

by accelerated hormonal timing by males exposed to 

secular improvements in nutrition. 

◆ 

In his paper on the limits to fertility postponement, 

Josh Goldstein shifts, stretches, and transforms the 

observed cohort age-schedule of first birth for Danish 

women born in 1963 to see how late the mean age of 

first birth can shift. Constraints of two kinds are placed 

on the ultimate distribution of first births. First, no 

more than one-third of first births can occur after over 

age 35. This constraint allows postponement without 

radical changes in the parity distribution. Second, some 

variability in the age at first birth must be preserved by 

keeping the standard deviation of first birth above four 

years, the minimum value observed for Denmark 

during the baby-boom years. Goldstein finds that mean 

ages of first birth of at least 33 years are plausible. This 

would represent a further increase of about six years in 

the mean age of first birth. The depressed levels of 

fertility seen due to postponement could continue for 

decades before the limits he considers are reached. 

◆ 

Adriana Lleras-Muney analyzes the impact of pollution 

on children’s respiratory diseases using military families 

who are moved to high and low pollution areas, in a 

manner that is independent from their socio-economic 

status. She uses changes in location due to military 

transfers to identify the true impact of pollution on health 

outcomes, as measured by children’s hospitalizations. In 

another project with Bo Honoré (Princeton University), 

Lleras-Muney investigates estimation of competing risk 

models when the assumption of independence is potentially 

violated. The methodology is applied to estimating


whether progress in cancer treatment has been affected 

by progress in cardiovascular disease. They show that 

allowing for cancer and cardiovascular disease to be 

dependent in competing risk models results in very 

different estimates of progress against cancer; in fact, 

they find much larger improvement against cancer than 

previously estimated. Lleras-Muney is also starting 

several new projects. With Janet Currie (Columbia 

University), she is investigating whether children in 

military schools are more likely to perform better than 

similar children in non-military schools, and to learn 

about the characteristics of the military schools (type of 

parents or type of school inputs) that may be responsible 

for those differences. In another project with David 

Cutler (Harvard University), she is investigating the 

mechanisms that can explain why more educated 

individuals are healthier. 

◆ 

Christina Paxson, Lleras-Muney, and Cecilia Rouse 

(Princeton University) are studying the impact of 

education on health outcomes and behaviors among 

young adults. They are collecting data to evaluate the 

impact of the “Opening Doors” randomized education 

intervention. This intervention will randomly offer 

additional financial, mentoring and curriculum services 

to community college entrants from disadvantaged 

backgrounds. They plan to evaluate not only whether 

and how the intervention worked, but also whether 

they observe any subsequent effects on the health and 

health behaviors of the participants. 

◆ 

Christina Paxson is the director of The Demography of 

Aging Center, funded by the National Institute of 

Aging, that was established in 2004 as part of the 

Center for Health and Wellbeing. The center continues 

to foster new research on the interrelationships between 

socioeconomic status and health as people age, examine 

the determinants of decision-making and wellbeing 

among the elderly, and explore the determinants and 

policy consequences of increased longevity and population 

aging across and within countries over time. An area of 

special emphasis is research on how HIV/AIDS is 

affecting the health and living conditions of the elderly. 

Other key OPR faculty associates working on this project 

are Anne Case, Angus Deaton, Noreen Goldman, and 

Burt Singer. 

◆ 

Stephanie Smith and Chris Paxson are analyzing nationally 

representative data to study the effect of clean indoor 

air laws on smoking prevalence and childhood asthma 

outcomes. Smith and C. Tracy Orleans (Robert Wood 

Johnson Foundation) are working on a paper that 

proposes a framework to increase consumer demand for 

smoking cessation products and services among racially/ 

ethnically diverse and low-income populations. Smith is 

also working with researchers from the Roswell Park 

Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York on a national data 

set to examine whether race/ethnicity or socioeconomic 

status or an interaction between these two is driving the 

disparities in nicotine replacement use among American 

youth and young adults. In another collaboration on 

two independent studies, Smith, Tom Eissenberg 

(Virginia Commonwealth University) and Kenneth 

Ward (University of Memphis) are examining waterpipe 

use among college students at VCU and adults in the 

greater Richmond, Virginia area. 

◆ 

Research by Daniel Kahneman (Princeton University), 

Alan Krueger (director of Princeton’s Survey Research 

Center), David Schkade (University of California, San 

Diego), Norbert Schwarz (University of Michigan) and 

Arthur Stone (Stony Brook University) is conducted at 

the Center for Research on Experience and Well Being 

(CREW), a National Institute Of Aging Roybal Center, 

which also makes its home in the Center for Health and 

Wellbeing. The overall objectives of CREW are to 1) 

develop new methods for the measurement of wellbeing 

and health; and 2) use these measures to better understand 

and document the experience of aging. Their approach 

is to survey individuals about their affective experience 

during specific situations and activities throughout the 

day. This “Daily Recall Method” (DRM) was first 

implemented using a sample of women from Texas, and 

it is currently being applied to larger and more diverse 

populations (for example, the DRM is currently being 

piloted in India and Ghana). The measures developed 

will be used to analyze how different life circumstances 

and situations contribute to the overall quality of life 

across the life cycle. The combination of measurements 

of the affective experience of situations and activities 

with measurements of the time spent by the population 

in these activities, currently collected by the Department of 

Labor Statistics, will contribute to the development of an 

experimental system of National Well-being Accounts. 

◆ 

Angus Deaton, with collaborators Abhijit Banerjee and 

Esther Duflo at MIT, Jishnu Das at the World Bank, 



38 

and Seva Mandir in Udaipur, is collecting data on 

health and economics from rural households and 

health facilities in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan in 

northwestern India. This is a poor area of India, much 

of which was originally the tiger-hunting preserve of the 

Maharanah of Udaipur. Although the countryside is 

spectacularly beautiful, it now suffers from overgrazing 

and environmental degradation. The area is farmed by 

tribal people, few of whom are educated. The survey is 

interviewing members of around 1,000 households in 

100 villages, asking them how they earn a living, about 

their physical and mental health status, and about their 

experience of healthcare. Complementary surveys are 

collecting information about village infrastructure and 

about the clinics and medical personnel that people use, 

including traditional healers. The main objective of this 

project is to obtain a comprehensive picture of health 

care delivery, health seeking behavior, and health status 

in rural areas in Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. 

Without an accurate picture of the situation, there 

cannot be an informed debate on what basic needs are 

met or unmet, and where are the gaps that NGO or 

governmental action could fill. 

◆ 

Angus Deaton is also working on three projects under 

various stages of completeness and development. In the 

first he is trying to untangle the causalities from wealth 

to health by separating diseases into ones that we can do 

something about and something we cannot, using 

NLMS public use sample, and with plans to extend to 

HRS and full NLMS. In the second, he plans on doing 

the same at different levels of geographical aggregation, 

using NLMS as compared with vital registration data. 

In the third project, he is looking at health and wealth 

accumulations among a sample of university professors 

nearing retirement and followed for a decade. This is 

important because of the need to understand how much 

of the correlation between wealth and health runs in 

each direction, because without that it is impossible to 

design policy. 

◆ 

Anne Case and Angus Deaton are collaborating with 

researchers at the University of Witwatersrand on a 

South African project entitled South Africa: Poverty, 

Inequality and Health. The research team is running 

integrated health and economic surveys in South Africa 

to investigate the links between health status and 

economic status. The survey instruments collect data on 


a range of traditional and non-traditional measures of 

wellbeing, including income and consumption, measures 

of health status (including mental health), morbidity, 

crime, social connectedness, intra-household relationships, 

and direct hedonic measures of wellbeing. The surveys 

draw on recent work in economics, health, psychology, 

and anthropology to explore different kinds of welfare 

measures and the relationships between them. Their 

work in two South African field sites, Agincourt and 

Khayelitsha, is currently funded by the National 

Institutes of Health. 

◆ 

Anne Case is conducting two studies on HIV/AIDS 

and aging in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The first of 

these extends HIV/AIDS testing – currently available to 

men under the age of 60 and women under the age of 55 

– to elderly individuals in the Africa Centre demographic 

surveillance site. HIV/AIDS rates among the “near 

elderly” already tested are high (around 20 percent), but 

rates among older people are not known. A second pilot 

study examines how the presence of elderly pensioners 

in households affects antiretroviral (ARV) compliance 

among younger adults. 

◆ 

In a study of the endocrinology of pregnancy and fetal 

loss in wild baboons, Jeanne Altmann and colleagues 

examined fecal steroid hormones from five groups of 

wild yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the 

Amboseli basin of Kenya to compare the hormones of 

successful pregnancies to those ending in fetal loss or 

stillbirth. An impressive body of research has focused on 

the mechanisms by which the steroid estrogens (E), 

progestins (P), and glucocorticoids (GC) ensure successful 

pregnancy. With the advance of non-invasive techniques 

to measure steroids in urine and feces, steroid hormones 

are routinely monitored to detect pregnancy in wild 

mammalian species, but hormone data on fetal loss have 

been sparse. Using a combination of longitudinal and 

cross-sectional data, Altmann and colleagues analyzed 

three steroid hormones (E, P, GC) and related metabolites 

from 5 years of fecal samples across 188 pregnancies. 

Their results document the course of steroid hormone 

concentrations across successful baboon pregnancy in 

the wild and demonstrate that fecal estrogens predicted 

impending fetal loss starting 2 months before the externally 

observed loss. By also considering an additional 450 

pregnancies for which they did not have hormonal data, 

they determined that the probability for fetal loss for 

Amboseli baboons was 13.9%, and that fetal mortality 

occurred throughout gestation (91 losses occurred in


656 pregnancies; rates were the same for pregnancies 

with and without hormonal data). These results 

demonstrate that their longstanding method for early 

detection of pregnancies based on observation of external 

indicators closely matches hormonal identification of 

pregnancy in wild baboons. 

Large gaps exist in our knowledge about common patterns 

and variability in the endocrinology of immature nonhuman 

primates, and even normal hormonal profiles 

during that life stage are lacking for wild populations. 

Altmann and colleagues studied the steroid profiles for a 

wild population of baboons (Papio cynocephalus) from 

infancy through reproductive maturation, obtained by 

noninvasive fecal analyses. Fecal concentrations of 

glucocorticoid (fGC) and testosterone (fT) metabolites 

for males, and of fGC, estrogen (fE), and progestin 

(fP) metabolites for females were measured by 

radioimmunoassay (RIA). In males, infancy was 

characterized by high and declining levels of fGC and 

fT, whereas steroid concentrations were low during the 

juvenile years. During the months immediately prior to 

testicular enlargement, fT (but not fGC) concentration 

tended to increase. Males that matured early consistently 

had higher fT and fGC concentrations than those that 

matured late, but not significantly so at any age. 

Individual differences in fT concentrations were stable 

across ages, and average individual fT and fGC 

concentrations were positively correlated. For females, 

high and declining levels of fE characterized infancy, 

and values increased again after 3.5 years of age, as 

some females reached menarche by that age. Both W 

and fGC were relatively low and constant throughout 

infancy and the juvenile period. During the months 

immediately prior to menarche, fGC concentration 

significantly decreased, while no changes were observed 

for fE levels. fP exhibited a complicated pattern of 

decrease that was subsequently followed by a more 

modest and nonsignificant increase as menarche 

approached. Early- (EM) and late-maturing (LM) 

females differed only in fP concentration; the higher 

fP concentrations in EM females reached significance at 

4-4.5 years of age. Maternal rank at offspring conception 

did not predict concentrations of any hormone for 

either sex. The results demonstrate the presence of 

individual endocrine variability, which could have 

important consequences for the timing of sexual 

maturation and subsequently for individual reproductive 

success. Further evaluation of the factors that affect 

hormone concentrations during the juvenile and 

adolescent periods should lead to a better understanding 

of mechanisms of life-history variability. 

◆ 

Lee Silver examines the cultural and religious foundations 

for different societal attitudes concerning the use of 

biotechnology, including embryonic stem cells and 

genetically modified crops, in different regions of the 

world, most specifically the United States, Europe, and 

Asia. Religious and spiritual differences among different 

cultures may have substantial long-term consequences 

on American competitiveness in all aspects of 

biotechnology. In his latest work, Challenging Nature: 

The Clash of Science and Spirituality at the New Frontiers 

of Life, Silver argues that fear and loathing arise from 

deeply rooted, cultural-religious convictions in the 

existence of real and proscribed limits to human 

knowledge and power over the natural world. The 

science of molecular biology brings both precision and 

transparency to the actual genetic and cellular modifications 

that modern biotechnologists can accomplish. But 

ironically, to practitioners, biotechnology is more 

contentious than ever. Molecular biology, and more 

significantly, biotechnology, is giving man nearly 

unlimited power to alter and create new forms of life. 

In different cultural milieus, however, spiritual beliefs 

confer acceptance or rejection of different realms of 

biotechnological application. In monotheistic Western 

cultures, agricultural biotechnology is generally supported, 

while embryonic stem cell research is rejected. This is 

less the case in cultures molded by Eastern spirituality, 

where every spirit is transcendent, eternal, self-determining 

and self-evolving. As a result, in the short term, Asian 

countries are poised to leap ahead of the West in all 

contentious realms of biotechnology. In the long term, 

however, biotechnology and rational control over the 

biosphere will be required to protect humanity and to 

develop a system of life on which our descendants can 

depend for sustenance and spiritual comfort. 

Migration and Urbanization 

Sara Curran (University of Washington) and Doug 

Massey are collaborating on a project on how to better 

understand how to anticipate, direct, or stem migration 

flows – a leading dilemma for policymakers confronting 

a broad range of social and economic concerns. In 

response to this dilemma, demographers and other 

social scientists have devoted significant efforts to growing 

better information about migration. An important 



40 

result of these efforts links individual and household 

migrant life histories with community migrant networks 

that link individuals within a community, while at the 

same time linking individuals across communities of 

migrant origination and destination. Based on prior 

studies, scholars now know that migration develops a 

momentum of its own that is particularly hard to slow 

and results primarily from the way migrant networks 

fuel migration. The precise underlying mechanisms for 

understanding how migrant networks fuel migration 

momentum have not been systematically explored, 

primarily because of data limitations. To fill this lacuna, 

Curran and Massey propose a comprehensive examination 

of how migrant networks fuel migration momentum 

through: 1) an investigation of the quality and quantity 

of migrant network resources; 2) the distribution of 

migrant experiences within a community; and, 3) a 

quantitative and qualitative investigation of the social, 

economic, and cultural institutions that shape both 

migration momentum and migrant networks, and vice 

versa. To do this, they analyze rural-urban migration in 

Thailand, where a prospective village study provides the 

only data in the world to completely characterize 21 

communities and community migrant networks over a 

16-year period. These communities exhibit significant 

variability in patterns of migration and migrant networks 

over the time period, providing an excellent opportunity 

to design quasi-experimental analyses, evaluating the 

effect of institutional changes upon migration. Their 

analyses of extant data will be complemented by field 

work in 21 communities to record community histories 

and gather purposive, qualitative information about 

social, economic, and cultural institutions from migrant 

and non-migrant members. The study will provide 

policy insights for many world regions, where rural to 

urban migration presents political challenges, and rich 

theoretical and methodological insights for future 

studies in other regions. 

◆ 

The Mexican Migration Project (MMP) is a multidisciplinary 

research effort headed by Douglas Massey 

in collaboration with long-time colleague Jorge Durand 

of the University of Guadalajara. The MMP is based 

on ongoing surveys of Mexican Migrants to the United 

States. It’s database contains data gathered annually 

since 1987 in communities throughout Mexico and the 

United States. Thinking on immigration is dominated 

by the neoclassical economic framework, which argues 


that migration springs from wage differentials and that 

people move to maximize lifetime earnings. Massey and 

Durand’s research with other colleagues in the Mexican 

Migration Project, however, suggests that patterns and 

processes of migration to the United States are governed 

more by precepts consistent with the new economics of 

labor migration and social capital theory than neoclassical 

economics. The former argues that migrants move to 

manage risk and overcome market failures and that 

once it occurs, social networks connecting migrants and 

non-migrants come into play to promote additional 

movement. The initial motivation of migrants is not to 

settle abroad permanently to maximize lifetime earnings, 

but to diversify sources of household income, to finance 

home acquisition, to capitalize a productive enterprise, 

or to smooth consumption; and left to their own 

devices, most migrants will return home after a limited 

period of work abroad. Others come to adopt similar 

migratory strategies by taking advantage of social ties to 

current and former migrants, which offer social capital 

that enables them to gain entry and obtain foreign 

employment. Under these circumstances, efforts to 

raise the costs of border cross through tougher border 

enforcement will backfire: rather than preventing 

entry, it will discourage return migration and actually 

accelerate growth of the undocumented population. 

◆ 

Durand and Massey joined with doctoral student Nolan 

Malone (University of Pennsylvania) to publish Beyond 

Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Age of 

Economic Integration with the Russell Sage Foundation 

in 2002. This book drew upon published and unpublished 

work from the MMP to explain to a general audience 

the origins and operation of the Mexico-U.S. migration 

system and the deleterious consequences of misinformed 

American policies. The book won the principal prize in 

demography from the American Sociological Association 

in 2004, but more importantly, it was widely utilized by 

policy makers in and around Washington, D.C., including 

Senate staff members who were responsible for drafting 

immigration reform legislation recently submitted by 

Senators Kennedy and McCain. In fact, many of the 

proposals made in the last chapter of the book found 

their way into the legislation. Massey testified twice 

before the Senate Judiciary Committee during 2005-2006. 

More recently, Durand and Massey joined to edit the 

volume Crossing the Border: Research from the Mexican 

Immigration Project, also published by the Russell Sage 

Foundation. This book brought together a variety of 

◆


different scholars to perform analyses using MMP data. 

The concluding chapter by Durand and Massey distilled 

policy implications from this research for a general 

audience. Both Smoke and Mirrors and Crossing the 

Border continue to be widely distributed, reflecting the 

high level of continuing interest in Mexican immigration. 

Since 1991, an important part of the outreach effort of 

the MMP has been a traveling exhibit of votive paintings 

rendered by U.S. migrants and their family members 

that depict, in a very down-to-earth and sympathetic 

way, the experience of migration from the perspective 

of those who undertake it. This artwork has most 

recently been exhibited in Museums at the University 

of Mississippi and the University of Texas, San Antonio. 

In June of 2006 the collection will be exhibited at 

Princeton University in association with a scholarly 

conference on immigrants and the arts. 

◆ 

The Latin American Migration Project (LAMP) is a 

collaborative research project also based at Princeton 

University and the University of Guadalajara. The LAMP 

was born as an extension of the Mexican Migration 

Project (MMP) to study migration flows originating in 

other Latin American countries. The LAMP and the 

MMP share the same methodology, which combines 

qualitative and quantitative data-gathering methods in an 

approach known as the ethnosurvey. The LAMP began 

in 1998 with surveys conducted in Puerto Rico, which 

were followed by surveys conducted in the Dominican 

Republic, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Haiti, Peru, Paraguay, 

and Guatemala, and Massey has presented and published 

articles widely and internationally based on LAMP data. 

◆ 

Massey and Magaly Sanchez-Rodriguez studied 

transnational identity and behavior in an ethnographic 

comparison of first- and second-generation Latino 

immigrants. The Transnational Identity research project 

is a sub-project of the Latin American Migration Project 

and the Mexican Migration Project. In order to study 

processes of transnational identity formation, they 

developed a supplementary set of qualitative interviews 

that yielded in-depth narratives gathered from first- and 

second-generation immigrants youths in New York, 

Philadelphia, and suburban New Jersey. Their principal 

goal in conducting this study is to understand the extent 

and nature of transnational identity and the factors that 

condition it. In their interviews, they asked about basic 

traits such as age, gender, residential location, and 

national origins, but also asked open-ended questions on 

topics such as migration, social networks, documentation, 

language use, interpersonal relations with friends and 

relatives abroad, values and aspirations, and perceptions 

of inequality and discrimination. They also gathered 

basic life histories for each respondent. 

The sample was compiled using chain referral methods 

and was recruited to represent four broad categories of 

immigrants: Mexicans, Central Americans, Caribbeans, 

and South Americans. The final sample of 160 persons 

included 55 interviews conducted in Philadelphia, 47 in 

New York, and 58 in New Jersey. It contained 111 first 

generation and 49 second generation immigrants. 

Among all respondents, 67 were female and 93 were 

male; 55 were Mexican, 22 were Central Americans, 29 

were Caribbean, and 44 were South American. The 

interviews have now been transcribed and are in the 

process of being analyzed to study the formation and 

reconstruction of transnational identity among Latin 

American migrants to the United States. They also 

undertook a supplementary pilot study that allowed a 

sub-sample of the qualitative interviewees to define 

what the concepts “Latino” and “American” meant to 

them. Specifically, disposable cameras were given to a 

subset of respondents to the main ethnographic sample, 

and these respondents were asked to take pictures of 

people, things, and objects that seemed, to them, to be 

“American” and “Latino.” Although this qualitative 

photographic approach offers just one window on the 

construction of identity among Latinos in the United 

States, it permits a more intimate view of Latino and 

American identities as perceived by the immigrants 

themselves. The contrast between the perceptions of 

Latin and American identity is stark and provides 

important clues about how migrants perceive U.S. 

society and their place within it. 

◆ 

Massey is also a co-investigator of the New Immigrant 

Survey (NIS), along with Guillermina Jasso (New York 

University), James Smith (University of Pennsylvania), 

and Mark Rosenzweig (Yale University). The New 

Immigrant Survey is a representative panel survey of 

new legal immigrants to the United States based on 

probability samples of administrative records from the 

U.S. Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. 

In 1996, the NIS investigators designed and fielded a 

pilot survey to test sampling procedures, questionnaire 

design, and tracking procedures to inform the 

implementation of the full NIS. The first full cohort 



42 

was sampled during May through November of 2003, 

yielding data on roughly 9,000 new immigrants with 

a response rate of 60%. Data from the baseline survey 

are now available, along with information from the 

pilot survey, at the NIS website. 

◆ 

Alejandro Portes has launched two new studies. The 

first is on the role of transnational organizations on the 

political incorporation of immigrants in the United 

States, supported by the Russell Sage Foundation, and 

the second is on the role of institutions on national 

development, supported by the Princeton Institute for 

International and Regional Studies. The first of these 

studies investigates the extent to which membership in 

foreign-oriented groups and organizations affects the 

process of citizenship acquisition, voting, and civic activities 

in the United States by Latin American immigrants. The 

second focuses on the internal organization and practices 

of three “really-existing” institutions – the stock exchange, 

the post office, and the civil aeronautics authority – in 

three Latin American nations and the ways in which 

they contribute to or retard national development. 

◆ 

Portes completed his analysis of the third wave of CILS, 

and with Patricia Fernández-Kelly and William Haller, 

results were published in an article in a special November 

issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies, which he edited with 

Rubén Rumbaut (University of California, Irvine). Begun 

in 1993, the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal 

Study (CILS) originally centered on a national sample 

of approximately 6000 immigrant children between the 

ages of 9 and 14. Now in their mid-to late-twenties, many 

of those youngsters have found stable employment or 

started businesses, married, and become parents. Others 

have dropped out of school, joined gangs, or ended up 

in prison. CILS is the most extensive investigation of 

the life course of immigrant children in the United 

States. In the past, CILS focused on the normative 

patterns of growth and development among youngsters 

in various national and ethnic groups. The current 

phase (CILS IV) investigates exceptional outcomes. 

This project focuses on the factors that explain success 

in education and employment among disadvantaged 

second-generation immigrants. What elements in family 

formation, parental behavior, and school practices 

contribute to elevate the educational aspirations and 

performance of impoverished immigrant children 


That is a central question behind CILS IV. The study 

relies on ethnographic techniques and in-depth interviews 

with 60 immigrants and their families. Mexicans, 

Cubans, West Indians, and Central Americans feature 

prominently in the study. Portes has also completed a 

comparative study of Latin American urbanization in 

the late twentieth century, conducted in collaboration 

with Bryan Roberts (University of Texas-Austin). The 

project resulted in an edited book published in Buenos 

Aires, Argentina, and two synthetic articles in English. 

◆ 

Patricia Fernández-Kelly, in collaboration with Paul 

DiMaggio (Princeton University), focuses on the 

aesthetic expressions of Cuban Americans in Miami. 

Under the auspices of the Rockefeller Foundation, 

Howl to the Heavens: Art in the Life of Cuban 

Immigrants in the U.S. is based on extensive archival and 

bibliographic research, as well as face-to-face interviews 

with immigrant artists. It is the first systematic inquiry 

on a subject about which little is known. How does 

social class and national background affect the artistic 

production of Cubans in Miami How does aesthetic 

expression influence and be influenced by normative 

American culture These are questions that the project 

aims to answer. Fernandez-Kelly hypothesizes that, 

given cultural and linguistic differences between 

immigrants and the host society, music, drama, dance, 

and painting enable newcomers to assert national 

distinctiveness while at the same time connecting with 

the mainstream. Furthermore, artistic manifestations 

differ significantly in terms of class, with older and more 

affluent Cubans maintaining linear aesthetic preferences 

derived from a rich cultural tradition and working-class 

Cubans espousing discontinuous tastes. In the latter case, 

Hip-Hop emerges as a means for self-differentiation 

and interaction with other ethnic and national groups 

within and outside the United States. 

◆ 

As chair of the Panel on Hispanics in the United States, 

Marta Tienda investigated the Hispanic demographic 

and their progress relative to the U.S. population. There 

currently exists a rising skill gap between Hispanics and 

whites. Although this gap is largely the product of the 

sizeable number of low-skill immigrants, schooling 

trends among the native born also contribute. A pivotal 

element of this story is the Hispanic second generation, 

the children of Spanish-speaking immigrants, who are 

coming of age in an aging white society. Today, the 

majority of the second generation is in school and facing


low educational attainment; by 2030, the majority will 

in the labor force. Therefore, there exists a critical need 

to invest significantly toward the education of secondand 

third-generation Hispanics. Such investments will 

capitalize on the demographic dividend of Hispanic 

youth and enhance their potential labor market 

participation trajectories, as well as create new 

opportunities for social inclusion and advancement. 

◆ 

As part of their ongoing research on Hispanics in 

the United States, Marta Tienda and Mary Fischer 

(University of Connecticut) examined trends in spatial 

segregation, school segregation, homeownership, and 

employment outcomes for native- and foreign-born 

Hispanics since 1980. Focusing on the 100 largest 

metropolitan areas, they consider whether, where, and 

how Hispanics’ new settlement patterns alter the racial 

and ethnic landscape. Fischer and Tienda conclude that 

the Hispanic geographic scattering is a significant agent 

of urban social transformation, both because of the pace 

of change and because of the large number of places 

involved. Widespread declines in racial residential 

segregation during the 1990s, especially in areas where 

Hispanics have recently emerged on the scene, suggest 

that newcomers may serve as a buffer between blacks 

and whites, but it is too early for definitive conclusions. 

Furthermore, changes in the labor demand are the 

major force attracting Hispanics to new destinations 

and largely explain why the Hispanic dispersal 

disproportionately involves immigrants, among 

whom recent arrivals predominate. 

◆ 

Marta Tienda and her colleagues, as a capstone for the 

Program in Urbanization and Migration, edited a 

volume focusing on regional and global forces shaping 

future urbanization and migration patterns in Africa. 

Africa’s recent and rapid pace of urbanization has occurred 

in the absence of significant economic development and 

is characterized by large intra-continental variation in 

levels and growth rates. In an effort to better understand 

the contours and future trends of migration and 

urbanization within Africa, the editors compiled 

research from developed and developing regions and 

considered its implication for Africa. Despite significant 

data limitations, a combination of global and regional 

trends was presented in conjunction with specific case 

studies to highlight the dynamics of urban growth. 

One of the volume’s primary findings is the need to 

link migration and urbanization patterns to broader 

socio-economic and political dynamics. Furthermore, 

the need for accurate and consistent data is stressed. 

◆ 

Gretchen Livingston is using data on Mexican migrant 

men in the U.S. to examine the causal mechanisms 

explaining why married men tend to have higher wages 

than their unmarried counterparts. Capitalizing on the 

variations in co-residence among Mexican immigrant 

men, as well as fixed effects techniques, she evaluates 

the validity of the four primary hypotheses regarding 

men’s wage premium: household specialization; selectivity 

into marriage; a ‘settlement effect’ caused by marriage; 

and favorable treatment of married men by employers. 

Results confirm that selectivity into marriage is not 

responsible for men’s marital wage premium. Preliminary 

results regarding which causal mechanism does explain 

the wage premium associated with marriage are not wholly 

conclusive; though household specialization may play 

some role, results suggest that employer discrimination 

or a ‘settling effect’ may also be in operation. 

Despite it’s prominence in the conventional wisdom, 

the idea that social networks are an important means of 

economic achievement among immigrants in the U.S. 

has been the subject of little quantitative analysis, and 

the work that has been done is plagued by methodological 

weaknesses that compromise past findings. Livingston, 

using multiple methods, and correcting for weaknesses 

in past work, reassessed the effect of networks on 

immigrant wages, thus producing a more reliable 

estimate. Results show that migrant kin networks have 

a small but positive effect on Mexican migrant men’s 

wages, and that this effect is significantly stronger 

among low-wage workers. 

◆ 

Continuing her collaboration with Sara Curran 

(University of Washington) and Filiz Garip (Sociology), 

Livingston is examining the impact of migration on 

rural sending regions of Nang Rong, Thailand. She 

considers the effect of labor migration on the age 

structure, generational structure, dependency ratio, and 

sex ratio within those households and communities ‘left 

behind.’ Given that demographic and household structures 

have socio-economic and normative implications, their 

results will provide the first step in a comprehensive 

analysis of the consequences of migration on aging, 

caregiving, and intergenerational relationships within 

families in rural sending regions. 



44 

Social Inequality 

Katherine Newman’s research interests include urban 

poverty, occupational mobility, and subjective dimensions 

of economic dislocation. Her current research focuses 

on the long-term career pathways of low-wage workers 

and the impact of tight labor markets on the working 

poor. She is inaugurating research in Japan on transitions 

from school to work among students from low prestige 

schools and a project in India on labor market access 

for educated professionals from low caste backgrounds. 

One of the questions that she asks is: What it is like to 

be working, but poor in the U.S. and other countries 

Millions of Americans work full time and all year 

round, but they earn so little that they are still living 

below the poverty line. Even more families are “near 

poor,” with incomes that put them above the magic 

line, but make them vulnerable to financial disaster. 

She has found that the working poor share values and 

goals with many middle class Americans: they want 

their children to succeed where they have faltered; they 

want to live in safe, secure neighborhoods; they look to 

the work world as a place in which to find meaning, 

even in menial jobs. Yet the commonalities with the 

middle class end at the point where we consider the 

barriers they face. In periods of high growth, labor market 

opportunities open up and make it possible for the 

working poor to become upwardly mobile. But in bad 

times, the resistance of employers, the consequences 

of erratic ties to the labor market generated by family 

demands, and the difficulty of piling up more 

educational credentials come home to roost. 

In her recently published book Chutes and Ladders: 

Navigating the Low Wage Labor Market, Katherine 

Newman follows the movements of low wage workers 

who began their careers flipping burgers in fast food 

shops over an eight-year period. It focuses on their 

pathways through the labor market as it tightened up 

in the late 1990s and the early part of this decade. First 

chronicled in her 1999 book, No Shame in My Game, 

these workers fanned out into high flyers who are no 

longer poor at all and low riders who remain locked in 

bad jobs and sporadic contact with the TANF system. 

Based largely on ethnographic research over an eightyear 

period, Newman also provides an analysis of the 

SIPP survey that examines the same kind of workers 

(minorities from poor households in the food industry) 

over the same time period and discerns much the same 


patterns of mobility. From her current research will 

come Lost in America: The Dilemmas of the Missing Class 

(with Victor Tan Chen, Harvard University). This book, 

due out in 2007, analyzes the conditions of the near 

poor, a population that has been largely neglected by 

social scientists and journalists. They are the American 

families whose household incomes are 100-200% of the 

poverty line. While the real poor often suffer from social 

isolation and concentrated poverty, the near poor are 

considerably better off but still vulnerable to downward 

mobility. They are subjected to relative deprivation 

more than concentrated poverty; they often experience 

high levels of debt in pursuit of a standard of living they 

aspire to, but cannot afford; their children may not repeat 

their good fortune because they are left unsupervised 

while their parents are working and fail standardized 

tests since they lack adult help that the school system 

depends on. 

◆ 

Katherine Newman is also the founder and director of 

Princeton’s Global Network on Inequality, a collaborative 

project with Harvard University’s Inequality and Social 

Policy program. The focus of the program is on inequality, 

highlighting the recent spread of disparities in income, 

education attainment, and health in both advanced 

industrial societies as well as developing nations. The 

program provides fellowships for graduate students in 

the social sciences to conduct research abroad for two 

months, affording them the benefit of working with 

faculty from different intellectual traditions. The new 

network consists of 15 research institutes and university 

departments across Western Europe and Japan, with 

more countries planned for the future. Currently, students 

may choose to work in Britain, Denmark, France, 

Germany, Ireland, Japan, Italy, Norway, Spain, or The 

Netherlands. Two OPR students, Christine Percheski 

and Nick Ehrmann, were among the first cohort to 

participate as Fellows of the Global Network on 

Inequality. The international exchange of ideas also 

extends to research scholars through conferences that 

bring together reknowned colleagues and specialists in 

the field. The program is supported by the Princeton 

Institute for International and Regional Studies and the 

Woodrow Wilson School. 

In recent years, worsening economic conditions in 

France have led to growing tensions between native-born 

French and a rising tide of immigrants, largely from 

North Africa and other parts of the developing world. 

◆


The French criminal justice system has responded to 

perceived levels of social disorder and delinquency in 

these ethnic neighborhoods by increasing police 

surveillance, widening court jurisdiction, and imposing 

harsher penalties for offenders. As a result, France’s 

foreign and immigrant residents, who comprise only 

about 6 percent of the population overall, now represent 

nearly 30 percent of the French prison population. 

Funded by a Fulbright award, Devah Pager investigates 

whether the rise of ethnic differentiation and economic 

instability in France is associated with a more punitive 

approach to managing social disorder. In the process, she 

aims to untangle the relationships between immigrant 

status, national origin, and economic standing as they 

relate to trends in law enforcement and criminal justice. 

◆ 

Devah Pager, under new funding from a W.T. Grant 

Scholars award and an NSF Career award, is pursuing a 

research program that contributes to the literature on 

persistent racial disparities by examining how racial bias 

and discrimination affect the trajectories of black youth. 

Three sets of studies are included: The first focuses 

directly on the case of employment discrimination against 

young disadvantaged men, using both experimental 

field methods and in-depth interviews to gain a dual 

perspective on the job matching process. The second 

series of studies turn to the question of public opinion, 

investigating how racial attitudes influence public support 

for social policies aimed to help individuals struggling 

to find work. This research uses experimental survey 

techniques to explore sensitive racial attitudes without 

requiring explicit racial comparisons. Finally, a third 

series of studies explore the underlying mechanisms that 

produce discrimination. This research borrows methods 

from social psychology to isolate both the conscious and 

unconscious associations that increase or inhibit the 

expression of discrimination. 

◆ 

Racial progress over the past four decades has lead some 

researchers and policy makers to proclaim the problem 

of discrimination solved. But the debates about 

discrimination have been obscured by a lack of reliable 

evidence. Funded by grants or portions of funds from 

the National Science Foundation, the JEHT Foundation, 

the Departments of Justice, and the Russell Sage 

Foundation, Devah Pager and Bruce Western adopted 

an experimental audit approach to formally test patterns 

of discrimination in the low-wage labor market of New 

York City. By using matched teams of individuals to 

apply for real entry-level jobs, it was possible to directly 

measure the extent to which race/ethnicity, in the 

absence of other disqualifying characteristics, reduce 

employment opportunities among equally qualified 

applicants. They find that whites are systemically 

favored over black and Latino job seekers. Indeed, the 

effect of discrimination is so large that white job seekers 

just released from prison do no worse than blacks without 

criminal records. Relying on both quantitative and 

qualitative data from the testers’ experiences, this study 

presents striking evidence of the continuing significance 

of race in shaping the employment opportunities of 

low-wage workers. 

◆ 

The myriad consequences of the prison boom in America 

are becoming more far-reaching, affecting not only the 

incarcerated and their families, but also in triggering a 

major shift in family structure and childrearing. With 

the increase in incarceration among low-education black 

men comes a significant increase in poor minority families 

forced to deal with the adjustment of an absentee father 

and partner, and significant readjustment upon their 

return. In addition, current statistics show a decrease in 

the pool of black males available for marriage. While 

much of this is the obvious result of imprisonment 

itself, researchers believe this may also be attributable to 

an increasing perception among urban women that this 

population of men are “high risk,” for reasons stemming 

from the stigma of imprisonment; perceived risks of 

repeated criminal behavior; and inability to provide 

financially. Much of the research into criminal behavior 

indicates that marriage, by virtue of its inherent 

responsibilities and obligations, is to some degree a 

deterrent to aberrant or criminal behavior. Few studies, 

however, have explored the effects of incarceration on 

marriage, the prospect of marriage, or on family. Bruce 

Western addresses these issues in a recent study. His 

findings indicate that black urban males account for the 

largest population in America’s prisons. Largely unmarried 

upon entering prison, their chances of marriage post 

prison are among the lowest, compared to their Hispanic 

and white counterparts. While much of this can be 

attributed to unstable character traits and poor 

socioeconomic standing, research suggests a strong 

correlation between joblessness and rate of marriage. 

Factors of selection and incapacitation associated with 

ex-prisoners, namely the stigma associated with having a 

prison record, low self-esteem, poor economic standing, 



46 

lack of or deteriorated support systems, inability to 

find adequate employment, etc. affect both single and 

married felons’ own perceptions, and sharply colors 

that of women, positioning these men as “undesirable.” 

Western’s findings support the need for improved 

educational and vocational initiatives in urban areas 

before men are inclined to criminal behavior. His 

findings also point to the need for the establishment of 

out-placement mechanisms within the prison system. 

◆ 

Bruce Western and Becky Pettit (University of 

Washington) have found that the observed gap in 

average wages between black men and white men 

inadequately reflects the relative economic standing of 

blacks, who suffer from a high rate of joblessness. The 

authors estimate the black-white gap in hourly wages 

from 1980 to 1999 adjusting for the sample selection 

effect of labor inactivity. Among working-age men in 

1999, accounting for labor inactivity – including prison 

and jail incarceration – leads to an increase of 7%–20% 

in the black-white wage gap. Adjusting for sample 

selectivity among men ages 22–30 in 1999 increases 

the wage gap by as much as 58%. Pettit and Western’s 

project research in the last year has found that lifetime 

risks of imprisonment have become historically high 

for recent birth cohorts of black men, exceeding the 

prevalence of either college graduation or military 

service. High rates of imprisonment are associated with 

high risks of divorce for men after release. Some of this 

research has been published in scholarly journals. A 

book manuscript drawing together the whole project 

is forthcoming with the Russell Sage Foundation. 

◆ 

Christine Paxson and associates have begun a new project 

that examines how a group of low-income parents from 

New Orleans, all of whom registered for community 

college in 2004, have coped with the effects of Hurricane 

Katrina. They plan to study how the pre-hurricane 

resources and capacities of individuals – defined to 

include their mental and physical health, social networks, 

and economic resources – affect their ability to 

successfully adjust to a major life trauma. The outcomes 

they will focus on include psychological distress, symptoms 

of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 

and substance abuse. They will also examine the 

determinants of successful social and economic adjustment, 

including the re-establishment of social networks and 

resumption of employment and educational activities. 


The low-income parents in the sample are participants 

in an on-going multi-site randomized intervention – 

the Opening Doors program – that had sucessfully 

increased educational attainment among members of 

the treatment group relative to those in the the control 

group. This feature of the data will make it possible to 

examine whether those in the treatment group were 

better equipped to cope with the hurricane. The study 

will make use of extensive pre-hurricane data that have 

already been collected for 492 Opening Doors participants 

from New Orleans, combined with new quantitative 

and qualitative data that is to be collected for this 

sample in the spring of 2006. 

◆ 

Racial disparities in health and mortality have long been 

of interest to demographers and social scientists more 

generally, and it is well known that nonwhites have 

poorer health and higher mortality rates than whites. 

Active Life Expectancy (ALE) is a measure that combines 

both health and mortality information into a concise 

summary of remaining life that one can expect to live 

free from disability. Recent research has investigated 

racial differences in ALE but has been severely limited 

in several ways. First, studies have not examined life 

course patterns in ALE; instead, research has focused on 

inequalities at one particular age (e.g., at 65). Yet there 

are theoretical reasons to expect ALE differences to 

change across age (e.g., heterogeneity and selection). 

Second, studies of racial inequality in ALE have not 

been statistical. Extant methods only produce point 

estimates for ALE. Given that most health and disability 

data are from sample surveys, however, valid comparisons 

of ALE across race must be statistical. Third, in part 

because of the inability to make statistical comparisons, 

explanations of racial inequalities in ALE remain 

completely uninvestigated in contemporary research. 

Scott Lynch, under new R03 funding to establish and 

explain racial differences in Active Life Expectancy, 

looks to remedy these shortcomings by using a recently 

developed Bayesian approach to generating multistate 

life tables that allows the inclusion of covariates and 

enables the construction of interval estimates of ALE 

and other life table quantities. Using this approach, he 

is first constructing interval estimates of gross racial 

differences in ALE. Second, as part of this process, he is 

examining age patterns in racial inequality in ALE to 

determine whether white and nonwhite ALE estimates 

converge or diverge past midlife. Third, he will begin to 

explain racial differences in ALE by considering the


mediating role of socioeconomic status, and will expand 

the investigation to explain age patterns in racial 

inequality in ALE. This work will serve as a preliminary 

investigation into more general research examining 

other measures of health in later life. 

◆ 

Mario Small has been working on several projects in 

poverty and inequality. One is a project of whether and 

how low-income parents in poor areas use childcare 

centers as means for accessing resources from wider 

society. The first paper in this line of research, “Are Poor 

Neighborhoods Resource-Deprived A Case Study of 

Childcare Centers in New York,” co-authored with 

Laura Stark (Princeton University) was published in 

Social Science Quarterly; it is a study of childcare center 

availability in high poverty neighborhoods. Another 

study, “Neighborhood Institutions as Resource Brokers: 

Childcare Centers, Interorganizational Ties, and 

Resource Access Among the Poor,” is forthcoming in 

Social Problems. A second project tests hypotheses he 

initially developed in his 2004 book, Villa Victoria: The 

Transformation of Social Capital in an Urban Barrio, 

which examines how neighborhood poverty affects life 

chances. One hypothesis from this book was the idea 

that high poverty neighborhoods would only experience 

serious de-institutionalization under certain circumstances. 

This paper, co-authored with Monica McDermott 

(Stanford University), is titled “The Presence of 

Organizational Resource,” and was published in Social 

Forces. The third project is a study of the performance 

of black students in elite institutions of higher education. 

“Black Students’ Graduation from Elite Colleges: Do 

Institutional Characteristics Matter” is forthcoming in 

Social Science Research. 

◆ 

Jeffrey Kling’s research on incarceration length, 

employment, and earnings examined data from all five 

sites of the Moving to Opportunity demonstration, 

which included a randomized lottery offering housing 

vouchers to families in public housing. The research 

design provides a unique opportunity to definitively 

measure and to understand the impacts of a change in 

neighborhood on the social wellbeing of low-income 

families. Papers completed included: “Neighborhood 

Effects on Barriers To Employment: Results from a 

Randomized Housing Mobility Experiment”; 

“Neighborhoods and Academic Achievement: Results 

from the MTO Experiment”; “Experimental Analysis 

of Neighborhood Effects”; “Is Crime Contagious”; 

“Moving At-Risk Youth Out of High-Risk 

Neighborhoods: Why Girls Fare Better Than Boys.” 

◆ 

Thomas Espenshade, together with other Princeton 

University faculty and administrative colleagues, including 

Joan Girgus and Nicole Shelton in Psychology, Dean 

Nancy Malkiel, and Vice President Janet Dickerson, are 

directing the Campus Life in America Student Survey 

(CLASS) with support from the Ford Foundation. They 

are being assisted by project director Marc Weiner. Five 

other U.S. universities are collaborating with Princeton 

on the CLASS project, which is an ongoing effort to 

explore the educational benefits of diversity. Recognizing 

that it is time to reframe the debate about affirmative 

action in terms of making the most of diversity, the second 

phase research design centers on three critical questions: 

1) How engaged are today’s undergraduate students with 

diversity experiences on their campuses 2) How satisfied 

are they with these engagements and 3) What can colleges 

and universities do in terms of their campus policies and 

practices to maximize the educational benefits of diversity 

To address these questions during the first phase, a 

collaborative multi-institutional project was mounted that 

involved students and administrators at six universities 

across the country. On each campus, student survey data 

was collected that capture how involved students are with 

peers from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, where and 

under what circumstances difference is encountered, and 

how students evaluate the benefits of those engagements. 

More than 12,000 student surveys were collected. 

Aggregate quantitative data were collected from 

institutional researchers about structural diversity in the 

student body, faculty, and staff, as well as comprehensive 

indicators about campus life. Qualitative interview data 

was collected from administrators on what policies and 

practices with respect to diversity are now in place, how 

these programs are working, how institutions frame 

diversity issues, and how committed institutions are to 

diversity-related goals. Those 100 interviews have been 

transcribed and coded for analysis. 

The first phase of the project was viewed as a pilot project 

designed to test the feasibility of gaining institutional 

cooperation, of deploying a standard student survey 

instrument to large numbers of undergraduates using a 

web-based design, and of collecting qualitative interview 

data from campus administrators. These efforts have 

proven to be successful. The student response rate was very 

good by web-based survey standards, and the institutions 



48 

were remarkably generous with both their institutional 

data and their time. In the process, a wealth of meaningful 

cross-sectional data was obtained. The second two-year 

follow-on phase of the CLASS project will have three core 

activities: 1) to resurvey the existing freshman-first-year 

cohort (who will be junior-third-year students during the 

next academic year, 2006-2007); 2) to engage in a 

thorough analysis of the multi-mode data set already 

obtained, supplemented with the to-be-collected 

longitudinal data; and 3) to engage in outreach and 

dissemination efforts on the educational benefits of 

diversity, which will aid in defending against the assault on 

affirmative action, as well as in assisting colleges and 

universities in developing best-practice diversity plans. 

◆ 

Thomas Espenshade and Alexandria Walton are completing 

a book on the race and social class dimensions of elite 

college admission and campus life, with support from the 

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Topics include factors 

affecting admission to academically selective colleges and 

universities, strategies that high school students use to 

position themselves for admission, academic performance 

in college, patterns of social interaction, characteristics of 

enrolled students, and how students and their families pay 

for college. 

◆ 

Anna Zajacova, Scott Lynch, and Thomas Espenshade 

investigated the joint effects of academic self-efficacy and 

stress on the academic performance of 107 nontraditional, 

largely immigrant and minority, college freshmen at a large 

urban commuter institution. They developed a survey 

instrument to measure the level of academic self-efficacy 

and perceived stress associated with 27 college-related 

tasks. Both scales had high reliability, and they were 

moderately negatively correlated. The researchers estimated 

structural equation models to assess the relative importance 

of stress and self-efficacy in predicting three academic 

performance outcomes: first-year college GPA, the number 

of accumulated credits, and college retention after the first 

year. The results suggest that academic self-efficacy is a 

more robust and consistent predictor than stress of 

academic success. 

◆ 

Espenshade and Chang Y. Chung looked at the 

opportunity cost of admission preferences at elite 

universities. Their study examined how preferences for 

different types of applicants for admission to elite 


universities influence the number and composition of 

admitted students. Previous research with these NSCE 

data employed logistic regression analysis to link 

information on the admission decision for 124,374 

applications to applicants’ SAT scores, race, athletic 

ability, and legacy status, among other variables. Here 

the researchers use micro simulations to illustrate what 

the effects might be if one were to withdraw preferences 

for different student groups. Their results indicate that a 

race-neutral admission policy would substantially reduce 

the share of African Americans and Hispanics among 

admitted students. Preferences for athletes and legacies, 

however, only mildly displace members of minority 

groups. They conclude that elite colleges and universities 

extend preferences to many types of students, yet 

preferences surrounding race and ethnicity generate 

the most controversy. 

◆ 

In their research on a “frog-pond” model of elite college 

admission proposed by Attewell, operationalizing high 

school academic context as the secondary school-average 

SAT score and number of Advanced Placement tests per 

high school senior, Thomas Espenshade, Lauren Hale 

(State University of New York, Stony Brook) and Chang Y. 

Chung looked at data on more than 45,000 applications 

to three elite universities. They show that a high school’s 

academic environment has a negative effect on college 

admission, controlling for individual students’ scholastic 

ability. A given applicant’s chances of being accepted are 

reduced if he or she comes from a high school with 

relatively more highly talented students, that is, if the 

applicant is a small frog in a big pond. Direct evidence on 

high school class rank produces similar findings. A school’s 

reputation or prestige has a counterbalancing positive 

effect on college admission. Institutional gatekeepers are 

susceptible to context effects, but the influence of school 

variables is small relative to the characteristics of individual 

students. The authors tie the findings to prior work on 

meritocracy in college admission and to the role played by 

elite education in promoting opportunity or reproducing 

inequality, and they speculate on the applicability of 

frog-pond models in areas beyond elite college admission. 

◆ 

The United States has the largest captive population in the 

world – more than two million people in this country 

wake up in jails and prisons every morning. Although 

African Americans and Hispanics constitute only about a 

quarter of the U.S. population, they represent 60 percent 

of all prisoners. Patricia Fernández-Kelly is investigating


the adaptation practices of long-term inmates – The Moral 

Monster: Honor and Masculinity in a Maximum-Security 

Prison. Prisons create unnatural environments where 

individuals are forced to make adjustments on a daily basis 

in order to avert random violence, secure resources, and 

avert conflict with administrators and security personnel. 

Many prisoners fail in that pursuit or deliberately engage 

in confrontation or resistance. Yet others seek to redefine 

who they are through engagement in education and civil 

interaction with the public. How and why do prisoners, 

vilified and condemned, seek to reconstruct a dignified 

identity This is the question at the center of this research 

project, supported in part by the Committee for the Self- 

Development of People of the Presbyterian Church USA. 

In another study based on in-depth interviews and 

correspondence with prisoners and administrators, and 

in collaboration with Hispanic Americans for Progress, 

a self-help not-for-profit organization at the New Jersey 

State Prison, Fernandez-Kelly is researching the patterns 

of behavior and ideational schemes that enable inmates to 

salvage honor and even inspire other prisoners as well as 

the public at large. 

◆ 

In the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen (NLSF), 

Douglas Massey joins with co-investigator Camille Charles 

of the University of Pennsylvania to follow a cohort of 

first-time freshman at selective colleges and universities 

through their college careers. Equal numbers of whites, 

blacks, Hispanics, and Asians were sampled as they entered 

each of 28 participating schools in the fall of 1999, 

yielding roughly 4,000 respondents who were followed 

and re-interviewed in spring of 2000, 2001, 2002, and 

2003. The initial response rate was 85 percent, and 

successive follow-up rates ranged from 95 percent in the 

first follow-up to 80 percent in the last. The first book 

based on the data, The Source of the River, examined the 

social, economic, academic, and demographic origins of 

different racial/ethnic groups upon entry into college and 

how background differences affected early performance in 

college. Later work has explored the role of segregation, 

stereotype threat, and immigrant origins in determining 

minority college performance, resulting in numerous 

papers. A new book analyzing the experience of students 

in their freshman and sophomore years is currently in 

preparation. 

◆ 

Douglas Massey is currently developing two new projects 

to continue his long-standing interest in the causes and 

consequences of racial segregation. In one project currently 

under review at NICHD, he teams with Greg Duncan and 

other researchers at Northwestern University to add 

biomarkers of allostatic load to the Adolescent Health 

survey. Using these data, they intend to measure the 

degree to which the stress of living in poor, segregated 

communities produces cardiovascular problems, higher 

rates of auto-immune disease, impairments of memory 

and information processing, and greater propensities for 

impulsive behavior. 

Massey’s other new developing research project is to 

evaluate the effects of affordable housing projects in 

suburban areas, focusing on the Mt. Laurel housing 

project in New Jersey. The proposed research will 

systematically assess the effects of the housing project 

on the surrounding community and conduct a controlled 

statistical analysis of the effect of the move to the suburbs 

on project residents themselves. Combining a sample 

of project residents together with a sample matched 

using propensity score methods that contains people 

who applied for but did not get into the Mt. Laurel 

development, the project seeks to conduct a quasiexperimental 

evaluation of neighborhood effects on 

social and economic outcomes. 

◆ 

Marta Tienda and colleagues released a National Academy 

of Sciences report on Hispanics and the American Future in 

which three major findings are discussed. First, Hispanics 

are the fastest growing population, contributing half of 

demographic growth. They are a young population. That 

births will outpace immigration as a component of growth 

has set in motion an unprecedented generational transition. 

That the majority white baby boom population is reaching 

retirement age means that the Hispanic second generation 

is coming of age in an aging society. This represents an 

opportunity to attenuate the consequences of population 

aging, but only if adequate educational investments are 

made in the second generation. Second, Hispanic 

population has become more geographically dispersed, 

a process that has been driven by immigrants. This has 

profound implications for integration prospects of 

Hispanics, particularly in places where the color line was 

sharply drawn in black and white. The contours of 

residential segregation and school segregation are likely to 

be altered in the future. Third, Hispanic health shows clear 

signs of deterioration over time and across generations. 

The obesity crisis among Hispanic youth is particularly 

disturbing both because of the rapid growth of this 

population segment and because the rates of obesity 

and overweight have also increased more for Hispanics 

compared with other youth. 


49


50 

In response to the judicial ban on the use of race-sensitive 

admissions, the 75th Texas legislature passed H.B. 588, 

which guarantees admission to any Texas public college or 

university for all seniors graduating in the top decile of their 

class. The Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project 

(THEOP), with funding from the Ford Foundation, the 

Mellon Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, the Spencer 

Foundation, and the National Science Foundation, is a 

multi-year study that investigates college planning and 

enrollment behavior under this policy. Researchers at OPR 

who work on this project include Marta Tienda, the 

principal investigator, and Sunny Niu, Kalena Cortes, and 

Dawn Koffman. The study collected administrative data on 

applications, admissions and enrollment from 12 colleges 

and universities in the state that differ in the selectivity of 

their admissions, and conducted a two-cohort longitudinal 

survey of sophomores and seniors who were enrolled in 

Texas public schools as of spring, 2002. A random sample 

of 5,836 respondents from the senior cohort were reinterviewed 

(Wave 2) one year after graduating from high 

school to ascertain their actual college enrollment status. 

Wave 3 of the project is currently underway, where the 

senior cohort are being reinterviewed, when a large majority 

of them who attended college are juniors and seniors. 

A random sample of the sophomore cohort was reinterviewed 

during their senior year to record their 

progress in high school, their college plans, and changes 

in other circumstances. The senior and sophomore 

Wave 1 public-use datasets became available through 

the OPR data archive in February 2005, and the senior 

Wave 2 public-use data set is now also accessible. 

A list of findings that have been published using 

this data can be found at the THEOP website on 

http://www.texastop10.princeton.edu/published.html. 


◆ 

Marta Tienda and Sunny Niu conducted research using 

THEOP data to show that high levels of residential and 

school segregation facilitates minority enrollment at selective 

public institutions under the uniform admission law 

because black and Hispanic students who rank at the top of 

their class disproportionately hail from minority-dominant 

schools. However, qualifying minority students’ lower 

likelihood of college enrollment at the flagships reflects 

concentrated disadvantage rather than segregation per se. 

Tienda and Niu continued to use data from the THEOP 

to empirically evaluate the “brain drain” hypothesis, 

addressing three questions about college choice using a 

representative sample of Texas high school seniors whose 

admissions were governed by H.B.588. First, how does 

type of high school attended influence seniors’ college 

preferences for and enrollment in a Texas versus non- 

Texas postsecondary institution Second, how do college 

preferences and enrollment decisions differ by school 

type for top decile graduates Finally, is there evidence 

that second decile students who graduate from the most 

competitive public high schools leave the state because they 

are crowded out of the two flagships The authors found 

no empirical support for a “brain drain” due to crowding. 

◆ 

Meredith Kleykamp used THEOP and other data sources 

to question what factors are associated with joining the 

military after high school rather than attending college, 

joining the civilian labor force, or doing some other 

activity. Three areas of influence on military enlistment are 

highlighted: educational goals, the institutional presence of 

the military in communities, and race and socioeconomic 

status. The analysis uses data from a recent cohort of high 

school graduates from the state of Texas in 2002, when the 

U.S. is at war, and employs multinomial logistic regression 

to model the correlates of post-high school choice of 

activity in this cohort. Results confirm the hypothesis that 

a higher military institutional presence increases the odds 

of enlisting in the military relative to enrolling in college, 

becoming employed, or doing some other activity after high 

school. Additionally, college aspirations are clearly associated 

with the decision to enroll in college versus enlist and also 

increase the odds of joining the military rather than the 

civilian labor market, or remaining idle. Unlike previous 

studies, few racial and ethnic differences are found. 

According to this study, voluntary military enlistment 

during wartime is associated with college aspirations, 

lower socioeconomic status, and living in an area with a 

high military presence. 

◆ 

Kalena Cortes, using administrative data from several 

universities in Texas gathered by the Texas Higher 

Education Opportunity Project, continued investigating 

the effect of college quality on completion rates of minority 

and non-minority students, as well as the impact of the 

change from race-sensitive to ranked-based admissions 

policies. She finds that minority and non-minority students 

who attended selective colleges were 18-23 and 29-39 

percentage points, respectively, more likely to complete 

college within five years of enrollment compared with


those who attended less selective colleges. Further, college 

completion rates for students ranked in the second and 

lower deciles are lower for minority compared with nonminority 

students. College completion rates for minority 

students declined by 6 percentage points under the Texas 

Top 10% plan, whereas college completion rates for nonminority 

students declined by less than 2 percentage points. 

◆ 

Marta Tienda, together with collaborator Michael Rutter 

(King’s College, London), used ethnic group differences as a 

means of examining and, where possible, testing competing 

hypotheses about mediating causal mechanisms. The 

research strategy involves determining which risk or 

protective factors are significantly associated with particular 

psychosocial outcomes within each group. The researchers 

have chosen to focus, for the most part, on the United 

States and the United Kingdom, which have an interesting 

and informative mix of similarities and differences that help 

in testing causal hypotheses. Immigration has diversified the 

populations of both countries during the past three decades, 

as has high fertility of foreign-born women. Yet, ethnic 

minorities in the United States and the United Kingdom 

reveal differing residential settlement patterns and 

socioeconomic resources. Because many ethnic minorities 

suffer social disadvantage, some writers have tended to 

imply that the two are synonymous. This research aims 

to highlight that they are not, and rather analyze the 

appreciable heterogeneity of ethnicity on diverse outcomes, 

including educational attainment, socialization practices, 

antisocial behavior, mental health, and identity 

development. The researchers’ findings show that ethnic 

groups are widely diverse on almost any feature selected 

for examination; they differ among themselves at least as 

much as they differ from “white” populations. 

◆ 

Marta Tienda and Sigal Alon (Tel Aviv University) 

conducted collaborative research to evaluate the “mismatch” 

hypothesis advocated by opponents of affirmative action, 

which predicts lower graduation rates for minority students 

who attend selective postsecondary institutions compared 

with those who attend colleges and universities where their 

academic credentials are better matched to the institutional 

average. Using two nationally representative longitudinal 

surveys (HS&B and NELS:88) and a unique survey 

of students enrolled at selective and highly selective 

institutions (C&B), the authors tested the “mismatch” 

hypothesis by implementing a robust methodology that 

jointly considers enrollment in and graduation from 

selective institutions as interrelated outcomes. Their 

findings do not support the “mismatch” hypothesis for 

black and Hispanic (as well as white and Asian) students 

who attended college during the 1980s and early 1990s. 

◆ 

Sigal Alon has been studying the U.S. postsecondary 

education system to evaluate the impact of social policies 

on race and class disparities in access, experiences, and 

performance of student at selective and non-selective 

institutions. She also developed a conceptual framework for 

examining the role of financial aid in facilitating college 

persistence. With support from the American Educational 

Research Association and the Spencer Foundation, she 

started to examine the implementation of this framework 

to several issues. Among the questions she has been 

especially interested in are the effectiveness of financial 

aid in promoting the persistence of minority students to 

complete their college education, as well as the effectiveness 

of need-based aid and broad-scale state merit-based 

scholarships in promoting student success in attaining 

a Bachelor’s degree. 


OPR PROFESSIONAL 

A CTIVITIES 

Jeanne Altmann 

Elizabeth 

Armstrong 

Anne Case 

Angus Deaton 

Michelle DeKlyen 

Thurston 

Domina 

52 

Jeanne Altmann served as a member of the board of 

the Museum Learning Collaborative, University of 

Pittsburgh, Learning Research and Development Center, 

and a member of the Board of External Advisors, 

Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center. She also 

served as Chair for the Scientific Advisory Committee, 

Integrated Nonhuman Primate Biomaterials and 

Information Resource. She is a manuscript reviewer 

for Animal Behaviour, American Journal of Physical 

Anthropology, American Naturalist, Behavioral Ecology 

and Sociobiology, Developmental Psychobiology, Ecology, 

International Journal of Primatology, Journal of 

Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, Journal of 

Mammalogy, National Geographic Research, Nature, 

Science, Oikos, Psychological Bulletin, and Zoo Biology. 

She is a book manuscript reviewer for Aldine 

Publishing, Harvard University Press, Oxford 

University Press, Princeton University Press, 

and University of Chicago Press. 

Elizabeth Armstrong served on the Governing Body 

of the Lamaze International Certification Council, as 

an Expert Committee Member for the Physicians for 

Reproductive Choice and Health, Committee on the 

Status of the Fetus, and as Health Policy Chair of the 

Medical Sociology Section, American Sociological 

Association. She gave lectures at Duke University, 

the University of California at San Francisco, Rutgers 

University, Columbia University, Johns Hopkins 

University, the University of Pennsylvania, the Medical 

Society of New Jersey, the American Public Health 

Association annual meeting, and at the Eastern 

Sociological Society annual meeting. 

Anne Case continues to serve as the Director of 

Princeton’s Research Program in Development Studies 

at the Woodrow Wilson School. Her research interests 

include microeconomic foundations of development, 

health economics, public finance, and labor economics. 

She presented lectures at numerous conferences and 

universities in South Africa, Canada, and the United 

States. She continued as a founding board member of 

the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of 

Development, and she serves on the board of editors of 

the American Economic Review and the World Bank 

Economic Review. Case is a member of the Population 

Studies Group, Africa Centre for Health and Population 


Studies, and a member of the National Academy of 

Sciences’ Council on Population. 

Angus Deaton is a member of the World Bank’s 

Research Observer Editorial Board and the Chief 

Economist’s Advisory Council. He served as Vice 

President of the American Economic Association, on 

the Advisory Panel on Poverty Work, International 

Monetary Fund, and the World Bank’s Technical 

Advisory Groups for International Price Comparisons. 

Deaton delivered lectures at the AEA meetings in 

Philadelphia, the Academia Lincei in Rome, the India 

Habitat Center in New Delhi, Africa House at NYU in 

New York, the University of Chicago, the University 

College London, and the NBER/India meeting in 

Neemrana, Rajasthan, India. He is a Fellow of the 

Econometric Society, of the British Academy, and of the 

American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 

Michelle DeKlyen continued work on a project 

designed to analyze and disseminate Newark data from 

the Fragile Families Study, in order to inform policy and 

support service initiatives. A co-authored chapter 

evaluating an Early Head Start intervention was 

published, and a second paper on attachment disorder 

is in press in the Cambridge Handbook of Effective 

Treatments in Psychiatry. As a visiting faculty member, 

she also advised senior theses in the Princeton psychology 

department. Her collaboration with the Institute for 

Training in Infant and Preschool Mental Health established 

a data base for research and evaluation of the Institute’s 

clinical and training activities, and she presented several 

lectures in the Institute’s training program for predoctoral 

and postdoctoral professionals. She also continued 

consulting with a University of Colorado project assessing 

infant and mother attachment and wellbeing in a 

Native American community. The New Jersey chapter 

of the World Association for Infant Mental Health 

named Dr. DeKlyen to its board, and she also served on 

the Editorial Board of the Journal of Abnormal Child 

Psychology, frequently reviewing articles for that and 

other journals. 

Thurston Domina joined the Office of Population 

Research after earning his Ph.D. in Sociology from the 

City University of New York’s Graduate School and 

University Center. With funding from the National 

Science Foundation, the Horowitz Foundation for 

Social Policy, and CUNY, he documented rising


educational segregation in the United States in his 

dissertation, which he completed in 2005. During the 

course of the year, he presented research at the annual 

meetings of the Eastern Sociology Society and the 

Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management 

and published research in the Sociology of Education. 

In addition, he had papers accepted for publication in 

City & Community and Rural Sociology. Thurston also 

collaborated with Paul Attewell, David Lavin, and Tania 

Levey on a project studying the long-term implications 

of open admissions at CUNY. This project produced a 

manuscript entitled Passing the Torch: Does Higher 

Education for the Disadvantaged Pay Off Across the 

Generations that is currently under review and a paper 

that is forthcoming in the Journal of Higher Education. 

In addition, Thurston served as a student editor for the 

American Sociological Association’s Contexts magazine. 

Thomas Espenshade was a member of the Advisory 

Board for the Pew Hispanic Center in Washington, 

D.C., of the Social Science Research Council’s Working 

Group on Education and Migration, of the Global 

Aging Initiative Immigration Task Force at the Center 

for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, 

D.C., and of the Board of Trustees at Wells College. 

Patricia Fernández-Kelly serves as the organizer for 

the Colloquium Series, Center for Migration and 

Development, as well as editor of the Center’s official 

research briefs, Points of Migration and Points of 

Development. She is also the organizer of the Scholars 

in Residence Program for the New Jersey State Prison 

where she teaches courses in sociology and facilitates the 

collaboration between inmates and Princeton University 

students in the production of InsideOut, an educational 

magazine. Fernández-Kelly serves on the advisory boards 

and committees of the People of America Foundation 

and the Latin America Legal Defense and Education 

fund. She has been a member of editorial boards for 

the American Sociological Review, Signs: A Journal of 

Women in Culture and Society, Diaspora: A Journal 

of Transnational Studies, and Urban Anthropology. She 

delivered numerous papers and addresses on the themes 

of gender and development, transnationalism, migration 

and urbanization, ethnicity, and inequality at such 

institutions as Johns Hopkins, University of Tennessee, 

University of Pennsylvania, William Paterson University, 

Brown University, Drew University, and University of 

California at Irvine. 

Noreen Goldman spent the past academic year as a 

Visiting Scholar at the California Center for Population 

Research at UCLA. She recently completed her term on 

the Population Research Subcommittee of NICHD and 

continues to serve on the advisory group for the Los 

Angeles Study of Families and Children. During the 

past year, she presented seminars at UCLA, USC, the 

University of Washington, and UC Berkeley on linkages 

among biomarkers, stress, and health in Taiwan, and on 

social gradients in health among Hispanics in the 

United States. She also presented her research at a 

biodemography workshop at the Andrus Gerontology 

Center at USC, at a Stanford-sponsored biodemography 

workshop in Napa, California, and at the PAA meeting 

in Los Angeles. She collaborated with colleagues in the 

U.S. and Taiwan to finalize the design of the survey 

instruments for the second wave of SEBAS and carried 

out the pilot test during the fall in southern Taiwan. 

Josh Goldstein presented a paper titled “Time Trends 

in the Accident Hump: A Biological Clock for Men” at 

the 2005 PAA meetings. He also served as a discussant 

for the session on “The Impact of Population Aging 

on Social Security.” He presented research on “The 

Demography of the Sandwich Generation” at the 

Vienna Institute for Demography of the Austrian 

Academy of Sciences, and he presented a paper on 

“How Late Can First Births Be Postponed” at a 

conference on Postponement of Childbearing in 

Europe, also held in Vienna. Goldstein was a faculty 

lecturer at Stanford’s Summer Workshop in Demography. 

Barbara Heyns, a visiting scholar, is Professor of 

Sociology at New York University. She has an M.A. and 

a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, and has also 

taught at Harvard University and at the University 

of California at Berkeley. She has held visiting 

appointments at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, 

Bremen University in Germany, the University of 

Warsaw in Poland, and at the European University 

Institute in Florence. The bulk of her research focuses 

on education and social policy. At present, she is 

completing a long-term project on the organization 

and delivery of professional services for children. 

Jean Grossman was on the Board of the journal, 

Future of Children, and was President of the Board of 

Trustees of Princeton Youth Achievers, a communitybased 

after-school enrichment program in Princeton. 

She was on the research advisory group for the 

Thomas J. 

Espenshade 

Patricia 

Fernández-Kelly 

Noreen Goldman 

Joshua R. 

Goldstein 

Barbara Heyns 

Jean Grossman 


53

OPR Professional Activities 

John Hobcraft 

Kathleen 

Kiernan 

Jeffrey Kling 

Clemens 

Kroneberg 

Alan Krueger 

Mary Clare 

Lennon 

54 

evaluation of Experience Corps. She gave presentations 

at the Center for Summer Learning’s conference, 

Enhancing Learning in All Settings; and at Big Brothers 

Big Sisters National 2006 Conference. She also participated 

in the 2006 meeting of the Evaluation Round Table, 

an association of Evaluator Directors of foundations 

nation-wide, about the difficulties of conducting 

community-based evaluations. 

John Hobcraft, a visiting scholar, is Professor of Social 

Policy and Demography and Co-Director of the Centre 

for Research on Child Development and Well-Being 

at the University of York in the United Kingdom. 

Hobcraft’s research interests include intergenerational 

and lifecourse pathways to adult social exclusion, 

understanding human reproductive and partnership 

behavior, the role of generations in human behavior, 

population policies (especially sexual and reproductive 

health and rights), and understanding genetic, evolutionary, 

mind, brain, and endocrinological pathways and their 

interplays with behavior. He has worked in policy 

formulation processes at the highest international level in 

the United Nations, which resulted in an active 

participation with advocacy and assessment of policies 

on reproductive health and empowerment for women. 

Kathleen Kiernan, a visiting scholar, is Professor of 

Social Policy and Demography at the University of 

York. She began work on a study of the health and 

wellbeing of children born in different partnership 

settings. This study used data from the UK Millennium 

Cohort Study, a British birth cohort established in 

2001, to examine whether the closeness of the tie 

between parents, as assessed by their partnership status 

at birth was related to smoking during pregnancy, 

breastfeeding, and maternal depression. Four sets of 

parents were distinguished, representing a hierarchy of 

bonding, or connectedness: married and cohabiting 

parents, and two groups of solo mother – those closely 

involved with the father at the time of the birth and 

those not in a relationship. This paper is now published 

in Social Science and Medicine. 

Jeffrey Kling’s research on incarceration length, 

employment, and earnings was completed and accepted 

for publication in the American Economic Review. A set 

of invited lectures on this research were given at Yale 

University. Kling joined the Brookings Institution in 

September 2005. 


Clemens Kroneberg received his diploma in Social 

Sciences from the University of Mannheim, Germany, 

in 2004 where he is an assistant lecturer at the Chair for 

Sociology and Methodology of Science. Starting in 

October 2005, Kroneberg undertook a one-year 

research stay at OPR with financial support of the 

German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). His 

research interests include the adaptation of immigrants, 

theory of action, and social science methodology. He 

recently completed a theoretical paper that introduces a 

new model of action and is currently under review. He 

is also working on a co-authored paper that tests this 

model in three different domains – the rescue of Jews in 

WWII, voter participation, and educational decisions. 

At OPR, Kroneberg worked under the supervision 

of Douglas Massey on ethnic inequalities in school 

performance in the United States. Finally, he is 

collaborating with Andreas Wimmer, UCLA, on a 

game-theoretic model of social boundary-making. 

Alan Krueger continued as Director of Princeton’s 

Survey Research Center as well as the Industrial 

Relations Section. He served as the Chief Economist of 

the National Council on Economic Education and as a 

member of the Executive Committee of the American 

Economic Association, and he served on the Boards of 

Directors of the Russell Sage Foundation and the 

American Institutes for Research. He writes a monthly 

column on economics for the New York Times called 

The Economic Scene. Krueger was also a Research 

Fellow, IZA, in Bonn, Germany. Krueger is the editor 

of the Journal of Economic Perspectives and a co-editor of 

the Journal of the European Economic Association; he is 

also on the Board of Reviewing Editors of Science. 

Krueger’s primary research and teaching interests are in 

the general areas of labor economics, education, industrial 

relations, economics of terrorism, and social insurance. 

Mary Clare Lennon, a visiting scholar, is Associate 

Professor of Clinical Sociomedical Sciences in Columbia 

University’s Mailman School of Public Health. She 

earned her Ph.D. in sociology and a postdoctoral M.S. 

degree in biostatistics from Columbia University. Most 

of her research examines the relation of gender to physical 

and mental health problems and their treatment, with 

a focus on the roles of family and the workplace. In 

recent years, her research interests have focused on the 

wellbeing of low-income women and children. Her 

current project investigates dynamics of family economic 

disadvantage and their consequences for child wellbeing 

and transitions to adulthood.


Gretchen Livingston has continued her research looking 

at economic adaptation among Mexican immigrants in 

the United States. She presented her work examining 

the causal relationship between networks and migrant 

men’s wages at the Population Association of America, 

and her work regarding the wage premium to marriage 

among Mexican men at the meetings of the American 

Sociological Association. Her research regarding gender 

differences in job searching among Mexican immigrants 

is forthcoming in Population Research and Policy Review. 

Livingston, along with Sara Curran and Filiz Garip, also 

submitted a proposal to examine the effects of migration 

on Thai sending communities to the National Science 

Foundation. In addition, Livingston reviewed articles 

for the American Sociological Review, Social Science 

Quarterly, Journal of Marriage and the Family, and the 

Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 

Adriana Lleras-Muney participated in several 

conferences during 2005, including the conference on 

“Urban Dynamics in New York City” at the Federal 

Reserve Bureau in NYC, and the American Economic 

Association meetings in Philadephia, and the NBER 

Summer Institute conference held in July. She gave 

seminars at Boston University, Vanderbilt University, 

Cornell, University of Texas Houston, University of 

Texas A&M, Rutgers University, Pompeu Fabra 

(Barcelona) and Tillburg Insitute (Amsterdam). 

Lleras-Muney was the 2005 recipient of the Ralph O. 

Glendinning University Preceptorship of Economics 

and Public Affairs, awarded by Princeton University. 

Shelly Lundberg, visiting scholar, is Castor Professor 

of Economics and Director of the Center for Research 

on Families at the University of Washington. She 

received her Ph.D. in Economics from Northwestern 

University in 1981 and her B.A. from the University of 

British Columbia in 1975. She is currently an associate 

editor of Labour Economics: An International Journal, 

and a member of the editorial board of Review of 

Economics of the Household, and was formerly a co-editor 

of the Journal of Human Resources. She was a founding 

member of the MacArthur Foundation’s Research 

Network on the Family, a multidisciplinary group of 

family researchers, and also the MacArthur Foundation’s 

Inequality Modeling Group. Her research is focused in 

labor economics and the economics of the family. Her 

current research includes projects on racial segregation 

and inequality, the relationship between family roles 

and labor market outcomes for American men and 

women, and the retirement and savings decisions of 

married couples. 

Scott Lynch was an editorial board member for the 

Journals of Gerontology and Demographic Research and a 

reviewer for Demography, Journal of Health and Social 

Behavior, American Journal of Sociology, American 

Sociological Review, and Social Forces, among others. He 

gave a week-long invited lecture/seminar on structural 

equation modeling at Duke University, and he presented 

papers and/or organized and chaired sessions at the 

annual meetings of the Population Association of America, 

the Gerontological Society of America, and REVES: 

The International Network on Health Expectancy. 

Sara McLanahan is Director of the Center for 

Research on Child Wellbeing and Editor-in-Chief of 

the Future of Children, a journal dedicated to providing 

research and analysis to promote effective policies and 

programs for children. In 2005, McLanahan was 

appointed the James S. Coleman Fellow by the American 

Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS). She 

was also appointed to the National Advisory Committee 

for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and 

Society Scholars. McLanahan is a member of the 

MacArthur Network on the Family and the Economy, 

serves on the advisory board of the National Poverty 

Center, the Board of Trustees for the William T. Grant 

Foundation and on the selection committee of the W.T. 

Grant Young Scholars Award. Her work has recently 

been published in edited volumes and in refereed journals 

such as Journal of Marriage and Family, American 

Sociological Review, Population Research and Policy 

Review, and others. 

Margarita Mooney completed several articles based 

on her dissertation research on Haitian immigrants. 

These articles are now forthcoming in American 

Behavioral Scientist and an edited volume on religion 

and immigration. She also earned a book contract with 

the University of California Press for her manuscript 

entitled “’Beyond the Mountain’: Haitian Religion in 

Miami, Montreal and Paris”. She presented work based 

on her book manuscript at the meetings of the Eastern 

Sociological Society, the American Sociological 

Association, a colloquium at the University of Southern 

California, and an international colloquium at the 

Sorbonne in Paris, France. As part of her work with 

Doug Massey on the National Longitudinal Survey of 

Freshmen (NLSF), she authored several articles (either 

individually or jointly) that are currently under review. 

Using NLSF data, she has begun to examine the 

achievement of Latino students in the top tier of 

Gretchen 

Livingston 

Adriana 

Lleras-Muney 

Shelly Lundberg 

Scott Lynch 

Sara McLanahan 

Margarita 

Mooney 


55


Doug Massey 

Sarah Meadows 

Katherine 

Newman 

Sunny 

Xinchun Niu 

Devah Pager 

Christina Paxson 

Alejandro Portes 

56 

American colleges and universities. She continues to 

serve on the executive committee of the Center for 

Migration and Development (CMD), and she organizes 

the CMD’s Working Group Series. In the fall of 2005, 

the Department of Sociology invited Dr. Mooney to 

teach an undergraduate course on the sociology of 

immigration. 

Doug Massey is a member of the National Academy 

of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and 

Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He is 

the current president of the American Academy of 

Political and Social Science. He is a member of the 

Committee on National Statistics of the National 

Research Council and the Immigration Advisory Board 

of the Russell Sage Foundation and is co-editor of the 

Annual Review of Sociology. He currently serves as 

Director of Graduate Studies in the Woodrow Wilson 

School. Massey’s research focuses on international 

migration, race and housing, discrimination, education, 

urban poverty, stratification, and Latin America, 

especially Mexico. He is the author, most recently, of 

Strangers in a Strange Land: Humans in an Urbanizing 

World (W.W. Norton 2005) and editor of New Faces in 

New Places: The Changing Geography of American 

Immigration (Russell Sage, forthcoming). 

Sarah Meadows received her Ph.D. in Sociology from 

Duke University in 2005. Her dissertation was titled, 

“Parallel Mechanisms: Gender Similarities in Adolescent 

Mental Health and Delinquency.” She served as a 

research assistant on the Index of Child Well-Being 

Project at Duke University. Her research interests 

include stress and coping, mental health, adolescent 

health and wellbeing, criminology, juvenile delinquency, 

life course, and marriage and health. 

Katherine Newman was awarded the 2005 Robert B. 

Textor and Family Prize for Excellence in Anticipatory 

Anthropology by the American Anthropological 

Association (AAA). Established in 1998, the award 

encourages and recognizes excellence in the use of 

anthropological perspectives, theories, models and 

methods in anticipation that such contributions will 

allow citizens, leaders and governments to make 

informed policy choices, thereby improving their 

society’s or community’s future. 

Sunny Xinchun Niu works closely with Marta Tienda 

on the “Texas Higher Education Opportunity Project.” 


During 2005, Niu primarily used a longitudinal survey 

of Texas high school seniors of 2002 to evaluate the 

how changes in college admission criteria influence 

student college-going decision making, focusing on 

differences by race/ethnicity and high school strata. 

Devah Pager was the recipient of the NSF CAREER 

Award and was also named a WT Grant Scholar (2006- 

2010). This year, she gave several invited papers, including 

talks at Stanford Law School, MIT Sloan School of 

Management, and at the UCLA Population Center. She 

also presented papers at the NAACP Civil Rights 

Conference and at the EEOC Regional Meeting. Pager 

serves on the advisory board of the Prisoner Reentry 

Institute and National H.I.R.E. Network. Pager’s 

research and teaching focus on institutions affecting 

racial stratification, including education, labor markets, 

and the criminal justice system. Her current research 

involves a series of field experiments studying 

discrimination against minorities and ex-offenders in 

the low-wage labor market. A recent publication is 

“Walking the Talk: What Employers Say Versus What 

They Do,” published in the American Sociological 

Review. Her book on discrimination against minorities 

and ex-offenders will be published next year by the 

University of Chicago Press. 

Christina Paxson continues as Director of the Center 

for Health and Wellbeing at Princeton University, as 

well as serving as Associate Chair of the Department of 

Economics. She is a Senior Fellow of the Bureau for 

Research and Economic Analysis of Development 

(BREAD), a Member of the Board of Directors, 

Center for Health Care Strategies, a Senior Editor for 

The Future of Children, on the Investigator Awards 

National Advisory Committee, Robert Wood Johnson 

Foundation, a member of the Economics Review Panel, 

National Science Foundation, and a Research Associate 

of the National Bureau of Economic Research. 

Alejandro Portes continues as Director of the Center 

for Migration and Development. In 2005, he also 

served as Chair of the Sociology Department. He was 

appointed to the Editorial Board of the Proceedings of 

the National Academy of Sciences, of which he is a 

member. He delivered keynote addresses at the 

Symposium on Cuba, University of Wisconsin- 

Madison; the Hispanic Summit of the Plains, University 

of Nebraska-Lincoln; Summer Institute on International 

Migration, University of California, Irvine; and the


International Conference on State-Diaspora Relations, 

sponsored by the Mexican government, Mexico City. 

He also delivered a cycle of lectures on international 

migration at the Institute de Sciences Politiques 

(Sciences Po) in Paris. 

Germán Rodríguez completed eight years of service 

in the NIH Social Science and Population Studies 

(SSPS) study section, which is where most populationrelated 

applications are reviewed, and which underwent 

several name changes during his tenure. He continues 

to serve as Director of OPR’s Statistics and Computing 

Core. He has done further work on PAMPA, the software 

he wrote for managing the scientific program of 

the Population Association of America (PAA) meeting 

on the web, developing a multilingual English-French- 

Spanish version that was successfully used by the 

International Union for the Scientific Study of 

Population (IUSSP) for its 2005 International 

Population Conference. 

Magaly Sanchez-R. is a Professor of Urban Sociology 

at the Instituto de Urbanismo at the Universidad 

Central de Venezuela and continues as a senior 

researcher in the Office of Population Research at 

Princeton University. She is co-investigator in a research 

that focuses on transnational identity among the first 

and second generation of Latino youth migrants 

to the Unites States. She also continues to work in 

research related with problems on urban violence and 

repercussions on Latin American society stability. She 

recently organized and coordinated an International 

Seminar on Venezuela Today, with an academic panel of 

experts on socio-economic aspects, as well as on the 

authoritarian style that characterized the socio-political 

situation. She also has been active participant in a variety 

of Congresses at the national and international level. 

Lee Silver served on the Scientific Advisory Board of 

the Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, and on the 

Board of Scientific and Policy Advisors, American 

Council on Science and Health. He gave invited 

presentations at the Institute of International Studies at 

the University of California, Berkeley, the Global 

Forum on Civilization and Peace (in recognition of the 

60th Anniversary of Korean Liberation), in Seoul, Korea, 

Wesleyan University, University of Massachusetts, 

Western Regional Bioethics Conference at Arizona State 

University, the Gender and Genomics Symposium at 

UCLA Center for Society and Genetics, and the 

DeLange Conference on Frontiers in Medicine at Rice 

University. Silver also participated in one-on-one public 

debates on the issues of “intelligent design,” and 

embryo stem cell research, and provided expert testimony 

for a Planned Parenthood challenge to an anti-abortion law 

enacted by the legislature of the State of South Dakota. 

Burt Singer continues as a member of the Scientific 

Advisory Board of the Santa Fe Institute, the Advisory 

Board for the Fogarty International Center, NIH, and 

chairs the Data Monitoring Board of the National Long 

Term Care Survey under the auspices of NIA. He also 

continues to serve as coordinator of the Malaria Task 

Force, UN Millennium Project for the United Nations. 

Singer was named a member of the Institute of 

Medicine of the National Academies. 

Mario Small received the Robert E. Park Award for 

Best Book, Community and Urban Sociology Section 

from the American Sociological Association, and the 

C. Wright Mills Award for Best Book, Society for the 

Study of Social Problems. Small gave invited presentations 

at such universities as the University of Wisconsin and 

New York University, and at Boston City Hall. He 

served on the Journal Oversight Committee of the 

Community and Urban Sociology section of the ASA 

and as chair of the section’s Student Paper Award 

committee. Small also served as a reviewer for American 

Journal of Sociology, American Journal of Sociology, Social 

Problems, Social Forces, Social Science Quarterly, and 

Qualitative Sociology. 

Stephanie Smith, a joint postdoctoral fellow with the 

Center for Health and Wellbeing and The Robert 

Wood Johnson Foundation, presented papers at the 

Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine 

(SBM) in San Francisco, California, at the Annual 

Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and 

Tobacco (SRNT) in Orlando, Florida, and at the 

Annual Meeting of the American Public Health 

(APHA) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She holds active 

professional memberships with the SBM, SRNT, and 

APHA. She is also a journal reviewer for Cancer Causes 

and Control and Tobacco Control. Smith was interviewed 

by the local New Jersey Star-Ledger about her research on 

waterpipe use among college students. She is a Steering 

Committee Member of the Roundtable to Build 

Consumer Demand for Tobacco Cessation Products 

and Services, a joint initiative by the Robert Wood 

Johnson Foundation/American Cancer Society/Centers 

Germán 

Rodríguez 

Magaly 

Sanchez- 

Rodriguez 

Lee M. Silver 

Burt Singer 

Mario Small 

Stephanie 

Smith 


57


Marta Tienda 

James Trussell 

Bruce Western 

Charles F. 

Westoff 

Lisa L. Wynn 

58 

for Disease Control and Prevention/American Legacy 

Foundation/ National Cancer Institute/National 

Institute on Drug Abuse. Smith was inducted into the 

Delta Omega National Public Health Honor Society. 

Marta Tienda served as a Board Member of the Jacobs 

Foundation, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 

Brown University, the Sloan Foundation, TIAA and 

Princeton HealthCare System. She also chaired the 

Panel on Hispanics in the US for the National Academy 

of Sciences. Tienda participated in numerous national 

and international conferences and gave presentations at 

various universities and institutes including the Walter 

Ames Distinguished Lecture at the University of 

Washington, Seattle, Lehmann New York, Columbia, 

Princeton, the University of Texas at Austin, and the 

Ford Foundation. 

James Trussell continues as Director of the Office of 

Population Research. He is currently serving on the 

National Medical Committee of Planned Parenthood 

Federation of America. He also serves on the board of 

directors of the NARAL ProChoice America Foundation 

and the Guttmacher Institute. Trussell received the 

2005 Carl S. Shultz Award at the annual meeting of the 

American Public Health Association. This award honors 

an outstanding professional in population and reproductive 

health. It is named for Dr. Carl S. Shultz, a pediatrician 

and public servant who was instrumental in the creation 

and implementation of the federal family planning 

program, commonly known as Title X. Awardees 

comprise an honor roll of the field of reproductive 

health in the U.S. and around the world. Trussell 

continues work in several research areas: contraceptive 

failure, the cost-effectiveness of contraception, and 

emergency contraception. 

Bruce Western was invited to present his comments at 

an author-meets-critics session at the annual meetings 

of the American Sociological Association in Philadelphia. 

He serves on the Council of the American Sociological 

Association, sits on the Executive Council of the Society 

for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, the Board of 

Overseers of the General Social Survey, and the Technical 

Review Committee of the National Longitudinal 

Surveys. Western also serves on the editorial boards of 

Political Analysis and Sociological Methodology, is an 

associate editor of World Politics, and corresponding 

editor for Theory and Society. He gave invited talks at 

Stanford, UC Berkeley, UC Davis, and Cornell. He also 


teaches a periodic seminar at New Jersey State Prison 

with Patricia Fernández-Kelly on the Sociology of 

Crime and Punishment. Western received a Guggenheim 

fellowship award for his project entitled, The Growth 

and Consequences of American Inequality. 

Charles Westoff presented two papers at the annual 

Meeting of the Population Association of America 

and another paper at the meeting in France of the 

International Union for the Scientific Study of 

Population. He served as a referee for the electronic 

journal Demographic Research for the Max Planck 

Institute. He continued to serve as Senior Demographic 

Advisor to the Demographic and Health Surveys and 

on the boards of the Population Resource Center and 

the Guttmacher Institute. 

Lisa Wynn was a discussant at a thematic roundtable 

conversation on emergency contraception in the Arab 

world at the 2005 meetings of the Middle East Studies 

Association. Wynn was awarded IUSSP’s Junior 

Demographer Grant to attend the annual meetings of 

the International Union for the Scientific Study of 

Population (IUSSP) in the Netherlands in September 

2006, where she will present a paper exploring ethical 

issues emerging in national debates over emergency 

contraception access in Canada and the United States. 

She co-organized an invited panel on the international 

politicization and cultural construction of emergency 

contraception for the 2006 meetings of the Society for 

Medical Anthropology in Vancouver, BC, bringing 

together a panel of presenters from the U.S., South 

Africa, and France. She presented a paper on Egyptian 

nationalism and archaeological narratives of the Giza 

pyramids at the 2005 meeting of the American 

Anthropology Association, and she also contributed 

six entries to the Encyclopedia of Women in Islamic 

Cultures on the topics of the body; domestic and 

female space; ablution, purification, fasting and ritual; 

courtship; and religious commemorations in the 

Arabian peninsula. Wynn continues to present and 

publish on her research on transnationalism in Egypt. 

She contributed one invited entry on gender and 

tourism in Egypt to the Encyclopedia of Women in 

Islamic Cultures, and she has also completed a book, 

Pyramids and Nightclubs: An Ethnography of 

Transnational Imaginations, which will be published 

by University of Texas Press in 2007.

2005 PUBLICATIONS 

Working Papers 

The Office of Population Research Working Papers Series 

dates back to 1991. The Center for Research on Child 

Wellbeing Working Paper Series began in 1997 and 

the Center for Migration and Development began its 

series in 1998. OPR Working Papers are available at 

http://opr.princeton.edu/papers; Working Papers of the 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing are available at 

http://crcw.princeton.edu/papers.html; and the Center 

for Migration and Development’s Working Papers are 

available at http://cmd.princeton.edu/papers.shtml 

The Center for Health and Wellbeing Working 

Paper Series began in 1999 and is available at 

http://www.wws.princeton.edu/~chw/research/papers.php 

Office of Population Research Working Papers 

OPR 05-02 

OPR 05-01 

Noreen Goldman, Jennifer C. Cornman, 

Ming-Cheng Chang 

Measuring Subjective Social Status: A Case 

Study of Older Taiwanese 

Dana A. Glei, Maxine Weinstein, Noreen 

Goldman, Ming-Cheng Chang,Yi-Li 

Chuang, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Harvey S. Lin 

Results from the Social Environment and 

Biomarkers of Aging Study (SEBAS) 2000 

Center for Migration and Development 


CMD 05-08 Alejandro Portes 

Institutions and Development: A 

Conceptual Re-Analysis 

CMD 05-07 Alejandro Portes, Cristina Escobar, 

Alexandria Walton Radford 

Immigrant Transnational Organizations 

and Development: A Comparative Study 

CMD 05-06 Bryan R. Roberts, Alejandro Portes 

Coping with the Free Market City: 

Collective Action in Six Latin American 

Cities at the End of the Twentieth Century 

CMD 05-05 Margarita Mooney 

Deye mon, gen mon’: Religious Mediation 

in the Assimilation of Haitian Immigrants 

in Miami, Montreal, and Paris 

CMD 05-04 Sara Curran, Filiz Garip, Chang Chung 

Advancing Theory and Evidence about 

Migration and Cumulative Causation: 

Destination and Gender in Thailand 

CMD 05-03 Filiz Garip 

Community Migration History and 

Patterns of Change in Migrant 

Characteristics: Evidence from Nang 

Rong, Thailand 

CMD 05-02 Papers presented at the Conference on 

Mexican and U.S. Perspectives in the Study of 

International Migration, January 2005, 

Taxco, Mexico 

Mexican and U.S. Perspectives Papers 

CMD 05-01 Alejandro Portes, Bryan R. Roberts 

La Ciudad Bajo el Libre Mercado: 

La Urbanizacion en America Latina durante 

los Anos del Experimento Neoliberal 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing 


CRCW 05-28 Robert Whitaker, Sean Orzol 

Preschooler Obesity and Socioeconomic 

Status in U.S. Cities 

CRCW 05-27 Rachel Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara 

McLanahan 

Children’s Overweight and Obesity at Age 

Three: Explaining the Racial and Ethnic 

Differentials 

CRCW 05-26 Marcy Carlson, Sara McLanahan 

Strengthening Unmarried Families: Could 

Enhancing Couple Relationships Also 

Improve Parenting 

CRCW 05-25 Hillary Burdette, Robert Whitaker 

A National Study of Neighborhood Safety, 

Outdoor Play, Television Viewing, and 

Obesity in Preschool Children 

Pediatrics 2005;116;657-662 DOI: 

10.1542/peds.2004-2443 

CRCW 05-24 Julien Teitler, Nancy Reichman, Lenna 

Nepomnyaschy, Irwin Garfinkel 

Welfare Participation and Marriage 

CRCW 05-23 Ronald Mincy, Lenna Nepomnyaschy 

Child Support and Minority Fathers in 

Fragile Families 

CRCW 05-21 Leonard Lopoo 

A Profile of the Men Who Father Children 

with Unwed, Teenage Women 


2005 Publications 

CRCW 05-20 

CRCW 05-19 

Shelly Lundberg, Sara McLanahan, 

Elaina Rose 

Child Gender and Father Involvement in 

Fragile Families 

Lawrence Berger, Marla McDaniel, 


Assessing Parenting Behaviors across 

Racial Groups: Implications for the Child 

Welfare System 

CRCW 05-07 

CRCW 05-06 

Marcy Carlson, Sara McLanahan, 

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn 

Unmarried but Not Absent: Fathers’ 

Involvement with Children after a 

Nonmarital Birth 

Nick Wolfinger, Brad Wilcox 

Happily Ever After Religion, Marital 

Status, Gender, and Relationship Quality 

in Urban Families 

60 

CRCW 05-18 

CRCW 05-17 

CRCW 05-16 

CRCW 05-15 

CRCW 05-14 

CRCW 05-13 

CRCW 05-11 

CRCW 05-10 

CRCW 05-09 

Margaret Usdansky, Douglas Wolf 

A Routine Juggling Act: Managing Child 

Care and Employment 

Kelly Noonan, Nancy Reichman, 

Hope Corman, Dhaval Dave 

Prenatal Drug Use and the Production of 

Infant Health 

Lawrence Berger, Christina Paxson, 

Jane Waldfogel 

Income and Child Development 

Catherine Kenny 

The Power of the Purse: Allocative Systems 

and Inequality in U.S. Couple Households 

Robert Hummer, Erin Hamilton, 

Xiuhong You, Yolanda Padilla 

Health Status and Health Care among 

Mexican American Children Born to 

Unmarried Women 

Yolanda Padilla, Melissa Dalton Radey, 

Robert Hummer, Eunjeong Kim 

The Living Conditions of U.S.-Born 

Children of Mexican Immigrants in 

Unmarried Families 

Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, 

Nancy Reichman, Dhaval Dave 

Demand for Illicit Drugs among 

Pregnant Women 

Marcy Carlson 

Family Structure, Father Involvement and 

Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes 

Bruce Western 

Incarceration, Marriage, and Family Life 

CRCW 05-08 Angela Fertig, Sara McLanahan, 

Irwin Garfinkel 

The Effect of Child Support Enforcement 

on Bargaining Power among Married and 

Cohabiting Couples 


CRCW 05-05 

CRCW 05-04 

CRCW 05-03 

CRCW 05-02 

CRCW 05-01 

Lenna Nepomnyaschy 

Child Support and Father-Child Contact: 

Leveraging Panel Data to Establish a 

Causal Path 

Rachel Kimbro 

On-the-Job Moms: Work and 

Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration 

for a Sample of Low-Income Women 

Maureen Waller, Elizabeth Peters 

The Risk of Divorce as a Barrier to 

Marriage 

Michelle DeKlyen, Sara McLanahan, 

Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Jean Knab 

The Mental Health of Parents with 

Infants: Do Marriage, Cohabitation and 

Romantic Status Matter 

Kristen Harknett 

Are Children with Married Parents 

Healthier The Case of Pediatric Asthma 

Center for Health and Wellbeing Working Papers 

CHW Apr. 05 

CHW Apr. 05 

CHW Apr. 05 

A. Case, A. Deaton 

Health and Wealth among the Poor: India 

and South Africa Compared 

A. Case, A. Menendez, C. Ardington 

Health Seeking Behavior in Northern 

KwaZulu-Natal 

A. Deaton 

The Great Escape: A Review Essay on 

Fogel’s The Escape from Hunger and 

Premature Death, 1700-2100 

CHW Mar. 05 C. Paxson, N. Schady 

Cognitive Development among Young 

Children in Ecuador: The Roles of 

Wealth, Health and Parenting 

CHW Feb. 05 

A. Case, C. Ardington 

The Impact of Parental Death on School 

Enrollment and Achievement: 

Longitudinal Evidence from South Africa


Publications and Papers 

Agarwala, R., and Lynch, S.M. “Refining the Measurement of 

Women’s Autonomy: An International Application of a Multidimensional 

Construct.” Social Forces, 84(4):2077-2099. 2006. 

Agarwala, R. “Using the Populist Leader: The State and the 

Worker in India.” In Recovering Class: Reflections from the 

Subcontinent, edited by R. Herring, and R. Agarwala. 

London, England: Rutledge. Forthcoming. 

Agarwala, R. “Women Workers and Globalization: The Case 

of India.” New Labor Forum. Forthcoming. 

Agarwala, R., and Herring, R. “Introduction: Bringing Class 

Back into South Asia.” In Recovering Class: Reflections from 

the Subcontinent, edited by R. Herring, and R. Agarwala. 

Forthcoming. 

Aizer, A., and McLanahan, S.S. “The Impact of Child 

Support on Fertility, Parental Investments and Child 

Health and Well-being.” Journal of Human Resources, 

41(1):28-45. 2006. 

Aizer, A. “Home Alone: Maternal Employment, Child Care 

and Adolescent Behavior.” Journal of Public Economics. 

Forthcoming. 

Alon, S. “Model Mis-Specification in Assessing the Impact of 

Financial Aid on Academic Outcomes.” Research in Higher 

Education, 46(1):109-125. 2005. 

Alon, S. “Affirmative Action in a Shifting Meritocracy: Test 

Scores, Class Rank and Race in College Enrollment.” 

Presented at the Race and Ethnicity Seminar. University 

of Wisconsin-Madison. November, 2005. 

Alon, S. “College Access and the Shifting Meritocracy: Test 

Scores, Class Rank and Race-Sensitive Admission Criteria.” 

Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association 

of America. Philadelphia, PA. March 31-April 2, 2005. 

Alon, S. “Early Career Wage Growth of White and Black 

Women.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of the 

Population Association of America. Philadelphia, PA. 

March 31-April 2, 2005. 

Alon, S., and Tienda, M. “Job Mobility and Early Career 

Wage Growth of Black, White, and Hispanic Women.” 

Social Science Quarterly, 86:1196-1217. 2005. 

Alon, S., and Tienda, M. “Assessing the ‘Mismatch’ Hypothesis: 

Differentials in College Graduation Rates by Institutional 

Selectivity.” Sociology of Education, 78(4):294-315. 2005. 

Alon, S., and Tienda, M. “College Access and the Shifting 

Meritocracy: Test Scores, Class Rank and Race-Sensitive 

Admission Criteria.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of 

the Population Association of America. Philadelphia, PA. 


Alon, S. “Intergenerational Transfer of Human Capital: Ethnic 

Differences in College Destinations.” Presented at the 

Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America. 

Los Angeles, CA. March 30-April 1, 2006. 

Alon, S. “Labor Force Attachment and the Evolving Wage Gap 

between White, Black and Hispanic Young Women.” Presented 

at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of 

America. Los Angeles, CA. March 30-April 1, 2006. 

Alon, S., Domina, T., and Tienda, M. “A Temporal 

Investigation of College Attendance and Destination 

of First Generation Students.” Presented at the Annual 

Meetings of the Population Association of America. 


Alon, S. “The Influence of Financial Aid in Leveling Group 

Differences in Graduating from Elite Institutions.” 

Economics of Education Review. Forthcoming. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Drug and Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: 

We Need to Protect, Not Punish, Women.” Women’s Health 

Issues, 15(2):45-47. 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Evidence and Ethics in Obstetrics: The Use 

and Misuse of Risk.” Presented at the American Public 

Health Association Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA. 

December, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Fetal Personhood: The Raw Edge of 

Obstetrical Practice and Ethics.” Presented at the Eastern 

Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Mini-conference on 

Sociology and Bioethics. Washington, DC. March, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Whose Deaths Matter Mortality, 

Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media.” 

Presented at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health 

and Society Scholars, University of Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia, PA. December 1, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “The Work-Family See-Saw: Some Days 

You’re Up, Some Days You’re Down.” Presented at the 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society 

Scholars Annual Meeting. Columbia University, New York, 

NY. October 10, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Imaging Fetuses, Imagining Babies: 

Pictures and Personhood on the ‘Raw Edge’ of Obstetrics.” 

Presented at the Medical Society of New Jersey. 

Lawrenceville, NJ. June 23, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Social, Legal and 

Policy Responses to Drinking During Pregnancy.” 

Presented at the Grand Rounds, Obstetrics and 

Gynecology. University of California, San Francisco, CA. 

May 3, 2005. 


61


62 

Armstrong, E.M. “Imaging Fetuses, Imagining Babies: 

Pictures and Personhood on the ‘Raw Edge’ of Obstetrics.” 

Presented at the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy 

and Aging Research. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 

NJ. April 14, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Social, Legal and 

Policy Responses to Drinking During Pregnancy.” Presented at 

the Grand Rounds, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Duke 

University Medical Center, Durham, NC. March 30, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Drinking Mothers and Sober Wives: 

Alcohol, Female Responsibility, and Familial Harm in 20th 

Century America.” Presented at the Center for the Study of 

Medical Ethics and Humanities. Duke University, Durham, 

NC. March 30, 2005. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.” Presented at the 

Alcohol: Brain, Individual and Society. Duke University, 

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Armstrong, E.M. “Alcohol and Drug Use During Pregnancy: 

How Ought We Respond.” Presented at the Greenwall 

Bioethics Seminar. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 

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Armstrong, E.M. “How Should American Society Cope with 

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PA. May 1, 2006. 

Armstrong, E.M. “Whose Deaths Matter Mortality, 

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Carlson, M., and McLanahan, S.S. “Strengthening Unmarried 

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Michigan State University, Department of Sociology. East 

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University of Washington, Daniel J. Evans School of Public 

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Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Active Life Expectancy by 

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Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Black-White Differences in 

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Lynch, S.M., and Brown, J.S. “Sullivan’s Method with 

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Massey, D.S. “Race, Class, and Markets: Social Policy in the 

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Massey, D.S. Return of the L-Word: A Liberal Vision for the 

New Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. Strangers in a Strange Land: Humans in an 

Urbanizing World. New York, NY: Norton Publishers. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. “Social and Economic Aspects of Immigration.” 

Pp. 206-212, In Understanding and Optimizing Human 

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Massey, D.S. “Anatomy of a Backfire: How U.S. Policies 

Caused the Rapid Growth of Mexicans in the United States 

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Massey, D.S. “Five Myths About Immigration: Common 

Misconceptions Underlying U.S. Border-Enforcement 

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Massey, D.S. “Racial Discrimination in Housing: A Moving 

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Massey, D.S. “Foolish Fences.” Washington Post, Op-Ed. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. “The Consequences of Affirmative Action at 

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70 



Massey, D.S. “From Social Sameness, a Fascination with 

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Massey, D.S. “A ‘Free Market’ Includes Labor.” Los Angeles 

Times, Op-Ed. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. “Beyond the Border Buildup: A New Approach 

to Mexico-U.S. Migration.” In Focus. Washington, DC: 

Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law 

Foundation. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. “Backfire at the Border: Why Enforcement with 

out Legalization Cannot Stop Illegal Immigration.” In Cato 

Institute Trade Policy Analysis, No. 29. Washington, DC: 

Center for Trade Policy Studies, Cato Institute. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Bartley, K. “The Changing Legal Status 

Distribution of Immigrants: A Caution.” International 

Migration Review, 34:469-484. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Constant, A. “Labor Market Segmentation 

and the Earnings of German Guestworkers.” Population 

Research and Policy Review, 24:489-512. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Durand, J. Crossing the Border: Research 

from the Mexican Migration Project. New York, NY: Russell 

Sage Foundation. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., Durand, J., and Capoferro, C. “The New 

Geography of Mexican Immigration.” In New Destinations 

of Mexican Migration in the United States: Community 

Formation, Local Responses and Inter-Group Relations, edited 

by R.H. León, and V. Zúniga. New York, NY: Russell Sage 

Foundation. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Fischer, M.J. “The Long Term 

Consequences of Segregation.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 

29:1-26. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Fischer, M.J. “Stereotype Threat and 

Academic Performance: New Data from the National 

Longitudinal Survey of Freshman.” The DuBois Review: 

Social Science Research on Race, 2:45-68. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., Jasso, G., Rosenzweig, M.R., and Smith, J.P. 

“Immigration Health, and New York City: Early Results 

Based on the U.S. New Immigrant Cohort of 2003.” 

Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 

11(2):127-152. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Lundquist, J.H. “The Contra War and 

Nicaraguan Migration to the United States.” Journal of 

Latin American Studies, 37:29-53. 2005. 

Massey, D.S., and Sana, M. “Household Composition, Family 

Migration, and Community Context. Migrant Remittances in 

Four Countries.” Social Science Quarterly, 86:509-528. 2005. 

Massey, D.S. “Why Housing Segregation Still Matters.” 

Journal of Catholic Social Thought, 3:97-114. 2006. 

Massey, D.S. “The Wall That Keeps Illegal Workers In.” New 

York Times, Op-Ed. 2006. 

Massey, D.S. “Blackballed.” Contexts, 5(1):40-43. 2006. 

Massey, D.S. “Building a Comprehensive Model of 

International Migration.” In Long-Term Immigration 

Projection Methods: Current Practice and How to Improve It, 

edited by N. Howe, and R. Jackson. Boston, MA: Center 

for Retirement Research, Boston College. 2006. 

Massey, D.S. “The Origins of African American Segregation 

in U.S. Urban Areas.” In A History of Housing Discrimination: 

An Examination of Barriers and Efforts to Achieve an Inclusive 

Society, edited by J. Carr, and E. Rosenbaum. Washington, DC: 

Fannie Mae Foundation. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S. The American Stratification System. New York, 

NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S. New Faces in New Places: The Changing 

Geography of American Immigration. New York, NY: Russell 

Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S. “Sàlvese Quien Pueda: Structural Adjustment 

and Emigration from Lima.” In Chronicle of a Myth 

Foretold: The Washington Consensus in Latin America, edited 

by D.S. Massey, M. Sanchez, and J.R. Behrman. Annals of 

the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 

Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S. “Doing Social Science in Anti-Scientific Times.” 

American Sociologist. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S. “The Strength of Weak Politics.” In Public 

Sociology: Michael Burawoy and his Critics, edited by D. 

Clawson, and et al. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago 


Massey, D.S. “Patterns and Processes of International 

Migration in the 21st Century: Lessons for South Africa.” 

In African Migration and Urbanization in Comparative 

Perspective, edited by M. Tienda, S. Findley, S. Tollman, 

and E. Preston-Whyte. Johannesburg: Witts University 


Massey, D.S. “Social Background and Academic Performance 

Differentials: White and Minority Students at Selective 

Colleges.” American Law and Economics Review. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., and Akresh, I.R. “Immigrant Intentions and 

Mobility in a Global Economy: The Attitudes and Behavior 

of Recently Arrived U.S. Immigrants.” Social Science 

Quarterly. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., Behrman, J.R., and Sanchez, M. Chronicle of a 

Myth Foretold: The Washington Consensus in Latin America. 

Philadelphia, PA: American Academy of Political and Social 

Science. Forthcoming. 



72 

Massey, D.S., and Blank, R.M. “Assessing Racial Discrimination: 

Methods and Measures.” In Fairness in Housing Market, 

edited by J. Goering. Lanham, MD: Rowman and 

Littlefield. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., and Fischer, M.J. “The Effects of Affirmative 

Action in Higher Education.” Social Science Research. 

Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., Fischer, M.J., and Capoferro, C. “Gender and 

Migration in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis.” 

International Migration. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., Mooney, M., Charles, C.Z., and Torres, K. 

“Black Immigrants and Black Natives Attending Selective 

Colleges and Universities in the United States.” American 

Journal of Education. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., and Pèrez, S.M. “Immigration and 

Democratization: Crossing the Mexico-U.S. Border.” In 

Democratizations, edited by J.V. Ciprut, and H. Tuney. Albany, 

NY: State University of New York Press. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., Rumbaut, R., and Bean, F.D. “Linguistic Life 

Expectancies: A Life Table Analysis of Immigrant Language 

Retention in Southern California.” Population and 

Development Review. Forthcoming. 

Massey, D.S., and Sanchez, M. “Latino and American 

Identities as Perceived by Immigrants.” Qualitative 

Sociology. Forthcoming. 

Maynard, R., Lauver, S., Ritter, G., and Alberino, C. 

“Extended Learning Opportunities for Philadelphia 

Students: Local Actions, National Implications” Journal of 

City and State Public Affairs. Forthcoming. 

McCormick, M.C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Buka, S.L., and et al. 

“Early Intervention in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: 

Results at 18 Years of Age for the Infant Health and 

Development Program.” Pediatrics, 117(3):771-780. 2006. 

McLanahan, S.S., Donahue, E., and Haskins, R. “Marriage 

and Child Wellbeing.” In Future of Children, edited by S.S. 

McLanahan, E. Donahue, and R. Haskins. Washington, 

DC: Brookings Press. 2005. 

McLanahan, S.S. “Fragile Families and the Marriage Agenda.” 

In Fragile Families and the Marriage Agenda, edited by L. 

Kowaleski-Jones, and N. Wolfinger. New York, NY: Spring 

Science and Business Media, Inc. 2006. 

Meadows, S.O., Land, K.C., and Lamb, V.L. “Assessing 

Gilligan Versus Sommers: Gender-Specific Trends in Child 

and Youth Well-Being in the United States, 1985-2001.” 

Social Indicators Research, 70:1-52. 2005. 


Meadows, S.O., McLanahan, S.S., and Brooks-Gunn, J. 

“Parental Mental Health and Child Development: The 

Effects of Assortative Mating” Presented at the Annual 

Meeting of the Population Association of America. Los 

Angeles, CA. March 31-April 1, 2006. 

Meadows, S.O., Brown, J.S., and Elder, J., Glen H. 

“Depressive Symptoms, Stress, and Support: Gendered 

Trajectories from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.” 

Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Forthcoming. 

Mielcarek DeRose, L., Wright, A.J., and Brooks-Gunn, J. 

“Does Puberty Account for the Gender Differential in 

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Social, Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences, edited by C.L.M. 

Keyes, and S.H. Goodman. New York, NY: Cambridge 

University Press. 2006. 

Moidduddin, E.M. “Aggression in Young Children: A 

Disadvantage for Black Males.” Presented at the Southern 

Demographic Association Annual Meeting. Oxford, MS. 


Mooney, M. “Dèyè Mòn, Gen Mòn’: Religious Mediation in 

the Assimilation of Haitian Immigrants in Miami, 

Montreal and Paris.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of 

the Population Association of America. Philadelphia, PA. 


Mooney, M. “Dèyè Mòn, Gen Mòn’: Religious Mediation in 

the Assimilation of Haitian Immigrants in Miami, 

Montreal and Paris.” Presented at the Migration, Religion 

and Secularism - A Comparative Approach (Europe and 

North America). Sorbonne University and Ecole Normal 

Supérieure (ENS). Paris, France. June, 2005. 

Mooney, M. “Religion at America’s Most Selective Colleges: 

Some Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of 

Freshmen (NLSF).” Presented at the Annual Meetings of 

the Association for the Sociology of Religion (ASR). 

Philadelphia, PA. August, 2005. 

Mooney, M. “Religious Institutions, Immigration and the 

Public Sphere: The Catholic Church and Haitians in 

Miami.” Presented at the Religion and Social Justice for 

Immigrants Conference sponsored by the University of 

Southern California. Los Angeles, CA. February, 2005. 

Mooney, M. “Local-level and Mediating Social Capital in the 

Haitian Community of Miami.” Presented at the Annual 

Meetings of The Eastern Sociological Society. Washington, 

DC. March, 2005. 

Mooney, M. “The Catholic Church’s Institutional Responses 

to Immigration: From Supra-National to Local 

Engagement.” In Religion and Social Justice for Immigrants, 

edited by P. Hondagneu-Sotelo. New Brunswick, NJ: 

Rutgers University Press. Forthcoming.


Mooney, M. “A Comparison of National Catholic Bishops’ 

Conferences Work on Immigration in the United States.” 

American Behavioral Scientist. Forthcoming. 

Moreau, C., Bouyer, J., Goulard, H., and Bajos, N. “The 

Remaining Barriers to the Use of Emergency Contraception: 

Perception of Pregnancy Risk by Women Undergoing 

Induced Abortions.” Contraception, 7(3):202-207. 2005. 

Moreau, C., Kaminski, M., Ancel, P.Y., Bouyer, J., Escande, 

B., Thiriez, G., Boulot, P., Fresson, J., Arnaus, C., Subtil, 

D., Marpeau, L., Rosé, J.C., Maillard, F., Larroque, B., and 

and the Epipage Group. “Previous Induced Abortions and 

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Washington, S.L. “How to Make a Race.” Presented at the 

Conference on Categories. Columbia University. New York, 

NY. October, 2005. 

Washington, S.L. “Theoretical Commensuration.” Presented 



Western, B. Punishment and Inequality in America. New 

York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Forthcoming. 

Western, B., Kleykamp, M., and Rosenfeld, J. “Economic 

Inequality and the Rise in U.S. Imprisonment.” Social 

Forces. Forthcoming. 

Western, B., and Pettit, B. “Black-White Wage Inequality, 

Employment Rates, and Incarceration.” American Journal of 

Sociology. Forthcoming. 

Westoff, C.F. “Recent Trends in Abortion and Contraception 

in 12 Countries.” DHS Analytical Studies No. 8. 

Calverton, MD. 2005. 

Westoff, C.F. “The Stall in the Fertility Transition in Kenya.” 

DHS Analytical Studies No. 9. Calverton, MD. 2005. 

Westoff, C.F., and Olds, S. “Abortion and Contraception in 

Georgia and Kazakhstan.” Open Society Institute in 

Collaboration with the Open Society Georgia Foundation. 


Westoff, C.F. “Recent Trends in Rates of Sexual Activity in 

sub-Saharan Africa.” Presented at the Annual Meetings of 

the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, CA. 


Westoff, C.F., and Frejka, T. “Religion, Religiousness and 

Fertility in the United States and in Europe.” Presented at 

the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of 


Westoff, C.F. “12 Country Study of Abortion and 

Contraception.” The World Bank. Forthcoming. 

Westoff, C.F. “New Estimates of Unmet Need and the 

Demand for Family Planning.” DHS Comparative Reports. 

Calverton, MD. In Press. 

Wong, R., Díaz, J.J., and Espinosa, M. “Health Insurance and 

Health Care Use among Older Mexican Immigrants in the 

U.S.: Comparison with their Origin-Country 

Counterparts.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the 


March 31-April 2, 2005.


Wong, R., and Díaz, J.J., and Higgins, M. “Health Care Use 

among Elderly Mexicans in the U.S. and in Mexico: The 

Role of Health Insurance.” Research on Aging, 28(3):393- 

408. May, 2006. 

Wong, R., and Espinosa, M. “Changes in Time of the 

Patterns of Private Inter-vivos Transfers of Old Age 

Population in Mexico.” Presented at the Second Conference 

on Aging in the Americas (SCAIA): Key Issues in Hispanic 

Health and Health Care Policy Research. University of 

Texas. Austin, TX. September 21-22, 2005. 

Wong, R., and Espinosa, M. “Dynamics of Intergenerational 

Assistance in Middle- and Old-Age in Mexico.” Presented 



Wong, R., and Espinosa, M. “Longitudinal Study of 

Intergenerational Assistance in Middle-and Old-Age in 

Mexico.” Presented at the Latin American Studies 

Association. San Juan, Puerto Rico. March 15-18, 2006. 

Wong, R., Díaz, J.J., and Espinosa, M. “Health Care Use 

Among Elderly Mexicans in the U.S. and in Mexico: The 

Role of Health Insurance.” Research on Aging. Forthcoming. 

Wong, R., Higgins, M., and Palloni, A. “Salud de Adultos 

Mayores en un Contexto Socioeconómico Amplio: el 

Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México 

(Health among the Elderly within an Ample 

Socioeconomic Context: The Mexican Health and Aging 

Study).” Revista de Salud Pública de México. Forthcoming. 

Wong. R. and Higgins, M. “Dynamics of Intergenerational 

Assistance in Middle- and Old Age in Mexico.” The Health 

of Aging Hispanics: The Mexican-origin Population, edited by 

J.L. Angel, and K.E. Whitfield. Spring Publishing 

Company. Forthcoming. 

Wynn, L. “Peasant Labor and State Glory: Egyptian 

Nationalism and Archaeological Narratives of the Giza 

Pyramids.” Presented at the Class, State and Labor. 

American Anthropology Association Meetings. Washington, 

DC. December, 2005. 

Wynn, L. “Sex Orgies, a Marauding Prince, and Other 

Rumors about Gulf Tourism.” Presented at the New York 

University, Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies. 

New York, NY. April 18, 2005. 

Wynn, L. “The Global Gag Rule and Abortion in Egypt.” 

Presented at the Organization of Women Leaders, 

Princeton University. Princeton, NJ. March 23, 2005. 

Wynn, L. “Reproductive Politics in North America and the 

Middle East: Medical Abortion and Emergency 

Contraception.” Presented at the Department of 

Anthropology, University of Calgary. Calgary, Alberta, 

Canada. March 11, 2005. 

Wynn, L., Foster, A.M., Rouhana, A., and Trussell, J. “The 

Politics of Emergency Contraception in the Arab World: 

Reflections on Western Assumptions and the Potential 

Influence of Religious and Social Factors.” Harvard Health 

Policy Review, 6(1):38-47. 2005. 

Wynn, L., and Trussell, J. “The Morning After on the 

Internet: Usage of and Questions to the Emergency 

Contraception Website.” Contraception, 72(1):5-13. 2005. 

Wynn, L. “Courtship in the Arab States.” In Encyclopedia of 

Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol III: Family, Body, Sexuality, 

and Health, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: 

Brill Academic Publishers. 2006. 

Wynn, L. “Consulting the Female Body: Saudi Arabia and 

Gulf States.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic 

Cultures, Vol. III: Family, Body, Sexuality, and Health, edited 

by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic 

Publishers. 2006. 

Wynn, L. “Emergency Contraception: A New Medical 

Technology in the Middle East.” Presented at the 

Reproductive Health in the Middle East and North Africa: 

New Technologies, Emerging Priorities. Middle East Studies 

Association Meetings. Boston, MA. November, 2006. 

Wynn, L. “An Ethics of Accountability in Debates over Access 

to Emergency Contraceptive Pills in the U.S. and Canada.” 

Presented at the International Union for the Scientific 

Study of Population Conference. Leiden, The Netherlands. 

September, 2006. 

Wynn, L. “Emergency Contraception and the FDA: The 

Social Life of a New Medical Technology.” Presented at the 

Emergency Contraception: Politicization and Cultural 

Construction of a Global Reproductive Health Technology. 

Society for Medical Anthropology Meetings. Vancouver, 

B.C., Canada. March/April, 2006. 

Wynn, L. “Women, Gender and Constituting the Female 

Body: Saudi Arabia and Gulf States.” In Encyclopedia of 

Women and Islamic Cultures, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, 

The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. Forthcoming. 

Wynn, L. “Women in Saudi Arabia: Orientalism, 

Occidentalism, and the Political Discourse of Islam and 

Tradition.” In Women’s Movement and Gender Debates in the 

Middle East and North Africa, edited by H. Hoodfar. 

Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, Contemporary 

Issues in the Middle East Series. Forthcoming. 

Wynn, L. “Ablution and Purification, Prayer, Fasting and 

Piety: The Gulf.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic 

Cultures, Vol. V: Practices, Interpretations and Representations, 

edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill 

Academic Publishers. Forthcoming. 


79


Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Religious Commemorations 

in the Gulf and Yemen.” In The Encyclopedia of Women and 

Islamic Cultures, Vol. V: Practices, Interpretations and 

Representations, edited by S. Joseph. Leiden, The 

Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. Forthcoming. 

Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Domestic Space: The Gulf.” 

In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: 

Economics, Education, Mobility, and Space, edited by S. 

Joseph. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic 


Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Female Space: The Gulf.” 

In The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: 




Wynn, L., and Trussell, J. “The Social Life of Emergency 

Contraception in the United States: Disciplining 

Pharmaceutical Use, Disciplining Sexuality, and 

Constructing Zygotic Bodies.” Medical Anthropology 

Quarterly, 20(3). In press. 

Wynn, L., and Trussell, J. “Images of American Sexuality in 

Debates over Nonprescription Access to Emergency 

Contraceptive Pills.” Obstetrics & Gynecology. In Press. 

Yange, X., Leventhal, T., Brooks-Gunn, J., and Earls, F. 

“Neighborhood Residence and Mental Health Problems of 

5-11-Year-Olds.” Archives of General Psychiatry, 62:1-10. 2005. 

Zajacova, A., Lynch, S.M., and Espenshade, T.J. “Self- 

Efficacy, Stress, and Academic Success in College.” Research 

in Higher Education, 46(6):677-706. 2005. 

Wynn, L. “Women, Gender, and Tourism: Egypt.” In The 

Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. IV: 




80 


T RAINING IN D EMOGRAPHY AT P RINCETON 

Degree Programs 

Demography has been a topic for graduate study at 

Princeton since the founding of the Office of 

Population Research in 1936. There is a wide range of 

specializations encompassed by the field, including 

substantive and methodological subjects in the social, 

mathematical, and biological sciences. OPR faculty 

associates’ broad teaching and research interests span the 

fields of population and environment, population and 

development, population policy, poverty and child 

wellbeing, social and economic demography, and 

statistical and mathematical demography. Four levels of 

certification of graduate training in population studies 

are available. First, the Program in Population Studies 

offers a Ph.D. in demography that is intended for 

students who wish to specialize in demography and 

receive additional training in technical and substantive 

areas. Second, the Program in Population Studies offers 

a general examination in demography that is accepted 

by the Departments of Economics, Politics, Sociology, 

and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and 

International Affairs as partial fulfillment of their degree 

requirements. Those students who elect to specialize in 

population write their dissertations on a demographic 

subject. Third, by completing additional requirements 

established by the program, a student may earn a joint 

degree in demography and one of the affiliated 

departments listed above. Fourth, the program offers a 

non-degree Certificate in Demography upon completion 

of three graduate courses and a supervised research 

project. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA students 

from the Woodrow Wilson School. 

Ph.D. in Demography 

A small number of entering graduate students with a 

strong interest in population and a strong quantitative 

background, often in statistics, mathematics, or 

environmental sciences (though not limited to these 

fields), will be accepted into a course of study leading to 

a Ph.D. in Demography. For the Program in Population 

Studies, applicants are required to submit scores from 

the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), and for those 

students whose native language is not English and who 

have not had advanced training at an English-speaking 

institution, the Test of English as a Foreign Language 

(TOEFL) is also required. Application should be made 

to Population Studies (POP). As part of this program of 

graduate training, students are required to demonstrate 

basic competence in mathematics and statistics, as well 

as mastery of demography and a related discipline (e.g., 

sociology, economics, or public affairs). Specific 

requirements include completion of the General 

Examination, a research paper of publishable quality, 

and the Ph.D. dissertation. The General Examination 

consists of three examinations, usually taken over the 

course of two years, in which the student must 

demonstrate proficiency in basic demographic theory 

and methods as well as proficiency in two of the following 

fields of concentration: migration, immigration, and 

urbanization; health and mortality; population and 

development; population and the environment; health 

and population policy; mathematical and statistical 

demography; and poverty and child wellbeing. More 

detailed information on degree requirements may be 

obtained from the Director of Graduate Studies or the 

administrator for the program. 

Departmental Degree with 

Specialization in Population 

The majority of students who study at the OPR are 

doctoral candidates in the Departments of Economics, 

Sociology, and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public 

and International Affairs who choose to specialize in 

population. To do so, they must complete the general 

examination in demography and write a dissertation on 

a demographic subject, supervised by program faculty, 

as part of their departmental requirements. In some 

additional departments, such as History, Politics, or 

Biology, the general examination in demography may 

also be accepted as partial fulfillment of degree 

requirements, and students in these departments may 

also elect to write their doctoral dissertations on a topic 

related to demography. The degree earned would be a 

Ph.D. in the discipline, e.g., Economics, Sociology, or 

Public Affairs. Application should be made to the relevant 

department, indicating Demography as the area of 

interest. 

Joint-Degree Program 

Ph.D. candidates in good standing in the Departments 

of Economics, Sociology, or the Woodrow Wilson 

School of Public and International Affairs may wish to 

do a joint degree. The degree earned would be a Ph.D. 

in Economics and Demography, Sociology and 

Demography, or Public Affairs and Demography. 

Application should be made to the relevant department. 

To qualify for a joint degree, the student must fulfill all 


81

Training in Demography at Princeton 

home departmental requirements, including passing the 

general examination in demography and writing a 

dissertation on a topic related to the study of population. 

In addition, the candidate for the joint degree must pass 

a general examination in one additional specialized field 

of population beyond what is required for the standard 

departmental degree. Permission to do the joint degree 

is obtained from the Director of Graduate Studies for 

the Program in Population Studies. It is not necessary to 

apply for the joint degree as part of the application to 

Princeton. Instead, the decision to apply for the joint 

degree is usually made by students during their second 

or third year of study. 

Certificate in Demography 

The Office of Population Research, in connection with 

the Program in Population Studies, offers a non-degree 

Certificate in Demography to those who successfully 

complete four graduate courses in population studies 

(ECO/SOC 571, ECO/SOC 572, WWS 587, and one 

other approved population-related course). The first two 

are the basic graduate courses in demography: 

ECO/SOC 571 is offered in the fall semester and is a 

prerequisite for ECO/SOC 572, which is offered in the 

spring semester. WWS 587 entails completion of a 

research project, which involves individual research 

under faculty supervision. A decision on the fourth 

course is made together with the Director of Graduate 

Studies. Applicants are usually enrolled MPA students 

from the Woodrow Wilson School. The certificate 

program is intended primarily for training scholars from 

other disciplines and does not lead to an advanced 

degree at Princeton. 

Training Resources 

Training opportunities at the Office of Population 

Research are enhanced by the strength of its resources, 

such as The Ansley J. Coale Population Research 

Collection in the Donald E. Stokes Library, located in 

Wallace Hall, the home of OPR. It is one of the oldest 

demography libraries in the world. Founded over 35 

years ago as OPR’s specialized research library, it is now 

a special library in the Princeton University Library 

system. The Coale Collection is considered to be the 

premier collection of demographic material in the 

country. The highly trained library staff provide superb 

support to students, assisting them to conduct literature 

searches of all pertinent data bases, tracking and obtaining 

pertinent material through inter-library loans, and 

conducting training classes for students who are 

interested in learning the latest technological advances 

in library science to assist them in their research. 

The OPR is also home to the Bendheim-Thoman 

Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (CRCW); 

more information about CRCW can be found on the 

OPR website at http://opr.princeton.edu The OPR is 

also affiliated with the Center for Health and Wellbeing 

(CHW) and the Center for Migration and 

Development (CMD). More information about CHW 

can be found at http://wws.princeton.edu/~chw. For 

more information on CMD, see http://cmd.princeton.edu 

These centers, which are all housed in Wallace Hall and 

fully accessible and utilized by OPR graduate students 

and visiting scholars, provide excellent funding and 

research opportunities, conferences, and seminars. 

There are a number of lecture series organized by OPR 

faculty and students. The Notestein Seminars is a weekly 

formal seminar given both by distinguished outside 

speakers and by staff and students of the office. The 

students also organize their own brown-bag seminar 

series in a less formal setting in which they present 

works in progress or discuss the development of ideas 

for research topics. The CRCW hosts a regular weekly 

working group luncheon, the CMD organizes a 

colloquium series, and the CHW holds regular weekly 

afternoon lectures, as well as co-hosting seminars with 

other centers and programs. Conferences hosted by the 

various centers also provide excellent opportunities for 

trainees to gain familiarity with both the most current 

research and the leading researchers in the field. 

82 



Courses 

POP 500 Mathematical Demography 


Examines some of the ways in which mathematics and 

probability can be used to analyze population processes. Focus 

is on population models that have direct application in 

demography: survival models, stable and non-stable 

populations, population projections and models of marriage 

and birth. Offered in alternate years with POP 501. 

POP 501 Statistical Demography 

Germán Rodríguez 

Statistical methods applied to the analysis of demographic 

data. The focus is on estimating the effects of concomitant 

variables on demographic processes such as nuptiality, fertility, 

or mortality using micro data. Statistical techniques to be 

studied include non-parametric regression, models for survival 

analysis, multiple-spell event history analysis, and models for 

counts of events. Particular attention is given to issues of 

over-dispersion and unobserved heterogeneity. The course is 

offered in alternate years. 

POP 502 Health Care in Developing Countries 

Staff 

This course examines the process of formulating health 

policies in developing countries by looking at both theory and 

practical experience. Topics include: the health sector reform 

process and implementation, the 1994 Cairo International 

Conference on Population and Development plan of action 

and its implementation, and the experience of setting policies 

for specific health issues. Case studies from several developing 

countries highlighting their experience in implementing 

various health policies will be presented. 

POP 503 Evaluation of Demographic Research 


This course is designed for graduate students who have some 

experience in demographic research and demographic methods. 

The objectives are to teach students to critically examine how 

researchers tackle demographic research questions and to 

explore the construction of a dissertation and a publishable 

quality research paper. 

POP 504 Topics in Demography 

Staff 

Examples of current and past topics include: 

Controlling HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis 

Burton Singer 

Workshop focuses on implementing national disease control 

plans within the developing world. The goal is to determine 

what steps are needed to scale up a disease-control program 

(involving the federal government, the local government, 

health care providers, infrastructure, drug resistance, the clash 

between high-tech solutions vs. local ecological tools, and 

sustainability, etc.) in a developing country. 

Data Analysis Workshop 


Covers application of statistical methods in social science 

research. Emphasis is on hands-on data analysis and discussions 

of key techniques. Issues may include: formulation of the 

research problem; choice of appropriate model, data extraction; 

merging/combining datasets; constructing variables/summary 

indicators; strategies for handling missing data; interpreting 

odds ratios, coefficients, relative risks; prediction/simulation as 

tools for interpreting results; understanding interaction terms, 

clustered data, robust estimation of standard errors, presenting 

results; effective use of tables/graphs; selectivity and endogeneity; 

causal inferences. 

Demography & Epidemiology 

Burton Singer 

Focuses on the interrelationships between human population 

growth, migration, ecosystem structure, and disease 

transmission. Particular emphasis given to integrating classical 

demographic and historical materials with molecular genetic 

evidence to refine our understanding of the origin and spread 

of infectious diseases. Gene-environment interactions, with 

particular emphasis on social stratification, and their role in 

chronic disease incidence and mortality also discussed. 

Economics of Health 

Adriana Lleras-Muney 

This course analyzes a wide variety of health care issues from 

an economic perspective. The course starts a review of basic 

economic theory, review of basic empirical strategies in health 

and an overview of the fundamental institutional aspects of 

health care in the US. Some topics covered are: What are the 

determinants of health Do drug addicts behave rationally 

Do health insurance markets work as other markets Should 

the government regulate health care provision and insurance 

markets Why have health care cost risen and is it a problem 

What have been the effects of managed care Are physicians 

paid more than they deserve Depending on student 

preferences, additional topics may include: comparison of 

health care systems across western countries, debate about the 

proposed Clinton health care reform, etc. 

Immigration 


This course examines the determinants and consequences of 

migration and immigration in the United States. Theoretical 

and methodological issues are discussed, and immigration and 

migration are analyzed with reference to national and local 

policy. Specific topics include demographic consequences in 

the short and long run, the impact on regional economies, 

differential effects of legal and illegal immigration, political 

implications, and cultural issues. 



Poverty, Inequality and Health: Global and 

National Perspectives 

Angus Deaton 

This is a course about global and national wellbeing, with a 

particular focus on economic wellbeing, income, and on 

health. It explores what has happened to poverty, inequality, 

and health, both in the US, and internationally. We will 

discuss the conceptual foundations of national and global 

measures of inequality, poverty, and health, the construction 

of the measures, and the extent to which they can be trusted. 

We will also explore the links between health and income, 

why poor people are less healthy and live less long than rich 

people in the US and abroad, between rich and poor 

countries, over history, and as incomes and health have 

improved in parallel. Also examines the idea that income 

inequality is itself a health hazard. 

Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights 

James Trussell 

Examines selected topics in reproductive health, with primary 

emphasis on contemporary domestic issues in the United 

States-such as unintended pregnancy, abortion, adolescent 

pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infection-but within the 

context of the international agenda on reproductive rights 

established in the 1994 Cairo International Conference on 

Population and Development. 

Public Policy and the Demography of U.S. Minority Groups 

Marta Tienda 

Provides an overview of the changing demography of U.S. 

minority groups and critically reviews theoretical perspectives of 

race and ethnic stratification. Attention is paid to immigration 

and its impact on U.S. population composition. Public 

policies that putatively address (or redress) race and ethnic 

inequality, including equal opportunity, anti-discrimination, 

affirmative action, and immigrant and refugee policies 

are evaluated. 

POP 505/WWS 585 Population, Environment and Health 

Burton Singer 

This course focuses on the interrelationships between the 

demographic structure and dynamics of human populations, 

their physical and mental health, and the ecological systems 

with which they interact. Case studies include: agricultural 

colonization of the Amazon basin of Brazil and the process of 

urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; tradeoffs between 

land use and health; migration, its environmental impact, and 

the tension between public health and medicine in promoting 

the health of migrant populations; health consequences of 

corporate globalization; macroeconomics and health; rice 

ecosystems and the tradeoffs between agricultural productivity 

and human health. 

POP 506 Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity 

Elizabeth Armstrong and Harold Shapiro 

Examines the ethical issues arising in the context of scientific 

research. Evaluates the role and responsibilities of professional 

researchers in dealing with plagiarism, fraud, conflict over 

authorial credit, and ownership of data. In addition, it 

undertakes a broader inquiry into conceptions of professional 

integrity, and the responsibilities that scientists have to their 

research subjects, to their students and apprentices, as well as 

to society at large. 

POP 507 Qualitative Research Methods 

Patricia Fernández-Kelly 

Focuses on theoretical and qualitative research techniques. 

Instruction and supervised practice in qualitative methods of 

field research as a basic tool of the social sciences are provided. 

An emphasis is placed on the role of the field researcher as 

participant, observer, and interviewer in various kinds of 

research settings, and on approaches to applications of field 

data to policy analysis. 

POP 508/WWS 598 Epidemiology 


Areas of focus include measurement of health status, illness 

occurrence, mortality and impact of associated risk factors; 

techniques for design, analysis and interpretation of 

epidemiologic research studies; sources of bias and confounding; 

and causal inference. Also includes foundations of modern 

epidemiology, the epidemiologic transition, reemergence of 

infectious disease, social inequalities in health, and ethical 

issues. Examines the bridging of “individual-centered” 

epidemiology and “macro-epidemiology” to recognize social, 

economic and cultural context, assess impacts on populations, 

and provides important inputs for public health and health policy. 

POP 509A Survival Analysis 


This half-course offered in the first half of the spring term 

focuses on the statistical analysis of time-to-event or survival 

data. We introduce the hazard and survival functions; 

censoring mechanisms, parametric and non-parametric 

estimation, and comparison of survival curves. We cover 

continuous and discrete-time regression models with emphasis 

on Cox’s proportional hazards model and partial likelihood 

estimation. We discuss competing risk models, unobserved 

heterogeneity, and multivariate survival models including 

event history analysis. The course emphasizes basic concepts 

and techniques as well as applications in social science 

research using the statistical package Stata. Prerequisite: 

WWS509 or equivalent. 

84 



POP 510A Multilevel Models 


This half-course offered in the second half of the spring term 

provides an introduction to statistical methods for the analysis 

of multilevel data, such as data on children, families, and 

neighborhoods. We review fixed- and random-effects models 

for the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data before 

moving on to multilevel random-intercept and random-slopes 

models. We discuss model fitting and interpretation, including 

centering and estimation of cross-level interactions. We 

cover models for continuous as well as binary and count data, 

reviewing the different approaches to estimation in common 

use, including Bayesian inference. The course emphasizes 

practical applications using the multilevel package MLwiN. 

Prerequisite: WWS509 or equivalent. 

ECO 57l/SOC 57l Survey of Population Problems 

Thomas Espenshade 

First part of basic two-course graduate sequence in demography. 

Survey of past and current trends in the growth of the population 

of the world and of selected regions. Analysis of the components 

of growth and their determinants and of the social and 

economic consequences of population change. 

ECO 572/SOC 572 Research Methods in Demography 

Joshua Goldstein/Germán Rodríguez 

Second part of basic two-course graduate sequence in 

demography. The purpose of the course is to teach students to 

measure demographic rates and to model the consequences of 

these rates on population structure and growth. The course 

introduces the demographic approach to modeling: creating 

age schedules of vital events from both a statistical and 

theoretical basis, modeling temporal change in age schedules, 

and the matrix-based approach to population dynamics. 

ECO 573/WWS 567 Population and Development 


Understanding the determinants and consequences of population 

change in developing countries and applying this understanding 

to evaluate population policy. The course will begin by 

characterizing the empirical relationship between economic 

development and demographic phenomenon: fertility, 

mortality, age structure, migration, education. Next, models of 

economic development will be evaluated in terms of how they 

incorporate demographic phenomenon and their predictions 

for population growth, migration, children’s education, 

mortality. Finally, theory and evidence will be brought together 

to critically evaluate the Programme of Action from the 

United Nations International Conference on Population and 

Development (the Cairo Population Conference). 

SOC 573 Labor Force 

Bruce Western 

Two questions dominate research on the labor force: 1) who 

look for and get jobs; and 2) what sorts of jobs do people get. 

This course examines these questions by seeing how the link 

between demography and labor market outcomes depend on 

the institutional context. We will particularly focus on how 

age, gender and fertility, ethnicity and immigration affect 

labor force participation and earnings under different systems 

of training, social welfare, and labor relations. 

SOC 575 Urbanization and Development 


Examines the origins, types, and characteristics of cities in less 

developed countries and the ways in which patterns of 

urbanization interact with policies to promote economic 

growth and social equity. Readings and class discussions 

address three areas: 1) a history of urbanization in the Third 

World; 2) an analysis of contemporary urban systems, 

demographic patterns, and the social structure of large Third 

World cities; 3) a review of the literature on urban dwellers with 

emphasis on the poor and their political and social outlooks. 

WWS 528 Social Stratification and Inequality 

Marta Tienda 

This course examines wealth, power, and status differentials in 

society. Included are descriptions of current and historic 

distributions, as well as the causes and consequences of such 

differences. Particular emphasis will be upon economic status 

and course material covers recent research by economists and 

sociologists on the role of family background, race, gender, 

cognitive skills, education, age, and work experience. In 

addition to examining these individual and family factors, 

research on the mediating role of the state, either diminishing 

or aggravating differences, is reviewed. 

WWS 528 Fragile Families and Public Policy 


This seminar develops a framework for designing and assessing 

the next generation of Fatherhood Initiatives. Course 

topics include: 1) How are poor, unmarried parents – fragile 

families – seen (and not seen) in popular and political 

discourse and in surveys and census data 2) What are the 

benefits of low-income fathers’ involvement for children, for 

fathers, and for society 3) What evidence do we have that 

fatherhood programs work, and how do current welfare and 

child support reforms affect these programs Students are 

expected to conduct individual research projects on these 

topics, using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of 

Youth and the Fragile Families Study. 



86 

WWS 578/SOC 578 Sociology of Immigration and Ethnicity 


This is a graduate review course that examines the historical 

and contemporary literature on immigration and the relationship 

between these flows and the development of ethnic relations. 

The emphasis is on the United States, although comparative 

material from Canada, Europe, and Latin America is 

discussed. Classical and recent theories of immigrant 

adaptation, language acculturation, ethnic entrepreneurship, 

and ethnic conflict are presented and discussed. The bearing 

of sociological findings on current policy debates about 

immigration control and uses of immigrant labor is highlighted. 

WWS 586 Aging: Biology, Demography, and Social Policy 

Burt Singer 

The age structure of many countries in the world has shifted 

toward much higher proportions of people at older ages. This 

course will treat the biological basis of aging and the 

demographic, economic and social consequences of a large 

elderly population. Implications for health care, insurance, 

and the economic and social structure of diverse societies will 

be discussed. An international comparative approach will be 

used throughout. 

WWS 587 Research Workshop in Population 


Individual research projects involving demographic analysis 

related to issues in population policy, or occasionally, 

participation in the research conducted at the Office of 

Population Research. 

WWS 593 Marriage and Child Wellbeing 

Elisabeth Donahue 

Families vary greatly in structure, which can have a profound 

impact on children’s wellbeing and future prospects. This 

course will investigate trends in family formation and 

marriage in particular, and examine reforms proposed by 

policy makers that would impact marriage. This course is 

being offered in conjunction with The Future of Children 

(FOC) journal. As part of the course, students will actively 

participate in an FOC conference on family formation and 

child wellbeing at the end of the 6-week class. 

WWS 594 Policy Analysis: The Economics of Education 

This course evaluates currently popular education reforms 

from an economic perspective. Topics covered include: policies 

to increase educational attainment; compulsory schooling; 

class-size reduction initiatives; school finance reforms; school 

vouchers; and race-sensitive college admissions policies. 


WWS 594 Caring for an Aging Population: 

Public Policy Issues 

The rapid increase in the number of elderly Americans over 

the next 30 years will put pressure on the service delivery 

system. We review the policy options and questions likely to 

arise as the future of the service system is debated: who should 

pay for long-term care services for the frail; how can service 

systems better manage the medical and long-term care needs 

of the elderly; how can public policy shape the future of 

nursing homes and residential care models such as assisted 

living; how will the demand for services affect the economy 

and the workforce 

WWS 594 Employment, Poverty and Public Policy 

Alan Krueger 

This course will examine several issues concerning employment 

and poverty in the United States. Topics include: 1) the 

measurement and concept of employment; 2) trends in jobs, 

joblessness and inequality; 3) the link between jobs and 

poverty; 4) public policy concerning job creation, job quality 

and poverty. 

WWS 594 Public Health and Public Policy 

Elizabeth Armstrong 

An introduction to the philosophy, practice and politics of 

public health in the U.S. The course considers the principles 

of epidemiology and the social, political and institutional 

forces that shape public health policy, as well as the 

determinants of health, government’s role in minimizing risks 

and maximizing well-being, and the major organizational 

structures responsible for monitoring, protecting and promoting 

the public health. Topics include environmental and 

occupational health; emerging infections; food safety; 

violence; tobacco control; population aging; and public 

health genetics. 

WWS 594 Race, Class, and College Admissions 

Tom Espenshade 

An examination of factors influencing who applies to and the 

probability of being accepted at academically selective colleges 

and universities. Topics include race-conscious versus 

class-based affirmative action, the role of elite universities in 

promoting social mobility, recent U.S. Supreme Court cases, 

and current public policy controversies. 

Pertinent Courses in Allied Departments 

ECO 515 Econometric Modeling 

The construction, estimation and testing of econometric 

models as a process, from theory to model formulation to 

estimation and testing and back again to theory. Bridging the 

gap between theory and applied work. A series of topics in 

macroeconomic time series and microeconomic cross-sectional 

analysis that includes consumption at the household and 

aggregate level, commodity prices, and nonparametric and 

parametric estimation.


ECO 518 Econometric Theory II 

Angus Deaton 

This course begins with extensions of the linear model in 

several directions: 1) predetermined but not exogenous 

regressors; 2) heteroskedasticity and serial correlation; 

3) classical GLS; 4) instrumental variables and generalized 

method of moments estimators. Applications include 

simultaneous equation models, VAR’s and panel data. 

Estimation and inference in nonlinear models are discussed. 

Applications include nonlinear least squares, discrete dependent 

variables (probit, logit, etc.), problems of censoring, truncation 

and sample selection, and models for direction data. 

ECO 531 Economics of Labor 

Alan Krueger 

An examination of the economics of the labor market, 

especially the forces determining the supply of and demand 

for labor, the level of unemployment, labor mobility, the 

structure of relative wages, and the general level of wages. 

ECO 560/WWS 562 Economic Analysis of Labor 


The course gives an introduction to the processes of economic 

growth; an analysis of poverty and inequality; reviews public 

policy in poor countries, particularly pricing policy and costbenefit 

analysis; and provides models of household and 

farm behavior. 

ECO 562 Topics in Development 

Christina Paxson/Anne Case 

An examination of those areas in the economic analysis of 

development where there have been recent analytical or 

empirical advances. Emphasis is given to the formulation of 

theoretical models and econometric analysis and testing. 

Topics covered include models of household/farm behavior, 

savings behavior, equity and efficiency in pricing policy, 

project evaluation, measurement of poverty and inequality, 

and the analysis of commodity prices. 

ECO 563 Topics in Economic Development II 

Angus Deaton 

Selected topics in the economic analysis of development 

beyond those covered in the introductory course. Topics are 

selected from theoretical and empirical models of economic 

growth, trade, and international finance; health and education 

policy; innovation in agriculture in developing countries; 

private and social security systems; and the political economy 

of development. 

SOC 504 Social Statistics 

Scott Lynch/Bruce Western 

The course explores methods for analyzing data arising from 

observational studies such as social surveys. It reviews multiple 

regression and analysis of variance and covariance models for 

quantitative data. It introduces logistic regression and 

log-linear models for qualitative data, including contingency 

tables. The emphasis is on the use of statistical models to 

understand social processes, not the mathematical theory. 

SOC 530 Structural Equation Modeling 

Scott Lynch 

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a general class of 

multivariate modeling techniques that allows the estimation of 

relationships between latent (unobserved) variables free of 

measurement error extant in observed variables. SEM is 

general in the sense that virtually all modeling techniques used 

in sociology today are special cases of the general model. The 

purpose of this course is to provide an introduction to these 

methods. The course is intended to be very applied, with a 

strong emphasis on how to use SEM software to estimate 

models, as well as how to evaluate them, revise them, and 

report the results of them. At the same time, the course will 

provide a rigorous treatment of the theory underlying SEMs, 

including discussions of causality and inference, model 

assumptions and consequences of their violation, and limitations. 

SOC 550 Research Seminar in Empirical Investigation 

Marta Tienda/Bruce Western 

The course involves preparation of research papers based on 

field observation, laboratory experiments, survey procedures, 

and secondary analysis of existing data banks. In addition, 

students learn how to write critical reviews, to provide 

constructive commentary as a discussant, and how to prepare 

papers for journal submission. All students complete at least 

one of their required pre-generals papers in this course. 

WWS 507 Quantitative Analysis 

Alan Krueger 

Study of basic data analysis techniques, stressing application 

to public policy. Includes measurement, descriptive statistics, 

data collection, probability, exploratory data analysis, hypothesis 

testing, simple and multiple regression, correlation, and 

graphical procedures. Some training offered in the use of 

computers. No previous training in statistics is required. 

Assumes a fluency in high school algebra and familiarity with 

basic calculus concepts. 

WWS 509/ECO509 Generalized Linear Statistical Models 


Focuses primarily on the analysis of survey data using 

generalized linear statistical models. The course starts with a 

review of linear models for continuous responses and then 

proceeds to consider logistic regression models for binary data, 

log-linear models for count data-including rates and 

contingency tables, and hazard models for duration data. 

Attention is paid to the logical and mathematical foundations 

of the techniques, but the main emphasis is on the applications, 

including computer usage. Assumes prior exposure to statistics 

at the level 507c or higher and familiarity with matrix algebra 

and calculus. (Prerequisite (507c)) 



WWS 510 Surveys, Polls, and Public Policy 

Ed Freeland 

The aim of the course is to improve students’ abilities to 

understand and critically evaluate public opinion polls and 

surveys, particularly as they are used to influence public 

policy. The course begins with an overview of contrasting 

perspectives on the role of public opinion in politics. From 

here we look at the evolution of public opinion polling in the 

U.S. and other countries. The class will visit a major polling 

operation to get a firsthand look at how they actually work. 

We also examine procedures used for designing representative 

samples and conducting surveys by telephone, mail and the 

Internet. Students will have the option to: 1) write a critical 

evaluation of a survey or set of surveys related to a particular 

issue; or 2) design and pretest a questionnaire on a topic that 

is of interest to them. 

WWS 522 Microeconomic Analysis of Domestic Policy 

Anne Case 

Examines a series of major issues of policy designed to 

illustrate and develop skills in particularly important 

applications of microeconomics. Topics will include education 

and training, the minimum wage, mandated benefits, 

affirmative action, the theory of public goods and externalities, 

and the basic theory of taxation. 

WWS 528 Poverty and Public Policy 


This course examines poverty in the United States in the last 

half of the twentieth century. The topics include: 1) how 

poverty is measured and problems with the official measure; 

2) trends and differentials in poverty; 3) causes and 

consequences of poverty, including sociological, economic, 

and political perspectives, and 4) anti-poverty policies, including 

cross-national differences in welfare states. 

WWS 594 Social Policy in South Africa 

Anne Case 

Examines the economics and political economy of fiscal policy 

decisions made by developing-country governments. It will 

examine in detail the expenditure and taxation policies chosen 

by the new South African government. The case for 

government intervention and the choices governments make 

will be modeled, and the effectiveness of the policies chosen 

will be evaluated using current data from South Africa. 

WWS 594 Children’s Health and the Rise of Obesity 

Elisabeth Donahue 

The prevalence of obese children in America has more than 

doubled in the past 20 years, and approximately 14 percent of 

children are now considered overweight. This course will 

examine the increasing prevalence of obese and overweight 

children, the challenge to the health system, the changing 

nature of childhood and the potential causes for this 

condition, and the legal and policy implications of this trend 

and proposals to reverse it. This course is being offered in 

conjunction with The Future of Children (FOC) journal. As 

part of the course, students will participate in an FOC 

conference at the end of the 6-week class. 

WWS 597 The Political Economy of Health Systems 

Uwe Reinhardt 

This course explores the professed and unspoken goals that 

nations pursue with their health systems and the alternative 

economic and administrative structures different nations use 

to pursue those goals. The emphasis in the course will be on 

the industrialized world, although some time can be allocated 

later in the course to approaches used in the developing 

countries, if students in the course desire it. 

WWS 594 Affirmative Action and Discrimination in Education 

Alan Krueger 

This course explores theoretical models of discrimination, 

empirical evidence on racial differences in earnings and 

educational opportunities, and pros and cons of affirmative 

action. Particular emphasis is paid to evaluating the 

consequences of recent developments in affirmative action in 

higher education. 

88 


R ECENT 

G RADUATES 

Maria Aysa-Lastra, a Ph.D. candidate enrolled at 

the University of Pennsylvania, completed her dissertation 

under the direction of Douglas Massey while in 

residence at OPR. Her dissertation was entitled 

“Selection, Adaptation and Vulnerability of Internal 

Forced Migrants: A Case Study in Bogota, Colombia.” 

The objective of her research was to analyze the survival 

strategies of internal forced migrants in urban areas 

relative to the strategies adopted by voluntary migrants 

and natives. She focused on relative differentials on 

gender, socioeconomic conditions, and occupation 

profiles, developing a research design to collect 

comparable data on households with diverse migration 

experiences. She used data from Colombia, where internal 

displacement is highly prevalent due to the ongoing 

armed conflict. The analysis of gender differentials and 

household composition revealed that forced migrant 

households are more likely to be composed by household 

head and spouse rather than headed by single females, 

as suggested in the literature. Moreover, forced migrant 

females are not more likely to find jobs than males. It is 

clear that the probability of employment in formal 

activities for forced migrants decreases over time 

preventing their ability to get out of poverty. The analysis 

of socioeconomic differentials explored four different 

dimensions: living conditions, consumption of durable 

goods, access to health care, and education and self 

assessment of wellbeing. The results suggest that forced 

migrants had better living conditions in the place of 

longest residence than in Bogotá. In contrast, voluntary 

migrants enjoyed better living conditions in Bogotá 

than in their place of longest residence. Changes in the 

relative socioeconomic conditions of migrant groups are 

interpreted as an indication of negative selection of 

forced migrants into the domestic migration streams. 

Finally, Aysa-Lastra evaluated differentials in occupation 

profiles in the places of origin, the places of transition 

and in the final place of destination for economic, tied, 

and forced migrants. There were no observed differences 

in the likelihood of employment in agriculture between 

forced migrants and economic migrants in the place of 

origin. In Bogotá, forced and economic migrants were 

more likely to be employed in informal and unstable 

activities related to coping strategies rather than 

cumulative strategies. The occupation profiles of forced 

migrants suggest that weak or absence of social networks 

in the areas of reception might help to explain the 

relative ineffective adaptation of forced migrants in the 

urban labor market. Aysa-Lastra holds a position as 

Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and 

Anthropology, Florida International University, 

University Park Campus. She is also currently serving as 

Senior Research Associate at the Colombian Studies 

Institute, and as affiliated faculty at The Department of 

Environmental Studies, the Latin American and 

Caribbean Center, and the Women’s Studies Center at 

Florida International University. 

Gyanendra Badgaiyan, who holds an M.Phil. 

in Economics from Cambridge University and an 

M.P.P. from Woodrow Wilson School, completed his 

requirements for the Ph.D. in Public and International 

Affairs in February 2006. His dissertation, “Revisiting 

the Leslie Matrix,” ties up three interrelated papers on 

the Leslie Matrix (LM). The papers deal with various 

aspects of the approximate LM, which is used for 

population projections. The first provides an insight 

into a widely used first row formula for Leslie Matrix. It 

develops a new derivation that is shown to be better in 

terms of its generality and clarity than the existing 

derivations and investigates the pattern of age-group 

level inaccuracies that underlie the formula’s overall 

accuracy for populations with stationary age distribution 

at the start of the projection period. It is found that for 

human populations, the errors under-estimate the 

contribution of younger mothers and over-estimate that 

of older mothers. The second paper describes a new 

method of deriving intrinsic rate of growth of a stable 

population using LM. The method developed departs 

from the tradition of identifying the roots of Lotka 

equation. It adopts an approach that recovers true r by 

finding the dominant eigen value of the exact Leslie 

Matrix (LM) from that of the usual approximate LM. 

It proves to be more accurate than existing methods in 

almost all of the 896 cases considered in the paper. The 

third paper develops an ‘exact’ LM for a non-stable 

population and assesses the level of inaccuracy implied 

by the use of approximate LM. This is done by deriving 

exact expressions corresponding to the two approximate 

formulae used in the approximate LM. The results of a 

100-year projection for a set of real world population, 

mortality, and fertility schedules obtained using both the 

exact LM and the approximate LM are compared. It is 

found that the difference in total population projected 

Maria Aysa- 

Lastra 

Gyanendra 

Badgaiyan 


Recent Graduates 

Michelle 

Bellessa Frost 

Patrick Gerland 

is around 3 percent, which is more than the 1.8 percent 

amount by which the 2002 UN population projections 

(medium variant) for the year 2050 were revised in 

2004. Badgaiyan has returned to India as a senior civil 

servant in the Government of India, where he is Secretary 

to the Government of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 

Michelle Bellessa Frost, a Ph.D candidate in 

Sociology, successfully defended her dissertation in 

March 2006. In three separate papers, collectively titled 

“Texas High Schools and Precursors to Students’ College 

Attendance,” her dissertation examines the role of school 

characteristics and within-school interactions on 

precursors to college attendance. The main source of 

data for each paper is the Texas Higher Education 

Opportunity Study, an ongoing longitudinal study of 

Texas high school students. The first paper explores the 

association between school racial composition and students’ 

expectations to graduate from a 4-year university. 

She finds that in addition to individual characteristics of 

students, both school socioeconomic level and achievement 

composition are related to expectations. Additionally, 

results suggest the counterintuitive finding that when 

comparing similar schools, students in schools with 

greater concentrations of minority students are more 

likely to expect to attain a 4-year college degree 

compared with students in schools with lower proportions 

of minority students. In the second paper, she examines 

the role of high school guidance counselors on Texas 

high school students’ knowledge of college admissions 

policies and standards. By using refined measures of 

counselor interaction, she finds that exposure to and 

encouragement from high school guidance counselors is 

related to student knowledge of the Texas college 

admissions environment. Furthermore, results suggest 

that school counseling orientation on college 

preparation is also related to student knowledge of 

college admissions policies and standards. In the final 

paper, she considers how much contact students have 

with counselors for assistance with college application 

materials. She focuses on whether counselors act to 

reinforce or replace parental educational attitudes and 

abilities that support their children’s completion of 

college applications. Findings indicate that counselors 

are more likely to provide guidance to students whose 

parents can also assist with applications and who have 

strong pro-educational attitudes, thus playing a 

reinforcing role to the least needy students. 

Additionally, some aspects of school climate are associated 

with counselor application assistance, and more 

academic school settings can decrease disparities in 

counselor access between students with and without 

parental support. 

Patrick Gerland, enrolled in the Program in 

Population Studies, successfully defended his dissertation, 

“Effects of Social Interactions on Individual AIDS- 

Prevention Attitudes and Behaviors in Rural Malawi” in 

October 2005. His dissertation examines how social 

interactions affect AIDS-prevention attitudes and 

behaviors in rural Malawi. Analyses of AIDS conversation 

networks and attendance at local social events aim to 

determine: 1) whether informal conversations about 

HIV/AIDS engender positive attitudes towards condoms 

and marital fidelity (and, if so, which characteristics of 

conversation networks matter most); and 2) whether 

participation in social events plays a significant role 

(and, if so, which types of events are most important). 

The study uses network and social participation data 

from a household survey conducted in 1998 and 2001 

by the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change project. 

Statistical associations are investigated using cross 

sectional analyses and causal relationships are explored 

using individual fixed effects models. The results 

show that AIDS awareness by itself is a necessary but 

insufficient condition for individual change in behaviors 

that put one at risk. Instead, AIDS conversation 

networks and social participation seem to be important 

forces conducive to positive attitudes toward condoms 

and marital fidelity. The importance of the attitudinal 

characteristics of conversation partners in influencing a 

respondent’s attitudes toward protective strategies and 

actual behavior is confirmed for both genders. The 

structural and compositional characteristics of conversation 

networks matter for individual change, but those effects 

are never as great as the direct effects of shared attitudes. 

Gerland found that the principal mechanism through 

which social interactions affect individual attitudes and 

behaviors is social influence. Social influence on both 

sexes works primarily through conversation networks; its 

strongest impact on individual change is reflected in 

attitudes toward protective strategies, worry about 

AIDS, and to a lesser extent condom ever-use. The most 

profound effects of AIDS conversation networks occur 

when a respondent has close, strong ties to his or her 

conversation partners, but there is sufficient diversity in 

90 



overall composition of the network. Social learning, on 

the other hand, results from compositional diversity 

among conversation partners, and attendance at local 

social events. For men, greater attendance at dramatic 

performances or political meetings is associated with 

more favorable attitudes toward condom use outside 

marriage and greater reported ever-use of condoms, but 

at the expense of marital fidelity. Gerland is currently a 

Population Affairs Officer at the United Nations. 

Fernando Riosmena, a visiting demography 

student from the University of Pennsylvania working 

with Doug Massey, finished the final manuscript of his 

dissertation entitled “Within, Between, and Beyond 

Space-Time: Three Essays on Latin America–U.S. 

Migratory Dynamics,” which he defended successfully 

in August, 2005. This work explores three related 

aspects of the international migratory dynamics of 

Mexicans to and from the U.S., namely: 1) changes in 

these dynamics in areas of low and high migration 

prevalence in Mexico through time by way of a 

duration-period model of migration as a sequence of 

parity-specific transitions; 2) an analysis of differences 

in the likelihood of migrating to and from the United 

States across five groups of Latin Americans (Mexicans, 

Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, Nicaraguans, and Costa 

Ricans), specifically looking at the relevance of 

differences in relative national income, family- and 

nation-based migration-specific social networks, and 

family dynamics in the process; and 3) the role of 

socioeconomic conditions in origins in mediating the 

association between marital status and U.S. migration 

by way of multi-level event history analysis. While at 

Princeton, Riosmena also presented part of this work at 

the XXV International Population Conference (Tours, 

France, July 2005) and participated in the 2005-2006 

Policy Fellows Program at the Population Reference 

Bureau. Since September 2005, Riosmena has been the 

Luis Donaldo Colosio Research Fellow at the World 

Population Program, International Institute for Applied 

Systems Analysis (IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria), where he 

is doing research on human capital-population dynamics 

in Mexico and collaborating on a global comparative 

study in the same topic. 

2005 Graduate Students 

Rina Agarwala, enrolled in the Department of 

Sociology), completed her final year at Princeton as a 

Fellow of Woodrow Wilson Scholars. Her dissertation, 

entitled “From Work to Welfare: Informal Workers’ 

Organizations and the State in India,” examines 

democratic participation among poor women workers 

as state welfare rhetoric and policy declines on the one 

hand, and the percentage of insecure and unprotected 

informal labor increases on the other hand. In particular, 

it investigates 1) how the informal nature of employment 

affects workers’ collective action strategies, and 2) what 

role the state plays in affecting informal workers’ ability 

to secure labor benefits. During the year, Agarwala had 

the opportunity to present findings from her 

dissertation at the annual meetings of ASA, ISA, AAS, 

and the Conference on South Asia in Wisconsin. 

Agarwala’s work has been published this year in Social 

Forces (with Scott Lynch) and Critical Asian Studies, and 

is in revision in Theory and Society. She is currently 

working on a co-edited volume with Ron Herring 

entitled, Recovering Class: Reflections from the Sub-Continent, 

which is slated for publication in December 2006. 

Agarwala will be beginning a position as Assistant 

Professor at Johns Hopkins University in August 2006. 

Sofya Aptekar, a second-year Sociology and OPR 

student, has spent the year preparing for qualifying 

exams in culture and migration, taking courses, as well 

as being involved in several research projects. She 

completed a chapter for a Russell Sage volume on the 

economics of the transition to adulthood, co-authored 

with Katherine Newman. For her second-year paper, 

Aptekar examined the effect of parental resources on 

transitions to residential independence in United States. 

She conducted fieldwork on immigrant organizations in 

Edison, New Jersey as a research associate on a 

University of California project on immigrant civic 

participation. Aptekar received a fellowship from the 

Global Network on Inequality and will travel to Ireland 

in the summer of 2006 to study the recent inflows of 

Eastern European migrants to the Dublin area. 

Fernando 

Riosmena 

Rina Agarwala 

Sofya Aptekar 


91

Graduate Students 

Sharon Bzostek 

Rebecca Casciano 

Kelly Cleland 

Nick Ehrmann 

Conrad Hackett 

Meredith 

Kleykamp 

Emily Moiduddin 

92 

Sharon Bzostek is a second-year student in the 

Sociology department; her research interests focus on 

children and families and health inequalities. Bzostek is 

currently working on several papers using the Fragile 

Families dataset and on a project examining racial and 

ethnic differences in the relationship between 

socioeconomic status and health. 

Rebecca Casciano, a third-year Sociology student 

whose interests include urban sociology, family 

demography, and social policy, finished up her precepting 

requirements, serving as a teaching assistant for Paul 

Starr’s “SOC201: American Society and Politics.” In 

addition, she completed a course on the analysis of 

missing data and a year-long methodological sequence 

that focused on ethnographic research and writing. 

Lastly, she completed two papers, the first examining 

how neighborhood economic conditions influence 

mothers’ voting behavior, and the second (with Doug 

Massey) examining the relationship between neighborhood 

economic conditions and the self-sufficiency of new 

mothers. Casciano recently started her dissertation 

research, which uses ethnographic methods to examine 

how a community-based organization in a northeastern 

city is using machine politics to procure resources for 

the provision of social services. 

Kelly Cleland, a first-year student in Population 

Studies, received her B.A. in Italian from Georgetown 

University in 1995. Following three years of teaching 

English in the Czech Republic and Vietnam, she earned 

her M.P.H. and M.P.A. from Columbia University, with 

a focus on population and reproductive health. Cleland 

has pursued her interests in research and reproductive 

health at Planned Parenthood of New York City, the 

University of California San Francisco’s Center for 

Reproductive Health Research and Policy, and as a 

pro-bono evaluation consultant for Exhale (an afterabortion 

talk-line). Her research interests include 

contraceptive use, the impacts of U.S. abortion policies 

on individual behavior and demographic trends, 

decision-making and intentionality around pregnancy. 

Nick Ehrmann is currently working from within 

Sociology, OPR, and the Woodrow Wilson School on 

issues of educational inequality, urban sociology, and 

public policy. His recent research looks at the long-term 

effects of racial segregation on college achievement. A 

separate project uses qualitative methods to explore the 

connection between educational aspirations and college 


enrollment among his former students in Washington, 

District of Columbia. 

Conrad Hackett continued work on his 

dissertation, which is about how religious institutions 

influence fertility and how demography is reshaping 

religious institutions. He collaborated with Becky Yang 

Hsu, Amy Reynolds, and Jim Gibbon on a paper 

assessing the reliability of demographic data in the 

World Christian Encyclopedia. At Princeton Seminary, 

he taught a course on religion and family and served as 

empirical research consultant for the Faithful Practices 

project. He was awarded a Louisville Institute 

Dissertation Fellowship for the upcoming year. 

Meredith Kleykamp is completing her Ph.D. in 

Sociology from Princeton University. Her dissertation, 

“Minority Representation in the Armed Forces in the 

All-Volunteer Era,” is a study of race, class, and military 

service. The project examines: 1) the influence of 

race/ethnicity on military enlistment, net of the 

influence of individual SES, local employment 

conditions, or community military presence; 2) the 

effects of the military drawdown of the 1990’s on 

employment and school enrollment rates; and 

3) whether recent veterans face discrimination or 

preferential treatment in hiring, compared with civilians 

with functionally equivalent work histories using an 

audit design. Kleykamp will join the faculty of the 

University of Kansas in the fall of 2006 as an Assistant 

Professor of Sociology. Kleykamp will be teaching in the 

areas of quantitative methods and demography, and will 

be offering a new sociology course on population 

and society. 

Emily Moiduddin is a third-year student in the 

Woodrow Wilson School. Since completing her general 

exam last spring, she has focused on research. In her 

dissertation, she is exploring whether the pattern of 

inequality that disadvantages black males in late 

adolescence and adulthood exists in early childhood. 

Specifically, do young black boys have more behavior 

problems or perform worse on tests of verbal ability 

than their peers If this pattern exists in early 

childhood, how do family and neighborhood factors 

influence it Moiduddin had the opportunity to 

present some preliminary work from her dissertation at 

the 2005 Southern Demographic Association Annual 

Meeting. With Sara McLanahan, Moiduddin is exploring 

how parents’ impulsivity affects child behavior


problems and whether structural factors influence that 

relationship. With Doug Massey, Moiduddin is working 

on an analysis of neighborhood effects on birth weight. 

Petra Nahmias, a second-year student in Sociology 

and OPR, presented various papers at the Annual 

Meetings of the Southern Demographic Association, 

Eastern Sociological Society and PAA. One of her 

qualifying empirical papers looks at the ethnic effect of 

HIV/AIDS prevalence in Kenya. The other qualifying 

paper is an analysis of fertility, its proximate determinants, 

and ethnicity in West Africa. She is also working on a 

project together with Sara McLanahan and Kathleen 

Kiernan (University of York, U.K.) that compares 

unmarried parents and their children in the United 

States and the United Kingdom. She intends to write 

her dissertation on the sociocultural determinants of 

maternal mortality and morbidity. 

Kevin O’Neil, a first-year student in the Woodrow 

Wilson School, earned his B.A. in Economics at 

Swarthmore College in 2001. Prior to joining OPR, 

he researched U.S. and European immigration policy at 

the Migration Policy Institute in Washington, DC, and 

he conducted an international study of fire departments 

as a fellow of the Thomas J. Watson Foundation. His 

primary research interests are migration, urbanization, 

and development. In addition to his coursework, 

O’Neil contributed a chapter on migration in the 

Americas to an edited volume on the politics of 

migration. His interests are in urbanization, migration 

and development policy, and economic sociology. 

Christine Percheski, a third-year Sociology 

graduate student completed her coursework and general 

examinations in Sociology this year. She presented a 

paper about cohort changes in the labor force 

participation rates of professional women at the 

Southern Demographic Association conference and a 

paper (with Chris Wildeman) on employment patterns 

of unmarried new fathers at the Eastern Sociological 

Society conference. With a grant from the Global 

Network on Inequality, Percheski spent two months at 

the University of Bremen in Germany working on a 

project comparing German and American women’s 

employment patterns and the timing of first births. 

Percheski has recently started her dissertation, which 

examines the links between changes in family structure 

and growing income inequality in the United States 

over the last few decades. 

David Potere, a first-year student in the Program 

in Population Studies, received his M.A. in Geography 

and Environment from Boston University and his B.A. 

in American History from Harvard University. He is 

supported as a Department of Energy Computational 

Science Graduate Fellow. Prior to joining OPR, he 

served as a U.S. naval officer in Bahrain and Hawaii. 

His recent study of urban encroachment along the 

Appalachian Trail was accepted for publication in the 

journal Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote 

Sensing. This past March, at the annual Association of 

American Geographers meeting in Chicago, he 

presented early results from a comparison study of six 

competing maps of the world’s cities. His main interests 

are satellite imagery and population mapping, 

urbanization, and disease ecology. 

Jake Rosenfeld, a fifth-year student in the Office 

of Population Research and the Department of Sociology, 

is finishing a dissertation that analyzes various political 

and distributional effects of labor union decline since 

the Reagan administration. He recently completed a 

paper on labor union decline and mid-level managerial 

pay that has been accepted at Research in Social 

Stratification and Mobility. Another paper from his 

dissertation – this one on the effect of strike activity on 

wages in the 1980s and 1990s – is forthcoming in 

Social Forces. His main interests include work and occupations, 

political sociology, criminology, and 

stratification. Rosenfeld is finishing up an investigation 

of strike predictors since the breakup of the labor 

capital accord. He will present a version of this piece in 

August at the American Sociological Association’s 

annual meeting. Rosenfeld also works with Bruce 

Western on issues of incarceration and inequality. 

Together with Meredith Kleykamp, Rosenfeld and 

Western published “Crime, Punishment, and American 

Inequality” in Social Inequality, a volume edited by 

Kathryn Neckerman, and “Did Falling Wages and 

Employment Increase U.S. Imprisonment” recently 

published in Social Forces. 

Rania Salem, a first-year Sociology and OPR 

student, holds an M.Sc. in Sociology from the 

University of Oxford, and received her B.A. in Political 

Sciences from the American University in Cairo. Before 

coming to Princeton, she worked at the Cairo office of 

the Population Council, where she carried out an 

evaluation of an intervention for disadvantaged 

Petra Nahmias 

Kevin O’Neil 

Christine 

Percheski 

David Potere 

Jake Rosenfeld 

Rania Salem 


93

Graduate Students 

Elisha Smith 

Kimberly Smith 

Samir Soneji 

Scott Leon 

Washington 

Christopher 

Wildeman 

adolescents and researched youth transitions from 

school to work. This year, in addition to her coursework, 

she presented a poster at the annual meeting of the PAA 

on measurement bias in survey estimates of women’s 

work based on a methodological experiment conducted 

in Egypt. Salem’s interests include sociology of marriage 

and the family, gender, development, and migration. 

Elisha Smith is a first-year student in Urban and 

Regional Policy in the Woodrow Wilson School. She 

graduated from Smith College in 2001 with a B.A. in 

Mathematics. Prior to coming to Princeton, she worked 

at Mathematica Policy Research in Washington, DC. 

Her research interests focus on inequality, the working 

poor, and children and families. 

Kimberly Smith, a second-year Woodrow Wilson 

student, holds a B.A. in Economics from Hobart and 

William Smith Colleges and an M.P.A. from the 

Woodrow Wilson School. For her second-year paper, 

Smith explored the relationship between socioeconomic 

status, health, and mortality among older adults in 

Mexico. She presented her findings at the 2006 annual 

meeting of the Population Association of America in 

Los Angeles. During her second year, Smith also 

completed her coursework and general exam requirements 

and served as a teaching assistant for a graduatelevel 

class on policy and program evaluation for the fall 

and spring semesters. Her research interests include the 

socioeconomic determinants of health and the impact of 

social and economic policies on health and health 

inequalities in both developed and developing countries. 

Samir Soneji is a second-year student in the 

Program in Population Studies. He recently completed 

a methodological paper with Kosuke Imai (Department 

of Politics) on disability-free life expectancy that he 

presented at the 2005 annual meetings of PAA, ASA, 

and Réseau Espérance de Vie en Santé. The piece is 

currently under review at Journal of the American 

Statistical Association. His main interests include 

disability and aging, fertility and reproductive health, 

and Bayesian statistics. 

Scott Leon Washington, a doctoral candidate in 

Sociology, was recently named a Graduate Fellow of the 

American Academy of Political and Social Science. He 

is continuing work on his dissertation, “Hypodescent: A 

History of the Crystallization of the One-Drop Rule in 

the United States, 1890-1935.” 

Christopher Wildeman completed his general 

examinations in demography, family demography, 

sociology of crime and punishment, and sociology of 

religion in the spring of 2006. He is broadly interested 

in the relationship between religion and family change 

in the United States – especially how religious change 

influences changes in both the structure and function of 

American families. His dissertation examines the impact 

of incarceration on the concentration of disadvantage in 

childhood for American children. He received the 

Marvin Bressler Award for excellence in Graduate 

Student Teaching in 2006. 

Anna Zajacova has continued to work on her 

dissertation, examining selected pathways from 

socio-demographic factors to health. One of her papers, 

coauthored with Thomas Espenshade and Scott Lynch, 

was published at the Research in Higher Education, and 

another paper, on gender differences in the effect of 

education on mortality, was accepted for publication at 

Social Science and Medicine. She also presented her 

research on the relationship between body weight and 

health at the OPR seminar series. Since September 

2004, she has worked in Austin, TX, where she is a 

visiting researcher at the University of Texas Population 

Research Center. 

Anna Zajacova 

94 


A LUMNI 

D IRECTORY 

Solimon Abdel-Aty 

Cairo Demographic Center 

78 4th Street - Hadaba-Elolya 

Mokattam 11571 Cairo, Egypt 

Dolores Acevedo-Garcia 

Harvard School of Public Health 

Department of Health and Social 

Behavior 

677 Huntington Avenue 

Boston, MA 02115 

Olukunle Adegbola 

University of Lagos 

Department of Geography 

Yaba Lagos, Nigeria 

Fakhrudden Ahmed 

Bangladesh Bank 

Head Office, Motijheel C/A 

Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh 

Pauline Airey 

48 Hampstead Road 

Surrey RH4 3AE England 

Anna Aizer 

9 Jenckes Street, Apt. #5 

Providence, RI 02906 

Antonio Aja Diaz 

University of Havana 

Center for Studies of International 

Migration 

Havana, Cuba 

Sigal Alon 

Tel-Aviv University 

Department of Sociology and 

Anthropology 

Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel 

Sajeda Amin 

The Population Council 

One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza 

New York, NY 10017 

Richard Ampadu 

STEPRI, CSIR 

PO Box LG 728 

Legon, Accra, Ghana 

Barbara Anderson 


Population Studies Center 

311 Maynard Street 

Ann Arbor, MI 48104 

James Annable 

First National Bank of Chicago 

One First National Plaza 

Chicago, IL 60603 

Mohammed Anous 

4 Ahmed Hishmat 

#22 Zamalek, Cairo EGYPT 

W. Brian Arthur 

1399 Hyde Park Road 

Santa Fe, NM 87501 

Andrews Aryee 

University of Ghana 

Regional Institute for 

Population Studies 

P.O. Box 96 Legon 

Accra, Ghana 

Fran Simmons Atchison 

266 Hamilton Avenue 

Trenton, NJ 08609 

Maria Aysa-Lastra 

Florida International University 


Anthropology 

University Park Campus, DM 340B 

Miami, FL 33199 

Ozer Babakol 

26 Bridgewater Drive 

Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 

Gyanendra Badgaiyan 

35, Delhi Government Officers’ Flats 

Greater Kailash Part I 

New Delhi, 10048 India 

C. Stephen Baldwin 

110 Riverside Drive, Apt. 12-F 


Akinrinola Bankole 

The Alan Guttmacher Institute 

120 Wall Street, 21st Floor 

New York, NY 10005-3904 

Jessica Baraka 

Apartment #8 

8050 Niwot Road 

Niwot, CO 80503-8690 

George Barclay 

338 Richardville Road 

Carmel, NY 10512 

William Barron 

5170 Britten Lane 

Ellicott City, MD 21043 

Otilia Barros 

Centro de Estudios Demograficos 

(CEDEM) 

Ave. 41 #2003 e/ 20 y 22 

Playa, La Habana Cuba 

Alaka Basu 

Cornell University 

Department of Sociology 

352 Uris Hall 

Ithaca, NY 14853 

Nazli Baydar 

University of Washington 

Dept. of Family and Child Nursing 

Seattle, WA 98195-7262 

Chris Beaucheman 

INED 

133 Boulevard Davout 

75980 Paris 

Cedex 20 France 

Bernard Beck 


Northwestern University 

Evanston, IL 60208 

James Bedell 

4612 Masefield Place 

Sarasota, FL 34241-6141 

Maryann Belanger 

20 Roycebrook Road 

Hillsborough, NJ 08844 

Neil Bennett 

City University of New York- 

Baruch College 

School of Public Affairs 

Building 137 E 22, Room 410 


Ionica Berevoescu 

30 Waterside Plaza, Apt. 30A 


Lawrence Berger 

University of Wisconsin-Madison 

School of Social Work 

1350 University Avenue 

Madison, WI 53706 

Digambar Bhouraskar 

140 East 83rd Street, Apt. #4E 


Richard Bilsborrow 

University of North Carolina 

Carolina Population Center 

123 West Franklin Street 

Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 

Leila Bisharat 

UNICEF/Egypt 

8, Adnan Omar Sidky Street 

Dokki, Cairo Egypt 

Ann Klimas Blanc 

260 West Broadway, Apt. 6D 

New York, NY 10013-2261 

David Bloom 

Harvard University 

Institute for International 

Development 

One Eliot Street 

Cambridge, MA 02138 

Dalia Borge Marin 

Urbanizacion Real Santa Maria 

Casa #484 

Barreal Heredia Costa Rica 

Eduard Bos 

The World Bank 

1818 H Street NW 

Washington, DC 20433 

Bryan Boulier 

George Washington University 

Department of Economics 

2201 G Street NW 

Washington, DC 20052 

Joseph Boute 

Centre Catholique Universitaire 

B.P. 2931Banqui 

Central African Republic, Africa 

Henry Braun 

ETS 

Rosedale Road, Mail Stop 10R 

Princeton, NJ 08541 

Mary Breckenridge 

1382 Newton Langehorne Road 

#M208 

Newtown, PA 18940 

Ellen Brennan-Galvin 

Yale University 

Yale School of Forestry & 

Environmental Studies 

205 Prospect Street 

New Haven, CT 06511 

Christina Brinkley-Carter 

195 Binney Street, Apt. #4310 


Adam Broner 

9393 Midnight Pass Road 

Sarasota, FL 34242 

Eleanor Brown 

Pomona College 


425 North College Avenue 

Claremont, CA 91711 

Birgitta Bucht 

2 Tudor City Place, Apt. 8C-North 


Monica Budowski 

Rue Jehanne de Hochberg 26 

Neuchatel, 2000 

Switzerland 

Larry Bumpass 



1180 Observatory Drive 


Thomas Burch 

1320 Monterey Avenue 

Victoria, British Columbia 

V8S 4V8 Canada 

S. Peter Burley 

113 Arthur Street 

Eltham 3095, VIC 

Victoria, Australia 

Glen Cain 


University of Wisconsin 



Alumni Directory 

96 

Marcy Carlson 



McVickar Hall 714 

622 West 113th Street 


Marion Carter 

Centers for Disease Control 

Division of Reproductive Health 

4770 Buford Highway, 

NE MSJ-K-22 

Atlanta, GA 30341 

Ana Casis 

Apratado 4658 

Panama 5, Panama 

Lynne Casper 

National Inst. of Child Health and 

Human Devel. 

Demographic and Behavioral 

Sciences Branch 

6100 Executive Blvd., Rm. 8B07 

MSC 7510 

Bethesda, MD 20892-7510 

Susan Cassels 

5128 Keystone Pl. N. 

Seattle, WA 98103 

William Cassels 

PO Box 2983 

Montgomery Village, MD 20886- 

2983 

Mariella Ceva 

Los Platanos 649 

Jauregui, C/P 6706 

Buenos Aires Argentina 

Juan Chackiel 

CELADE 

Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, 

Casilla 91 

Santiago Chile 

Yunshik Chang 

University of British Columbia 

Department of Anthropology 

and Sociology 

Vancouver, British Colombia 

V6T 1W5 Canada 

Liu Changhong 

State Statistical Bureau 

Department of Population 

Statistics 

38 Yuetan Nanjie, Sanlike 

Beijing China 

David Chaplin 

1490 Leon Road 

Walled Lake, MI 48390-3647 

Lindsay Chase-Lansdale 

1416 Asbury Avenue 



Fang Chen 

1550 Edgemont Road 

Victoria V8N 4P9 

British Colmbia, Canada 

Enock Ching’anda 

129 Wake Robin Drive 

Kitchener, Ontario 

N2E 3L6 Canada 

Alan Chipasula 

All Saints Church 

P.O. Nkhota Kota 

Malawi Africa 

Helena Choi 

2800 Plaa Del Amo #216 

Torrance, CA 90503 

Helena Chojnacka 

1268 Skycrest Drive, Apt. #6 

Walnut Creek, CA 94595 

Michael Chokr 

1597 York Avenue #6 


A.K.M. Alauddin Chowdhury 

ICDDR,B 

G.P.O. Box 128 

Dhaka 2 Bangladesh 

Jeanette Chung 

UCLA Departmnet of Medicine, 

GIM 

Ctr for Comm. Partnerships 

in Health Promotion 

1100 Glendon Avenue, Suite 2010 

Los Angeles, CA 90024-3524 

Rebecca Clark 

6100 Executive Blvd. 

Room 81307, MSC 7510 


Shelley Clark 

University of Chicago 

Harris Graduate School of 

Public Policy 

1155 East 60th Street 


Yinon Cohen 

Tel Aviv University 

Department of Labor Studies 

Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel 

Mark Collinson 

University of the Witwatersrand 

Private Bag 3 

Witwatersrand, 2050 South Africa 

Bernardo Colombo 

Universita delgi Studi di Padova 

Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche 

Via Battisti 241 

Padova, 35121 Italy 

Abigail Cooke 


Institute for International & 

Regional Studies 

Aaron Burr Hall, Room 33 


Lisa Corey 

117 Burlington Street 

Lexington, MA 02173 

Jennifer Cornman 

Madlyn and Leonard Abramson 

Ctr. For Jewish Life 

Polisher Research Institute 

1425 Horsham Road 

North Wales, PA 19454 

Jane Crecco 

Family Continuity Program 

11 Potter Avenue 

Hyannis, MA 02601 

Maria Criado 

C/Santa Fe, 5, 2nd Izqda 

Madrid, 28008 Spain 

Roberto Cuca 




Sara Curran 


Henry M. Jackson School of 

International Affairs 

400 Thomson Hall 


Jacqueline Darroch 

2212 Queen Anne Ave. N#133 


Kailash C. Das 

Ministry of Health & 

Family Welfare 

Int. Inst. for Population Sciences 

Govandi Station Road, Deonar 

Mumbai 400 088, INDIA 

Monica Das Gupta 


Development Economics 

Research Group 


Room MC3-579 


Bashir Datoo 

Univesity of Dar es Salaam 


P.O. Box 35049 

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA 

Marcia Caldas de Castro 

125 Pleasant Street 

Apt. 409 

Brookline, MA 02446 

Paolo De Sandre 

Universita degli Studi di Padova 

Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche 

Via San Francesco 33 

Padova, 35142 Italy 

Paul Demeny 




Judith Diers 

Population Council 



Wendy Dobson 

Victoria University 

University of Toronto 

73 Queen’s Park Cresent 

Toronto, M5S 1K7 Canada 

Debra Donahoe,PHD 

488 Madison Avenue 


Jennifer Dowd 

140 North Union Street 

Alexandria, VA 22314 

Jacqueline Druery 

Queen’s University 

Stauffer Library 

Kinston, Ontario K7L 3N6 

Canada 

Stanislaus D’Souza 

UNDP-Zaire 

Palais des Nations 

Geneva 10 

CH-1211 Switzerland 

Carol Dyer 

9567 San Vittore St. 

Lake Worth, FL 33467 

Mark Eitelberg 

Naval Portgraduate School 

Graduate School of Bus. and 

Public Policy 

Monterey, CA 93943-5000 

Ita Ekanem 

United Nations FCA 

P.O. Box 3005 

Addis Ababa 

Ethiopia 

Shafiq A. M. El Atoum 

University of Jordan 

Faculty of Economics 

Amman, Jordan 

Mohamed El-Badry 

40 Myrtle Avenue 

Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 

Irma Elo 



3718 Locust Walk 

Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298


Sahar El-Sheneity 

Department of Statistics 

Faculty of Economics and 

Political Science 

Cairo University 

Giza, EGYPT 

Sahar El-Tawila 

4 El-Negma Street 

Heliopolis, Cairo Egypt 

Charles Enoch 

Bank of England 

Treadneedle Street 

London EC2 United Kingdom 

Douglas Ewbank 




Philadelphia, PA 19104-6298 

David Featherman 


Institute for Social Research 

426 Thompson Street 

Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248 

David Fein 

4408 Puller Drive 

Kensington, MD 20895-4050 

Robert Feldman 

Morgan Stanley and Company 

1585 Broadway, 2nd Floor 


Angela Fertig 

Indiana University 


Wylie Hall Rm 105, 100 S. 

Woodlawn 

Bloomington, IN 47405 

Rachel A. Thurson Findley 

2831 Garber Street, Apt. #6 

Berkeley, CA 94705-1314 

William Fischel 

Dartmouth College 


6106 Rockefeller, Room 324 

Hanover, NH 03755 

Mary Fischer 

University of Connecticut 


344 Mansfield Road, Unit 2068 

Stoors, CT 06269-2068 

Margaret Flemming 

48 Mill Lane 

Canterbury, Kent 

CT2 8NE, England 

Nadia Flores 


Texas A&M University 

College Station, TX 77843-4351 

Carmen Elisa Florez 

University Los Andes 

CEDE-Faculty of Economics 

AA4976, Bogota, Colombia 

Andrew Foster 

Brown University 


Box B 


Patricia Freedman 

15817 Anamosa Drive 

Rockville, MD 20855 

Ronald Freedman 


PSC, Institute for Social Research 

426 Thompson Street, P.O.B 1248 


Tomas Frejka 

3997 Coquina Drive 

Sanibel, FL 33957 

Izaslaw Frenkel 

U.L. Beldan 5 M93 

Warsaw 

440084 Poland 

Scott Fritzen 

9347 Ridge Road 

Goodrich, MI 48438 

Michelle Bellessa Frost 

11870 Runnel Circle 

Eden Prairie, MN 55347 

Haishan Fu 

HDRO/UNDP 


FF-1276 


Connie Gager 

Arizona State University 

Department of Family & 

Human Development 

131 Cowden Hall 

Tempe, AZ 85287 

Michelle Garretson 

PO Box 103 

West Sand Lake 


Lea Kiel Garson 

207 North Bowman Avenue 

Merion, PA 19066 

Deborah Garvey 

Santa Clara University 


500 El Camino Real 

Kenna Hall 

Santa Clara, CA 95053 

Patrick Gerland 

30 Waterside Plaza – Apt. 30A 


Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar 

1206 Parker Place 

Brentwood, TN 37027 

Dana Glei 

1512 Pembleton Place 

Santa Rosa, CA 95403 

Howard Goldberg 


and Prevention 

Division of Reproductive Health 

4770 Buford Highway NE 

Atlanta, GA 30341-3717 

Katherine Gould-Martin 

Bard College 

Bard in China Program 

Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 

Michele Gragnolati 

MC9-414B (EASSD) 




Nancy Grandjean 


Comparative Political Studies, 

Dept. of Pol Sci 

Box 353530 


Diana Greene 

Department of OB/GYN and RS, 

SFGH 

University of California, 

San Francisco 

Box 0856 

San Francisco, CA 94143 

Gilles Grenier 

University of Ottawa 


Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 

Canada 

Jill Grigsby 

Pomona College 


and Anthropology 

420 Harvard 

Claremont, CA 91711 

Alejandro Grimson 

Bonpland 1938 PB “3”, CP: 141 

Buenos Aires, Argentina 

Shoshana Grossbard-Shechtman 

San Diego University 


San Diego, CA 92182-4485 

Laurence Grummer-Strawn 


and Prevention 

Division of Nutrition 

1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop K25 


Kartono Gunawan 

Biro Perencanaan Dan Penelitian 

Department Kevangan 

Jalan Lapangan Banteng Timur 4 

Jakarta-Pusat, Indonesia 

Guang Guo 


Carolina Population 

Studies Center 

123 West Franklin Street 

Chapel Hill, NC 27514 

Robert Gutman 


SO8A Architecture Building 


Myron Gutmann 


Institute for Social Res. 

Inter-University Consortium 

for Pol. and Soc. 

P.O. Box 1248 


Juan Carlos Guzman 

7737 Inversham Drive, Apt. 179 

Falls Church, VA 22042 

Zahid Hafeez 

614 Peach Street 

Avenel, NJ 07001 

John Hajnal 

95 Hodford Road 

London, NW11 8E England 

Lauren Hale 

State University of New York, 

Stony Brook 

Preventive Medicine 

HSC Level 3, Room 071 

Stony Brook, NY 11794 

William Haller 

206A Woodhaven Drive 

Pendelton, SC 29670 

Asher Halperin 

6 Uri Street 

Tel-Aviv, Israel 

Bruce Hamilton 

Johns Hopkins University 


615 North Wolfe Street 

Baltimore, MD 21205 

Pum Suk Han 

42837 Early Light Place 

Ashburn, VA 20148-6930 

Richard Hankinson 

172 South Harrison Street 


Thomas Hanson 

WestEd 

Human Development Program 

4665 Lampson Avenue 

Los Alamitos, CA 90720-5139 

Hong Sheng Hao 

The People’s University of China 

Institute of Population Research 

Beijing, China 

Kristen Harknett 



3718 Locust Walk/271 McNeil Bldg. 



97


98 

Cynthia Harper 

University of California 

Department of Ob Gyn 

and Reproductive Science 

3333 California Street, Suite 335 

San Francisco, CA 94143-0856 

Beverly Harris 

985 Agua Fria #111 

Santa Fe, NM 87501 

Andrew Haughwout 


Woodrow Wilson School 

Robertson Hall 


Sharon Hayman 

7 Blue Ridge Drive 

Trenton, NJ 08638 

Hong He 

Statistical Bureau of 

Hebei Province 

Division of Population Statistics 

30 Hezou Road 

Shijiazhuang, China 

James Heckman 





Allison Hedley 

4601 North Park Avenue #1105W 

Chevy Chase, MD 20815 

Donald Heisel 

455 E 51st Street, Apt. #4D 


Katherine Hempstead 

Center for Health Statistics 

NJ State Dept of Health and 

Senior Services 

PO Box 360, Room 405 

Trenton, NJ 08625-0360 

Rodolfo Heredia-Benitez 

Calle 96 No.19-A-73 

Corporacion Centro Regional 

de Poblacion 

Apartado Aereo No. 24846 

Santa Fe de Bogota D.C., 

Colombia 

Albert Hermalin 



426 Thompson Street, P.O.B 1248 


Benjamin Hermalin 


Walter A. Haas School 

Berkeley, CA 94720 


Pedro Hernandez 

Institute of Government and 

Public Affairs 

Center for Prevention Research 

and Development 

510 Devonshire Drive 

Champaign, IL 61820 

Linda Coleman Herrick 


Management Information Services 

120 Alexander Street 


Patrick Heuveline 

NORC, and The University 

of Chicago 

Population Research Center 



Mukerrem Hic 

Istanbul University 

Department of Economics in 

English 

Bagdat Caddesi 

Gusel Sok. No.2/10 

Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey 

Allan Hill 



and International Health 



Kenneth Hill 

John Hopkins University 


Dynamics 

615 North Wolfe Street 


Robert Hill 

ARAMCO 

P.O. Box 5426 

Dhahran 

31311, Saudi Arabia 

John Hobcroft 

The University of York 

Department of Social Policy 

and Social Work 

Helsington 

York YO10 5DD 

United Kingdom 

Howard Hogan 

U.S. Bureau of The Census 

Demographic Programs 


Bart Holland 

New Jersey Medical School 

Department of Preventive 

Medicine 

185 South Orange Ave., Rm F596 

Newark, NJ 07103 

Thomas Holzmann 

337 Watkins Road 

Pennington, NJ 08534 

Nguyen Hong 

Vienna International Centre 

UNCSDHA 

P.O. Box 500 

Vienna, A-1400, Austria 

Oswald Honkalehto 

Colgate University 


Hamilton, NY 13346 

Shiro Horiuchi 

Rockefeller University 

Laboratory of Populations 

1230 York Avenue, Box 20 

New York, NY 10021-6399 

Nancy Howell 



725 Spadina Avenue 

Toronto, Ontario M5S 2T4 

Canada 

Yuanreng Hu 

WESTAT 

1650 Research Boulevard 

Rockville, MD 20850 

John Isbister 



Merrill College 

1156 High Street 

Santa Cruz, CA 95064 

Radha Jagannathan 

Bloustein School of Planning and 

Public Policy 

Urban Studies and 

Community Health 

33 Livingston Avenue, Ste. 100 

New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1958 

Shireen Jejeebhoy 

Sett Minar 

16A Peddlar Road 

Bombay, 400 206, INDIA 

John Jemmott 


Annenberg School for 

Communication 

Faculty Ste 520 

3535 Market 


Iris Jerby 

2 Elcharizi Street 

Rishon-Le-Tzion 

75770, Israel 

Lynne Johnson 


Princeton Environmental Institute 

132 Guyot Hall 


Carole Jolly 

U.S. State Department 

ID Windhoek 

Washington, DC 20520-2540 

Elise Jones 

1382 Newtown-Langhorne Road 

Newton, PA 18940 

Anne Ryder Joseph 

South Pamet Road 

P.O. Box 2005 

Truro, MA 02666 

Janina Jozwiak 

Central School of Planning 

and Statistics 

Institute of Statistics and 

Demography 

Al. Nlepodleglosoi 162 

Warsaw, 02-554, Poland 

Roberto Junguito 

Calle 77, #8-01, Apartado 201 

Bogota, Colombia 

Matthijs Kalmijn 

Tilburg University 


P.O. Box 90153 

LE Tilburg 

5000, The Netherlands 

Janet Kalwat 

Evaluation Associates 

Connecticut Avenue 

Norwalk, CT 06854 

Daniel Kammen 


Energy and Research Group 

310 Barrows Hall 

Berkeley, CA 94720-3050 

Ryuichi Kaneko 

Hibiya-kokusai Bldg, 6F 

National Inst. of Population and 

Soc. Sec. Res., 

2-2-3, Uchisaiwai-cho 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

657130, JAPAN 

Deborah Kaple 

115 Prospect Avenue 


Mehtab Karim 

Population & Reproductive 

Health Program 

Department of Community 

Health Sciences 

Aga Khan University 

Karachi, PAKISTAN 

Jennifer Kates 

Kaiser Family Foundation 

1330 G. Street NW 


Rebecca Katz 

Department of State 

Bureau of Verification & 

Compliance 

2201 C. Street NW 

Washington, DC 20520


Hannah Kaufman 


CIT 

87 Prospect Avenue 


Elias Kedir 

370B Greenwich Street 


Catherine Kenney 

University of Illinois 


702 South Wright Street 

Urbana, IL 61801 

Masihur Khan 

2/304 Eastern Point 

8-9 Shantinagar 

Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh 

Kathleen Kiernan 

The University of York 

Department of Social Policy 

and Social Work 

Helsington 

York YO10 5DD United Kingdom 

Elisabeth Kihlberg 

University of Texas, Austin 

College of Natural Sciences- 

Office of the Dean 

1 University Station G2500 

Austin, TX 78712-0548 

Yun Kim 

Utah State University 

Center for International 

Studies/Soc. and Pop. 

Logan, UT 84322 

Rachel Kimbro 

Robert Wood Johnson Health & 

Society Scholar 

Population Health Sciences 


707 WARF Office 

610 North Walnut Street 


Masabumi Kimura 

11-12 Kaminoge 4, Setagaya 

Tokyo, 158, Japan 

Clyde Kiser 

2300 Aberdeen Boulevard 

Gastonia, NC 28054-0613 

Ellen Kisker 

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. 

7639 Crestview Drive 

Longmont, CO 80504 

Rebecca Kissane 

Lafayette College 


and Sociology 

Marquis Hall 

Easton, PA 18042 

Meredith Kleykamp 

University of Kansas 

Dept. of Sociology 

716 Fraser Hall 

1415 Jayhawk Blvd. 

Lawrence, KS 66045 

Jeffrey Kling 

The Brookings Institution 

1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW 


John Knodel 



426 Thompson Street, P.O.B. 1248 


Sanders Korenman 

Baruch College, CUNY 

School of Public Affairs 


Kathryn Kost 

The Alan Guttmacher Institute 

120 Wall Street, 21st Floor 

New York, NY 10005-3904 

Karol Krotki 

University of Alberta 


Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H4 

Canada 

Thompson K. B. Kumekpor 

University of Ghana 


P.O. Box 96 

Legon, Accra Ghana 

Toshio Kuroda 

Nihon University 

Population Research Institute 

3-2 Mikaki-cho 1-chome 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 Japan 

Ulla Larsen 


Population and International 

Health 



Aida Verdugo Lazo 

ENCE 

IBGE 

Ruq Andre de Cavalcanti 106 

Rio De Janeiro, SP 13081-970 

Brazil 

William Leasure 

1112 Bush Street 

San Diego, CA 92103-2807 

Byung Moo Lee 

505 Woolley Avenue 

Staten Island, NY 10314 

Musonda Lemba 

University of Zambia 

Department of Social 

Development Studies 

P.O. Box 32379 

Lusaka, Zambia 

Karen Leppel 

Widener University 

School of Business Administration 

One University Place 

Chester, PA 19103-5792 

Ron Lesthaeghe 

Vrije Universiteit Brussel 

Steunpunt Demografie 

Pleinlaan 2 (M128) 

Brussels, B-1050 BELGIUM 

Michael David Levin 



Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 

Canada 

Eleanor Cole Levinson 

4908 Vistawood Way 

Durham, NC 27713-8065 

Karen Levinson 

630 N Drury Lane 

Arlington Heights, IL 60004 

Madge McKeithen Levy 

41 W 82nd Street, Apt 1D 

New York, NY 10024-5616 

Gwendolyn Lewis 

4512 Courtland Road 

Chevy Chase, MD 20815-3737 

Bin Li 

161 Laurie Meadows Drive Apt. 476 

San Mateo, CA 94403-4862 

Rose Marie Li 

NIH/NIA 

Office of Demography 

7201 Wisconsin Avenue MSC 

9205, Ste. 533 


Shaomin Li 

Old Dominion University 

Department of Management 

Norfolk, VA 23529 

Andres Liebenthal 




Fang Lin 

Sierra Systems 

550-880 Douglas Street 

Victoria, British Columbia 

V8N 4P9 Canada 

I-Fen Lin 

Bowling Green State University 


217 Williams Hall 

Bowling Green, OH 43403-0231 

Nancy Lin 

United Nations 

DC2-1914, 2 UN Plaza 


April Linton 

University of California, San Diego 


401 Social Science Building 

9500 Gilman Dr 0533 

La Jolla, CA 92093 

Kang Liu 

Latham Square Building, Suite 550 

PATA 

1611 Telegraph Avenue 

Oakland, CA 94612 

Massimo Livi-Bacci 

Universita degli Studi di Firenze 

Departimento di Statistica 

Viale Morgagni 59 

Firenze 50134 Italy 

Kim Lloyd 

Washington State University 


Pullman, WA 99164-4020 

David Loevner 

73 Westcott Road 


Leonard Lopoo 

426 Eggers Hall 

Center for Policy Research 

Syracuse University 

Syracuse, NY 13244-1020 

Graham Lord 

1 Evelyn Place 


Ying Lu 

Harvard University 

34 Kirkland Street 


Kristin Luker 


School of Law 

2240 Piedmont Ave 


Robin Lumsdaine 



Box B 


A. Rice Lyons 

295 Western Way 


Todd MacDonald 

ALK Technologies 

1000 Herrontown Rd. 


Miroslav Macura 

U.N. Economic Commission 

for Europe 

Population Activities Unit 

Palais des Nations, Room 470 

Geneve 10 

CH-1211 Switzerland 


99


100 

Shlomo Maital 

Technion-Israel Institute of 

Management 

Economics Department 

Haifa, Israel 

Carolyn Makinson 

Women’s Commission on 

Refugee Women and Children 

122 East 42nd Street, 12th Floor 

New York, NY 10168-1289 

Chitta Malaker 

Indian Statistical Institute 

Demographic Research Unit 

203 Barrackpore Trunk Road 

Calcutta, 700 035 India 

Michael Maltese 

7 Pershing Court 

North Brunswick, NJ 08902 

Paola Marchesini 

Rua Itaujuba 2065/1101 

31.035-540 - Belo Horizonte 

Minas Gerais, Brazil 

Luiz Marina Diaz 

Corporacion Centro Regional 

de Poblacion 

Calle 96 No. 19A – 73 

Apartado Aereo 24846 

Sante Fe de Bogota, Columbia 

James Marshall 

Bureau of Intelligence and 


Department of State 

INR/REC/EF, Room 8444 NS 


Phyllis Marsteller 

4 Pond Drive East 

Rhinebeck, NY 12572-1925 

Linda Martin 

Institute of Medicine 

500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 863 


Sarah Martin 

Ibis Reproductive Health 

2 Brattle Square, 4th Floor 


Poul Matthiessen 

Collstrops Fond 

HC Andersens Boulevard 35 

DK 1553 Copenhagen V, Denmark 

David Matza 




Jane Mauldon 


Graduate School of Public Policy 

2607 Hearst Avenue 



Ismael Maung 

Western Illinois University 

Sociology Department 

Macomb, IL 61455 

Rebecca Maynard 


3700 Walnut Street, Rm 409 

Philadelphia, PA 19104 

James McCarthy 

University of New Hampshire 

School of Health and Human 

Services 

4 Library Way 

217 Hewitt Hall 

Durham, NH 03824 

Justin McCarthy 

University of Louisville 

Department of History 

Louisville, KY 40208 

Michael McKenna 

12 Dobbs Terrace 

Scarsdale, NY 10583 

Robert McLauglin 

International Planned Parenthood 

Fed. WHR, Inc. 

120 Wall Street, 9th Floor 

New York, NY 10005-3902 

Donald McNeil 

Macquarie University 

School of Economics and Financial 

Studies 

North Ryde 

NSW, 2113 Australia 

Kevin McQuillan 

University of Western Ontario 


London, Ontario N6A 5C2 Canada 

Thomas Meeks 

Virginia State University 

Economics Department 

Petersburg, VA 23806-9046 

Lynne Mendenko 


Office of the Dean of the College 

408 West College 


Jane Menken 

University of Colorado 

Institute of Behavioral Sciences 

Campus Box 484 

Boulder, CO 80309-0484 

Barbara Mensch 


Research Division 

One Hammarskjold Plaza 


Peter Michael 

Cooling Springs Farm 

2455 Ballenger Creek Pike 

Adamstown, MD 21710 

Cynthia Miller 

MDRC 



Jane Miller 

Rutgers University 

Institute for Health Research 

30 College Avenue 

New Brunswick, NJ 08903 

Peter Miller 

P.O. Box 112 

Maadi, Cairo EGYPT 

Barry Mirkin 


2 UN Plaza 


Eliot Mishler 

Cambridge Hospital 

Department of Psychiatry 

1493 Cambridge Street 


Wilfred Mlay 

University of Dar es Salaam 


P.O. Box 35049 

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 

Essa Montasser 

91 King Saud Street 

Manialed Rodah 

Cairo, EGYPT 

Roberto Monte-Mor 

Universidade Federal de Minas 

Gerais 

Faculdade de Ciencias Economicas 

Rua Curitiba 832 9° andar 

Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil 

Norma Montes Rodriguez 

CEDEM 

Centro de Estudios Demograficos 

Ave. 41 #2003 entre 20 y 22 

Playa, La Habana Cuba 

Mark Montgomery 


Policy Research Division 



Lorenzo Moreno 


P.O. Box 2393 

Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 

Ann Morning 

New York University 


269 Mercer Street, Room 445 

New York, NY 10003-6687 

Sudhansu Mukherjee 

20/5 N.S.C. Bose Road 

Grahams Land 

Calcutta, 700 040 India 

Basim Musallam 

Cambridge University 

Faculty of Oriental Studies 

Cambridge CB2 1TN England 

Kathy Niebo 


Office of Research and Project 

Administration 

New South 


Steadman Noble 

1101 3rd Street S.W., Apt. #606 


Nazek Nosseir 

American University in Cairo 

Social Research Center 

113 Sharia Kast El Airi 

Cairo, Egypt 

Nelson Obirih-Opareh 

(CSIR-STEPRI) 

Science and Technology Policy 

Research Institute 

PO Box CT, 519 

Cantonment, Accra, Ghana 

Luis Hernando Ochoa 

Macro International, Inc. 

11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 

Calverton, MD 20705-3119 

Marion O’Connor 

37 Ridgeview Circle 


Gretchen Ogden 

6 Spruce Street 

Camden, ME 04843 

Yoichi Okazaki 

3-12 Shirogane 4, Minato-ku 

Tokyo, Japan 

Barbara Okun 

Hebrew University of Jerusalem 

Department of Demography 

Mount Scopus Campus 

Jerusalem, 91905 Israel 

Afaf Omer 



Zageir Hall 112 

One University Heights 

Asheville, NC 28804-3299 

Gbolahan Oni 

Johns Hopkins University 

Population and Family Health 

Sciences 

615 N. Wolfe Street 


Toshio Ono 

Waseda University 

Department of Social Sciences 

1 Totsuka-Cho 

Shinjuku-ku 

Tokyo, Japan


Cynthia Osborne 

7029 Viridian Lane 

Austin, TX 78739 

Joseph Ottieno 

University of Nairobi 

Department of Mathematics 

Chiromo Campus 

Nairobi, Kenya 

Cyprian Oyeka 

Anambra State University of 

Technology 

Department of Applied Statistics 

and Demography 

Awka Campus, P.M.B. 5025 

Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria 

Benjamin Oyuke 

Kenyatta University College 

Department of Mathematics 


Ferhunde Ozbay 

Bogazici University 


Istanbul, Turkey 

Hilary Page 

University of Gent 

Dept. of Population Studies and 

Soc. Science Meth. 

Universiteitstraat 4 

Gent B-9000, Belgium 

Deanna Pagnini 

63 Orient Street 

Willow Vale 


Rohini Pande 

International Center for Research 

on Women 

1717 Massachusetts Avenue, 

Suite 302 


Edith Pantelides 

CENEP 

Casilla 4397 

Correo Central 

Buenos Aires,1000 Argentina 

Vicente Paqueo 




David Pasta 

2970 South Court 

Palo Alto, CA 94306-2458 

Claude Paulet 

UNFPA Nouakchott-Mauritania 

Care of UN Pouch Service 

Box 20 Grand Central 


Anna Paulson 

Northwestern University 

Department of Finance Kellogg 

School 

2001 Sheridan Road 


Anne Pebley 

UCLA School of Public Health 

10833 Le Conte Avenue 

Los Angeles, CA 90095 

Mette Pedersen 

83 Cherry Brook Drive 


Samuel Peterson 





Vasant Pethe 

Gokhale Institute of Politics and 

Economics 

Deccan Gymkhana 

Pune, 411 004 India 

Becky Pettit 



202 Savery Hall Box 353340 


Nayak Lincoln Polissar 

The Mountain-Whisper-Light 

Statistical Consulting 

1827 23rd Avenue East 

Seattle, WA 98112-2913 

Clayne Pope 

Brigham Young University 


Provo, UT 84602 

Joseph Potter 

University of Texas 

Population Research Center 

1800 Main Building 


Linda Potter 

Family Health Research 

56 N. Mill Road 


Robert Potter Jr. 

Sr. 149 

Chappaquiddick 

Edgartown, MA 02539 

R. Potvin 

Catholic University 



Samuel Preston 





Eleanor Preston-Whyte 

University of Natal 

Memorial Tower Bldg. 

Durban, 4041 South Africa 

Barbara Prince 

85 Magnolia Lane 


Emile Quevrin 

Group Bruxelles Lambert 

Avenue Marnix 24 

Brussels 

B-1050 Belgium 

Ladislav Rabusic 

Masaryk University 

School of Social Studies 


Gorkeho 7 

602 00 Brno, Czech Republic 

Hantamalala Rafalimanana 


Population Division 

2 United Nations Plaza, DC2-1964 


Karthick Ramakrishnan 

Pubic Policy Institute of California 

500 Washington Street, Suite 800 

San Francisco, CA 94111 

K. Vaninadha Rao 

Bowling Green State University 


Bowling Green, OH 43403 

Miroslav Rasevic 

Vlajkoviceva 5 

Belgrade, Yugoslavia 

Alfred Rasp 

The University of Puget Sound 

School Evaluation and Research 

1500 North Warner 

Tacoma, WA 98416 

Danilo Rayo 

Frente a Petronic Sur 

Esteli, Nicaragua 

Robert Ream 

University of California, Riverside 

School of Education 

900 University Avenue 

Riverside, CA 92521 

Ilana Redstone 

Institute of Labor & Industrial 

Relations 

University of Illinois-Urbana- 

Champaign 

504 East Armory Avenue, Room 17 

Champaign, IL 61820 

Nancy Reichman 

Robert Wood Johnson Medical 

School 

Pisc/New Brunswick Dept. Pediatrics 

97 Patterson Street, Room 435 

New Brunswick, NJ 08903 

Kia Reinis 

ORC/Macro 


Calverton, MD 20705 

Elisha Renne 



1020 L.S.A. Building 


Ronald Rindfuss 



Chapel Hill, NC 27514 

Fernando Riosmena 

Intl. Istitute for Applied Systems 

Analysis 

Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 

Laxenburg, Austria 

Estela Rivero-Fuentes 

Moreras #5, Jardines de San Mateo 

Naucalpan, Edo. Mex. 

Mexico, C.P. 53240” 

Bill Rives 

Franklin University 

Graduate School of Business 

201 South Grant Avenue 

Columbus, OH 43215 

Hanna Rizk 

8 Salamlek Street 

Garden City, Cairo, Egypt 

Warren Robinson 


P.O. Box 57156 


Arodys Robles 

Apartado 1583-2050 

San Jose, Costa Rica 

Roger Rochat 

Emory University 

1010 Liawen Court 

Atlanta, GA 30329-4122 

David Rogers 

875 West End Avenue 


Anatole Romaniuc 

University of Alberta 

Sociology Department 

1977 Highridge Avenue 

Ottawa 

Ontario K1H 5H1 Canada 

Mark Rosenzweig 





Luis Rosero-Bixby 

Centro Centroamericano de 

Poblacion 

Universidad de Costa Rica 

San Jose 2060, Costa Rica 

Denise Roth Allen 

Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention 

Maternal and Child Health 

Epidemiology Team 

4770 Buford Highway NE, 

Mail Stop K-23 



101


Sipra Roy 

1541 Eddy Cove Court 

North Brunswick, NJ 08902 

Laura Rudkin 

University of Texas Medical Branch 

Department of Preventive 

Medicine 

Galveston, TX 77555-1153 

Diana Russell 

Mills College 


Oakland, CA 94613 

Naomi Rutenburg 


4301 Connecticut Avenue NW 


Norman Ryder 

14 Toth Lane 

Rocky Hill, NJ 08553 

Nasim Sadiq 

1 S.M.C.H. Society 

Statistics Division 

Karachi, Pakistan 

Philip Sagi 

143 Medford Leas 

Medford, NJ 08055 

Fouzi Sahawneh 

University of Jordan 

Population Studies Department 

Amman, Jordan 

Joginder Paul Sapra 

House No. 494, Street No. 5 

Raja Park 

Jaipur 

Rajasthan, India 

Narayan Sastry 

RAND 

1700 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138 

Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 

Andrea Saville-White 

53 University Place 


Allen Schirm 

Mathematica Policy Research 

600 Maryland Avenue SW, Ste. 550 


Ofira Schwartz 

18 Marvin Court 

Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 

James M. Scully 

1618 V. Street NW 


Chris Seplaki 

John Hopkins Bloomberg Sch. of 

Public Health 

Dept. of Population & Family 

Health Sciences 

615 N. Wolfe Street 


David Shapiro 

Pennsylvania State University 


416 Kern Graduate Building 

University Park, PA 16802 

Robert Shell 

7 Gordon Street 

Gardens 8001 

Cape Town, Western Cape 

South Africa 

Bing Shen 

Law School Admin. Service 

P.O. Box 40 

Newton, PA 18940 

Eui Hang Shin 

University of South Carolina 


Columbia, SC 29208 

Tara Shochet 

415 Lawrence, #6 

Ann Arbor, MI 48104 

Federic Shorter 

671 Horseshoe Road 

Gabriola Island 

British Columbia, V0R 1X3 

Canada 

Adam Shrager 

34 Cambridge Way 


K. N. Shrinivasan 

Central Statistical Office 


Sadar Patel Bhawan 

New Delhi 1, India 

M. Khalid Siddiqui 

United Nations ESCAP 

Statistics Division 

UN Building 

Bangkok, 10200 Thailand 

Wendy Sigle-Rushton 

London School of Economics and 

Political Sciences 

Centre for the Analysis of Social 

Exclusion 

Houghton Street 

London, WC2A 2AE England 

Charles Simkins 

13 Seymour Avenue 

Parktown 

Johannesburg, 2193 South Africa 

Catherine, Simms 

276 Dodds Lane 


Steven Sinding 


Joseph E. Mailman School of 

Public Health 


J.N. Sinha 

Delhi University 

Institute of Economic Growth 

Delhi 7, India 

Bernard Skud 

125 SW Jib Street 

Oak Harbor, WA 98277 

Myron Slovin 

1977 East Carver Road 

Tempe, AZ 85284-2537 

Mario Small 



1126 East 59th St. 

SS 408 


Camille Smith 

Harvard University Press 

79 Garden Street 


Claudette Smith 

Skillman Foundation 

600 Renaissance Center, Ste. 1700 

Detroit, MI 48243 

Daniel Smith 

University of Illinois 


601 South Morgan Street 

913 University Hall 

Chicago, IL 60607-7049 

B. Maxwll Stamper 

76 North Maple Avenue, Suite 112 

Ridgewood, NJ 07450 

Debbie Stark 

8541 Ashley Road 

Ashley, OH 43003 

Roberta G. Steinman 

Colorado College 

Business and Economics Dept. 

Colorado Springs, CO 80903 

Patience Stephens 




Marlene Stern 

12 Ashwood Court 

Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 

Michael Stoto 

George Washington University 

Department of Biostatistics 

2021 K Street NW, Suite 800 


Sally Strachan 

27 Halsey Street 

Providence, RI 02906-1414 

William Strain 

4 Acacia Villas 

Boynton Beach, FL 33436-5594 

Jennifer Strickler 

University of Vermont 


31 South Prospect 

Burlington, VT 05401 

Aarno Strommer 

Kirkkokatu 67 B 23 

SF-90120 Ouhu 12 

Finland 

Paul Stupp 


Prevention 

Reproductive Health Division 

1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop K-35 


Shankar Subramanian 

Cornell University 


Uris Hall 

Ithaca, NY 14853 

Donna Sulak 

354 Emily Street 


Dennis Sullivan 

Miami University 


Oxford, OH 45056 

Jeremiah Sullivan 

Macro International, Inc. 


Calverton, MD 20705-3119 

Johanna Swartzentruber 

318 Prince Street 

Bordentown, NJ 08505 

Shinichi Takahashitani 

Kobe University 

Faculty of Economics 

Rokkodai, Nada-ku 

Kobe, 657 Japan 

Jee-Peng Tan 




102 



Kanchana Tangchonlatip 

Mahidol University 

Institute for Population and Social 


25/25 Phuttamonthon 4 Road 

Salaya, Phuttamonthon 

Nakornprathom 73170 Thailand 

Patricia Taylor 

30 Southern Way 


Michael Teitelbaum 

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 

630 Fifth Avenue, Suite 2550 


Julien Teitler 



622 West 113th Street 


Makonnen Tekle-Haimanot 

Central Statistical Office 

P.O. Box 1143 

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 

Ian Thomas 

222 Bluebell Road 

Norwich 

NR4 7LW England 

Joseph Tierney 

Public/Private Ventures 

One Commerce Square 

2005 Market Street, Suite 900 


Aykut Toros 

Hacettepe University 

Institute of Population Studies 

Ankara, Turkey 

Arlene Torres 

University of Illinois at Urbana- 

Champaign 


607 South Matthews Avenue 

109 Davenport Hall 

Urbana, IL 61801 

Roy Treadway 

712 N. School Street 

Normal, IL 61791-1621 

Leslie Treff 

Supreme Court of State of New York 

60 Centre Street, 10th Floor 


Yoshihiro Tsubouchi 

363 Iwakura-Miyake-Cho 

Sakyo-ku 

Kyoto, 606 Japan 

Chi Hsien Tuan 

East-West Center 

East-West Population Institute 

1777 East-West Road 

Honolulu, HI 96848 

Cassio Turra 

Rua Inspector Jose Aparecido, 46 

Belo Horizonte,MG 

30350-730, Brazil 

Cho-Yook Tye 

Ridgewood Condo 

1 Ridgewood Close 

#21-05 Liholiho Rise 

276692, Singapore 

Margaret Usdansky 

Syracuse University 

Center for Policy Research 

426 Eggers Hall 

Syracuse, NY 13244-1020 

Juerg Utzinger 

Swiss Tropical Institute 

PO Box 

Basel, CH-4002 Switzerland 

Etienne van de Walle 

261 Sycamore Avenue 

Merion Station, PA 19066 

Richard Leighton Van Nort 

103 Esmond Road 

Bedford Park 

Chiswick 

London W4 England 

Mark VanLandingham 

Tulane University 

School of Public Health and 

Tropical Medicine 

1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 

New Orleans, LA 70112 

Nallamotu Vasantkumar 

Susquehanna College 


Anthropology 

Selinsgrove, PA 17870 

Barbara Vaughan 

c/o Marcello Lenci 

Via Leonardo da Vinci 3 

Corinaldo (AN), 60013 Italy 

Victoria Velkoff 

US Census Bureau 

International Programs Center 

Washington Plaza II, Rm. 109 


Yvonne Veugelers 

382 Palmerston Boulevard 

Toronto, Ontario M6G 2N6 

Canada 

Daniel Vining 


Regional Science Department 



Pravin Visaria 

Abhinav Colony 

Sujit 

Drive-In Road 

Ahmedabad, 380 052 INDIA 

Simone Wajnman 

R. Carolina Figueiredo 111/101 

Belo Horizonte,MG 

303320-130 Brazil 

Brigitte Waldorf 

University of Arizona 

Department of Geography and 

Regional Development 

Tucson, AZ 85721 

Chengzhi Wang 

520 W. 114th Stret, #74 


Nai Chi Wang 

9120 Fall River Lane 

Potomac, MD 20854 

Linda Warner 

5488 Whitneyville 

Alto, MI 49302 

Charles Warren 


Prevention 

Office on Smoking and Health 

4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop K-50 

Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 

Susan Watkins 




Tara Watson 

Williams College 


Fernald House 

Williamstown, MA 01267 

Jan Watterworth 


P.O. Box 2393 

Princeton, NJ 08543-2393 

Maxine Weinstein 

Georgetown University 


312 Healy Hall, Box 571197 

Washington, DC 20057-1214 

Rachel Weinstein 

41 Baldwin Street 

Pennington, NJ 08534-3303 

Robert Wells 

Union College 


Schenectady, NY 12308 

David Whip 

220 Mysticwood Road 

Reistertown, MD 21136 

Michael White 



Box 1916 


Dorothy Whitfield 

6317 Adams Hunt Drive 

Williamsburg, VA 23188-7357 

W. Bradford Wilcox 

University of Virginia 


874 Locust Avenue 

Charlottesville, VA 22902 

John Williams, Jr. 

Population Reference Bureau 

1875 Connecticut Avenue NW, 

Suite 520 


John Wilmoth 



2232 Piedmont Avenue 


Christopher Wilson 

Max Planck Institute for 

Demography Research 

Doberaner Str. 114 

Rostock 

18057, Germany 

Chantal Worzala 

Medicare Payment Advisory 

Committee 

601 New Jersey Avenue N.W., 

Suite #9000 


Lawrence Wu 

New York University 


269 Mercer Street 


Masaaki Yasukawa 

6-16 Momoi 1, Suginami 

Tokyo, Japan 

Wenzhen Ye 

Xiamen University 


Bai-Cheng Apt. 19(202) 

Xiamen, China 

Stephen Yeh 

University of Hawaii 


2424 Maile Way 

Honolulu, HI 96822 

Zeng Yi 

Peking University 


Beijing, 100871 China 

Kirsten Yocom 

Educational Testing Service 

Rosedale Road 


Mary Youngs-Rabinowicz 

47 Hillside Court 

Boulder, CO 80302 



Farhat Yusuf 

Macquarie University 

Division of Economics and 

Financial Studies 

North Ryde 


Anna Zajacova 

7117 Wood Hollow Dr. Apt. 1628 


Melvin Zelnik 

1055 W. Joppa Road, Apt. 418 

Towson, MD 21204 

Elizabeth Zenger 

Peking University 


Beijing, 100871 China 

Ruichuan Zha 

People’s University of China 


Beijing, China 

Hongxin Zhao 

45 Pondfield Road West, Apt. 5G 

Bronxville, NY 10708-2685 

Hania Zlotnik 



Xuejin Zuo 

Shanghai Academy of Social 

Sciences 


622/7 Huaihai Zhong Lu 

Shanghai, 200020 China 

Melissa zur Loye 

1015 Tanbark Street 

Columbus, IN 47203-1332 

Peteris Zvidrins 

University of Latvia 

Centre for Demography 

19 Rainis Boulevard 

Riga 

LV-1586 Latvia 

Address Not Available 

A.D. Bhatti 

Olga Boemeke 

Michael Bosshart 

Johan Bring 

Jessica Bull 

Ch’eng-Hain Chao 

Shao Hsing Chen 

C.A. Chiang 

Kumudini Dandekar 

Moses Ebot 

Kenneth Egusa 

El Sayed El Daly 

Martina Evans 

L.K. Ezekwe 

Bamikale Feyisetan 

Tomio Fumoto 

Nancy Gilgosh 

Joseph Grinblat 

Timothy Guinnane 

Kuldip Gulati 

Charles Hammerslough 

Keith Hazelton 

Alice Hecht 

Alberto Hernandez 

Ishrat Husain 

Ricardo Jimenez 

Leif Johansson 

A. Meredith John 

Thomas Kane 

Elizabeth Karns 

Asmerom Kidane 

Jacqui Koenig 

Evelyn (Whang-Kyung) Koh 

Yun-Yu Ku 

Ivan Lakos 

Yung-Jung Lee 

Guang-Qin Ma 

Murari Majumdar 

Alan Margolis 

Jin Morioka 

Lois Paul 

Dimiter Philipov 

David Phillips 

Jennifer Pimentel 

Frank Ponsi 

Beth Preiss 

S. Raghavachari 

Marie Reijo 

Toni Richards 

Krishna Roy 

Carol Ryner 

J. Sandesara 

Swee-Hock Saw 

G.B. Saxena 

Shanti Seth 

Paul Singer 

Christina Su 

Yi-Ping Sun 

Katsuhide Tani 

Lorne Tepperman 

Duncan Thomas 

Kozo Ueda 

Barbara Van Buren 

Ronald Wade 

Liyun Wang 

Yasar Yesilcay 

Wiqar Zaidi 

Catherine Zalokar 

Jun Zhu 

104 


OPR 2005 Annual Report 

Edited by 

Judith Tilton 

Designed by 

THINK Communications Group 

Printed by 

Riegel Printing, Inc.

OPR 



Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 

Phone: 609.258.4870 

Fax: 609.258.1039 

Email: news@opr.princeton.edu 

Website: opr.princeton.edu

2005 - Office of Population Research, Princeton University

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