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8. found Discussion How much money does a normal person need? What can you do with more than $1 billion? Should the super-rich pay more tax? KEY 1 Key words 1. inherit 2. compile 3. entrepreneur 4. tycoon 5. fortune 6. bachelor 7. founder 8. retail 9. commodities 10. heiress Find the information 1. Bill Gates 2. Mexico 3. $3.5 trillion 4. $1 billion 5. 53 6. Liliane Bettencourt in the 1980s Comprehension check 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. F Vocabulary 1: Find the word 1. ranking 2. expert 3. charity 4. overtake 5. newcomer 6. retailer 7. from scratch 8. wealthiest Vocabulary 2: Word formation 1. investment 2. growth 3. marriage 4. increase 5. inheritance 6. ownership/owner (person) 7. production/producer (person) 8. foundation/founder (person) Vocabulary 3: Prefixes 1. d 2. g 3. b 4. a 5. h 6. c 7. f 8. e Emoticons, emails and letter writing / Intermediate Match these emoticons with their meanings. }:-( I’m wearing glasses ;-) I’m undecided 8-) I’m married 0:-) Your toupee is blowing in the wind :-)(-: I’m only joking! :-\ The writer just made a sweet or innocent remark Skim-read the article to find words that mean the following. 1. to show or tell – _______________ (para 1) 2. to put in – _______________ (para 1) 3. a feeling you experience – _______________ (para 1) 4. someone who is extremely interested in computers – _______________ (para 1) 5. not deliberate or planned – _______________ (para 2) 6. behaving or speaking in a way that seems rude – _______________ (para 2) 7. to feel sorry or sad about something you have done – _______________ (para 4) 8. the process of changing from one state to another – _______________ (para 4) 9. a strong sad or guilty feeling about something you have done – _______________ (para 6) 10. to destroy – _______________ (para 7) 11. without emotion – _______________ (para 8) 12. to let someone know you have received something they sent you – _______________ (para 9) 20
13. to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly – _______________ (para 10) Emoticons, emails and letter writing Simon Jenkins September 21, 2007 Have emails made us into unemotional machines? The emoticon is 25 years old. In 1982, a Pittsburgh professor, Scott Fahlman, noted that his students’ emails lacked body language and voice tones and could not express greetings and humour. So, the smiley was born, and with it a large amount of symbols intended to insert normal human emotion into the cold alphabet. A–Z might have been fine for Shakespeare, Milton, Keats and Shelley, but for today’s global nerd it is not good enough. Early telegraphy had its own short forms and users soon realized that abbreviated language could sometimes cause unintentional pain and embarrassment. Therefore, symbols were used to soften remarks that might seem sarcastic or abrupt. The result was not just smileys but frownies and various signs of confusion, love, anger and surprise. There are 16 pages of emoticons in Andrew John’s Txtr’s A–Z – my favourite being }:-( which means ‘your toupee is blowing in the wind’. These days many computers automatically change the frownie into :-(. In other words, :-)and :-( �have become formal symbols in Internet vocabulary. I agree that there is a problem. I have often sent a personal email or text message which I have regretted afterwards. The old-fashioned pen slowed the transition from spoken word (and intended meaning) to script. It gave you time to think, as did the manual typewriter. Writing involved effort. A word was thought about before being written on paper and sent through the post. These days, thoughts quickly change into finished, but imperfect sentences. As soon as they are on screen they become real. And ‘send’ is always clicked too soon. There is no wait for the post to go, no time to correct what you wrote. Nor is there any certainty that an email has arrived, so we have to call and ask: “Did you get my email ... why didn’t you reply?” And then we regret sending it off so quickly. We should have read it through one more time. How on earth did we manage in the past? Somehow we communicated love, hurt, remorse, anger and joy with the help of the Oxford English Dictionary. We used quill, pen, pencil, ballpoint, even typewriter, and if anything went wrong we had the telephone as backup. But why is email so lacking in feeling that it needs its own additional emoticon alphabet? How believable is :-)? The authors of a book on ‘netiquette’ say that, “On email people aren’t quite themselves ... they are angrier, less sympathetic, less aware, more easily wounded, even more gossipy.” Some have even wrecked their marriages, lost their jobs and ended up in jail. Many of us do not know how to handle email. Do we start Dear Sir or Hi gorgeous, or get straight down to business? Do we cover the screen with capital letters, exclamation marks and emoticons in a desperate effort to explain what we mean? Do we end with Yours sincerely, Kind regards or Byeee!? Even such simple words as please, thank you and sorry have a hundred different meanings when spoken but are toneless when lying flat on the screen. The truth is that, for other than routine messages and acknowledgements, email is not as good as the telephone and the letter. Compared to the telephone, email distances us. It not only removes the tone of 21
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Page 27 and 28: The survey shows a rise in Internet
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Page 31 and 32: 3. Ariana is banned from most Europ
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Page 35 and 36: Gang mayhem grips LA Intermediate K
Page 37 and 38: ackdrop of palm trees. It claims to
Page 39 and 40: Read the headline. Tick the words y
Page 41 and 42: Vocabulary Find the word Find the w
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Page 45 and 46: Computers Below you will find some
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Page 51 and 52: Vocabulary It all comes down to (1.
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Situation 2 c I'll have to get back
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Complaining and Apologising Check y
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Esame Lingua Inglese, 15 Settembre
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2) ‘Bot nets were discovered quit
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3. Environment recognition ASIMO ca
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small,great smaller, greater the sm
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I'll help you if you want. / lf you
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that mistake. 4 If we’d found/we
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A few letters of my friends ore com
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1 'Could I speak to Mr Yo, please?'
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informal or neutral: actually, in f
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4 It could / will rain, so we shoul
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5 I__________ go the dentist next F
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4 Money €678 six hundred and seve
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check; and all medical equipment se
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11 Past continuous was / were + ver
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9 When George saw / was seeing Dian
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down again by 60%. In a statement r
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2 I ...............................
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7. I ………………………..(
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a state rather than an action. a ve
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Some verbs and verb phrases have to
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Complete the following sentences wi
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Order of adjectives When we have mo
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6 I'm sorry, my flight has been ___
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So with adjectives and adverbs: The
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2 I had _________ trouble finding s
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21 Relative Clauses 1 We use who or
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Negative and positive un- non- in-
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Exercise 2 Read the following sente
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BUSINESS IN BRIEF 3560 three thousa
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Unemployment has been rising If the
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(what/husband/do?) (he/enjoy his jo
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scenario --- scenarios cargo --- ca
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Many singular quantifying expressio
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esult, results, resulting a The lin
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The instructions are very clear and
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Exercise 1 A device that scans bar
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if the meal is a specific meal then
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1 In paragraph 4 which streets are
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Practice Exam Esame Lingua Inglese,
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100 machines. 2) ‘Bot nets were d
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voice commands, but also to the nat
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