FUNGI AND LICHENS IN THE BALTICS AND BEYOND XVIII ...

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Needle extracts did not inhibit the growth of L. seditiosum. Therefore only bark extracts were used in further experiments. Bark extracts prepared with different extraction methods were used in present study. Ethanol-based bark extracts in higher concentrations had stimulating effect on fungal growth but in low concentrations (0.1%) inhibited fungal growth. Bark extract on the base of sodium hydroxide in 1% and 1.5% concentrations inhibited mycelial growth. In addition, L. seditiosum isolates of different origins were tested on media with addition of different extracts. Interesting aspect was that fungal culture growth forms differed according to extract added to media – on some extracts fungi formed mycelia mostly on media surface but on some extracts fungi grew deep into the agar media. NEW PATHOGENS ON LEAVES OF Alnus spp. IN LITHUANIA S. MARKOVSKAJA Institute of Botany, Nature Research Center, Laboratory of Mycology, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail: svetlana.markovskaja@botanika.lt In the mid-1990ies an epidemic of foliar rust affecting alder trees began in Europe. The agent was identified as new host-alternating rust fungus Melampsoridium hiratsukanum S. Ito ex Hirats., which for the first time was recorded in Baltic region by the end of 1990ies. In Lithuania it also appeared around 1998 (according to the first collected specimen preserved in BILAS herbarium). This Asian rust fungus probably was introduced to Europe with its first (aecial) host plants Larix spp. and have been rapidly spreading in Europe by the urediniospores on their second (telial) host plants Alnus spp. Apparently it is a relatively aggressive pathogen especially for grey alder, which may also infect leaves of more resistant black alder. During present study we found that M. hiratsukanum is already widely spread in our country on Alnus incana and started to appear on Alnus glutinosa. In 2010 we found M. hiratsukanum at the edge of the great cormorant colony (Curonian Spit) strongly affecting leaves of both A. incana and A. glutinosa. Other pathogen, an eriophyid mite Acalitus brevitarsus Fockeu (by symptoms resembling rust fungi) was found on Alnus glutinosa leaves together with the fungus. In the other parts of Curonian Spit and continental Lithuania these pathogens – the rust fungus and the mite are never found together, this only exception was recorded in the forest affected by cormorants. The reason for this is that Melampsoridium hiratsukanum mainly infects leaves of Alnus incana, meantime Acalitus brevitarsus affects only leaves of A. glutinosa. Evidently, the forest affected by cormorant activity became more susceptible to pathogens and invasive species. Acknowledgements. This research was funded by a grant No LEK -23/2010 from the Research Council of Lithuania.
FUNGI IN SOIL BELOW CORMORANT (PHALACROCORAX CARBO SINENSIS) COLONY IN WESTERN LITHUANIA D. PEČIULYTĖ*, V. DIRGINČIUTĖ-VOLODKIENĖ Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania *E-mails: dalia.peciulyte@botanika.lt, vaidiluted@gmail.com The possible effects of a great cormorant Phalocrocorax carbo colony on abundance, diversity, and species composition of soil fungi communities were investigated in a coniferous forest near the Curonian Bay in western Lithuania. Samples were collected at five study sites that had the same vegetation composition but were in different stages of breeding colony establishment and a site outside cormorant colony (control). Samples of the soil (0–10 cm) were collected in August 2010 and May 2011. The dilution plating method and several selective media were used for fungal isolation and identification. In the present study, we did not find significant correlations between the abundance of soil fungi and intensity of the forest stand damage by cormorants (i.e. stand intensively colonized by cormorants from 1983 up to 2011, moderately or newly colonized, and control area), but we found fungal species severely affected by the colonization intensity. Total numbers of cultivable fungi in soil at formerly colonized and the control sites were higher in spring, while at newly and intensively colonized sites – in autumn. The lowest fungal abundance was determined in the soil of sites with maximal vegetation damage and obviously slowed down organic mater destruction. Trends of the negative correlation between the total number of fungi and total carbon content in these sites (R=–0.51, p>0.05) also shows the slowed organic matter destruction process in soil. Fungal abundance negatively correlated with low (~ 3.1–3.8) soil pH and phosphorus content (R=–0.6537 and 0.6358, p
Page 1 and 2: FUNGI AND LICHENS IN THE BALTICS AN
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Programme Field trip sites
Page 5 and 6: LICHENOLOGICAL SECTION E. Farkas, L
Page 7 and 8: Alternative trip: Šakymas Strict N
Page 9 and 10: production of conidia (a single con
Page 11 and 12: Among the collected 81 herbarium sp
Page 13: different fungal species of the sam
Page 17 and 18: FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SEED AND PLAN
Page 19 and 20: North America. Presence of this fun
Page 21 and 22: pathogen of shoots, and was detecte
Page 23 and 24: The frequency more than 10% showed
Page 25 and 26: 1. Disc surface waxy-looking - Belo
Page 27 and 28: ON THE LICHENS OF SVALBARD ARCHIPEL
Page 29 and 30: important because of the recently d
Page 31 and 32: EPIPHYTIC AND EPIXYLIC LICHENS IN G
Page 33 and 34: LICHEN STUDIES ON KARELIAN ISTHMUS
Page 35 and 36: Nordic Lichen Flora vol. 4 - Parmel
Page 37 and 38: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS BELARUS Ann Te
Page 39 and 40: Dmitry E. Himelbrant, Faculty of Bi

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