US-China Commission Report - Fatal System Error

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RECOMMENDATIONS • The Commission recommends that Congress carefully examine any agreement involving Internet service providers that addresses pressures from the Chinese government to provide personally identifiable information about Internet users and that Congress periodically review the effectiveness of such agreements. • The Commission recommends that Congress investigate the possibility that Chinese government press and Internet censorship violates China’s obligations as a member of the World Trade Organization. (310)
311 ENDNOTES FOR CHAPTER 5 1. David Shambaugh, ‘‘China’s Propaganda System: Institutions, Processes and Efficacy,’’ The China Journal, No. 57, January 2007; See also Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 37; and U.S.- China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on Access to Information in the People’s Republic of China, testimony of He Qinglian, July 31, 2007. 2. David Shambaugh, ‘‘China’s Propaganda System: Institutions, Processes and Efficacy,’’ The China Journal, No. 57, January 2007. 3. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 13. 4. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 19. 5. Jiao Guobiao, ‘‘Declaration of the Campaign Against the Central Propaganda Department,’’ http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.aspparentid=17004. 6. Louisa Lam, ‘‘Outspoken Chinese Professor Fired,’’ BBC News, March 30, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4392705.stm. 7. He Qinglian, The Fog of Censorship: Media Control in China (Human Rights in China, New York: 2008), pp. 43–44. 8. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 16. 9. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 18. 10. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 18; Kenneth Lieberthal, Governing China (W.W. Norton & Co., New York: 2004), p. 235. 11. Minxin Pei, China’s Trapped Transition (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA: 2006), pp. 89–90. 12. As cited in Anne-Marie Brady, ‘‘Guiding Hand: The Role of the CCP Central Propaganda Department in the Current Era,’’ Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, Vol. 3(1), University of Westminster, 2006, 58–77. 13. Hu Jintao, ‘‘Address During Inspection Work at the People’s Daily Offices’’ [Zai Renmin Ribao She Kaocha Gongzuo de Jianghua], People’s Daily online, June 21, 2008. http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1024/7408514.html. 14. Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China (Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Lanham, MD: 2008), p. 9. 15. David Shambaugh, ‘‘China’s Propaganda System: Institutions, Processes and Efficacy,’’ The China Journal, No. 57, January 2007. 16. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on Access to Information and Media Control in the People’s Republic of China, written testimony of Xiao Qiang, June 18, 2008. 17. Ashley Esarey, ‘‘Speak No Evil: Mass Media Control in Contemporary China,’’ Freedom House Special Report, February 2006. 18. Dexter Roberts, ‘‘Impartial, Objective, and Fair,’’ BusinessWeek Blog, June 2006. http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/blog/eyeonasia/archives/2008/06/impartiallobjec.html. 19. The Chinese term is xinxi zhuquan. 20. The Chinese term is xinxi baquan. 21. Ren Mingyan, ‘‘Research Into Issues of Information Sovereignty Against the Background of the Internet’’ [Hulianwang Beijing xia Guojia Xinxi Zhuquan Wenti Yanjiu], Hebei Law Science, Vol. 25, Iss. 6, 2007. http://www.cqvip.com/qk/80057X/ 200706/24577529.html. 22. Mure Dickie and Richard MacGregor, ‘‘Beijing Concerned About Color Revolution,’’ Financial Times, November 17, 2008. 23. He Qinglian, The Fog of Censorship: Media Control in China (Human Rights in China, New York: 2008), p. 167. 24. ‘‘Uphold Information Sovereignty, China Must Vigorously Develop Its Own Blog Websites’’ [Weihu Xinxi Zhuquan, Zhongguo Bixu Dali Fazhan Ziji de Boke Wangzhan] People’s Daily online editorial, September 2, 2005. http://it.people.com. cn/GB/42891/42895/3663682.html.
Page 1 and 2:
USCC 2008 ANNUAL REPORT
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1 2008 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTS Page TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO
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INDEX OF TABLES AND FIGURES 2008 RE
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2 economic, security, diplomatic, a
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4 China’s Capital Investment Vehi
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6 • Antidumping penalties imposed
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8 rities of other nations and cause
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10 Conclusions China’s Current En
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12 other countries that rely on Chi
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14 vein, there appears to be a stro
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16 lator of all financial services
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18 • Identifying substandard ship
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20 During the year, China continued
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22 U.S. inspections of prisons to e
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24 to the uncertainty during the su
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26 U.S. exports to China were 20 pe
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28 currency for RMB to obtain forei
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30 of supply and demand in the fore
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32 troversial is whether the treaty
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34 erty (IP) rights holders from en
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36 New Currency Rules China’s und
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38 brought in 2006 by the United St
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40 sectoral talks on farm trade. In
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42 tinue buying foreign exchange, t
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44 difference between temporary, th
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46 The Administrative Structure and
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48 U.S. dollar and has appreciated
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50 Development Committee and other
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52 drawn some fairly conventional l
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54 demonstrates the great length to
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56 cent revelations of the activiti
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58 of China by way of the investmen
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60 Ltd. attempted to acquire the U.
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62 not be applied necessarily in th
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64 economy—from ports and telecom
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66 asset allocations, benchmarks, a
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68 the investments, viewing them as
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70 and printed circuits in order to
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72 2006, R&D spending in China from
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74 tios—two of Asia’s technolog
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76 The last time the United States
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78 pendent players. However, this m
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80 aviation industry and has a role
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SECTION 4: A CASE STUDY OF THE LOCA
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85 The rise of industrial fish farm
Page 97 and 98:
87 According to the Southern Shrimp
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89 the increasing import base. The
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91 nated fish are discovered after
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93 At the time this Report was comp
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95 port with the hope it will be ad
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97 Restaurants also are exempted by
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99 entire dusted product is from Ch
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101 written and approved, which is
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RECOMMENDATIONS The U.S.-China Trad
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105 gress could enable consumers to
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107 26. ‘‘China Central Bank to
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109 82. USTR, ‘‘2008 National T
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111 121. U.S.-China Economic and Se
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113 173. ‘‘China’s Stake in B
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117 282. International Working Grou
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121 361. Food & Water Watch, ‘‘
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123 Louisiana and the U.S. Gulf Coa
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126 While witnesses concluded that
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128 China’s Nonproliferation Comm
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130 State during the interdiction o
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132 Northwest National Laboratory
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134 UN Security Council resolutions
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136 ployment, this change would inf
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138 ing Iran’s missile program on
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SECTION 2: CHINA’S VIEWS OF SOVER
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142 ficing the principle behind it.
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144 baseline. Other states enjoy ov
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146 India, Vietnam, Taiwan, and oth
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148 as, ‘‘What constitutes a sp
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150 The proposed PAROS treaty itsel
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152 enhance China’s assertions of
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154 Media and Public Opinion Warfar
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SECTION 3: THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF
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158 Today, China’s space program
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160 The Management Structure for Ch
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162 • Launching geostationary orb
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164 bility to conduct cyber operati
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166 tions between the NIPRNet and t
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RECOMMENDATIONS China’s Prolifera
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170 ENDNOTES FOR CHAPTER 2 1. U.S.-
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172 41. U.S.-China Economic and Sec
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174 80. Janice E. Thomson, ‘‘St
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176 112. Reinhard Drifte, ‘‘Jap
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Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 3 CHINA’S ENERGY AND ENVI
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185 A growing share of energy deman
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187 pleted. Without the discovery a
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189 A Survey of China’s Interests
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191 projects that imports of natura
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193 and design of the units. 71 Chi
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195 dioxide, nitrous oxide, mercury
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197 sions are realized and producti
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199 ferent interests that motivate
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201 the oil, gas, coal, and power i
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203 fluential figures in business a
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205 The Terminology Used to Describ
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207 velop international and domesti
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209 that growth must occur in an en
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211 servation. Officials highlighte
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213 grated Gasification Combined Cy
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215 Obtaining sufficient movement f
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217 nology and finding ways to make
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219 • As the negotiations for a p
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221 ENDNOTES FOR CHAPTER 3 1. U.S.-
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223 tent.aspxdata=EmergingMktlconte
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225 13, 2008. These tools include s
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229 ergy Group, Environmental Energ
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CHAPTER 4 CHINA’S FOREIGN ACTIVIT
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233 China will seek to displace the
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235 China to help resolve them. 22
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237 presenting itself as an accepta
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239 China’s infrastructure invest
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241 IMF. The Angolan government exp
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243 China’s Conventional Arms Sal
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245 Kurlantzick testified that Chin
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247 pendent of their legislatures a
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249 diplomacy and in the internatio
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SECTION 2: CHINA’S RELATIONSHIPS
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PART 1: TAIWAN The Significance of
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255 PRC pressure directed against T
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257 this end. 150 (Additional infor
Page 269 and 270: 259 Discussions Regarding Arms Sale
Page 271 and 272: 261 ernment is committed to set ann
Page 273 and 274: 263 • Arms purchases from the Uni
Page 275 and 276: 265 China, appreciation of the RMB,
Page 277 and 278: 267 Days later, although they did n
Page 279 and 280: Introduction PART 3: THE REPUBLIC O
Page 281 and 282: 271 South Korean officials emphasiz
Page 283 and 284: 273 mount among the ROK’s diploma
Page 285 and 286: 275 Even after approving these grad
Page 287 and 288: 277 exercising undue influence—be
Page 289 and 290: RECOMMENDATIONS China’s Expanding
Page 291 and 292: 281 ENDNOTES FOR CHAPTER 4 1. U.S.-
Page 293 and 294: 283 42. UN Conference on Trade and
Page 295 and 296: 285 87. U.S.-China Economic and Sec
Page 297 and 298: 287 134. Calculation performed by C
Page 299 and 300: 289 184. ‘‘Factbox: Key facts o
Page 301 and 302: CHAPTER 5 CHINA’S MEDIA AND INFOR
Page 303 and 304: 293 The central role of the Propaga
Page 305 and 306: 295 thoritarian post-Soviet governm
Page 307 and 308: 297 Some of the measures taken by C
Page 309 and 310: 299 Images of ‘‘Jing-Jing’’
Page 311 and 312: 301 Legislation was introduced duri
Page 313 and 314: 303 In addition to promoting a powe
Page 315 and 316: 305 Chinese Government Restrictions
Page 317 and 318: 307 search engine and the servers s
Page 319: 309 media, the Internet, popular en
Page 323 and 324: 313 image-of-internet-police-jingji
Page 325: 315 90. U.S.-China Economic and Sec
Page 328 and 329: 318 China’s prison labor system,
Page 330 and 331: 320 most literal sense, the term la
Page 332 and 333: 322 treatment of Falun Gong practit
Page 334 and 335: 324 lowing its signing. According t
Page 336 and 337: 326 granted just three of 18 prison
Page 338 and 339: 328 Mr. Marck, who is the partial o
Page 340 and 341: 330 complaints involving internatio
Page 342 and 343: RECOMMENDATIONS • The Commission
Page 344 and 345: 334 28. U.S. Department of Homeland
Page 347 and 348: COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF THE COMMISSIO
Page 349 and 350: 339 gram. By expanding this volunta
Page 351 and 352: 341 27. The Commission recommends t
Page 353 and 354: 343 43. The Commission recommends t
Page 355 and 356: 345 ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF COMMISSIONE
Page 357 and 358: 347 ADDITIONAL VIEWS OF COMMISSIONE
Page 359 and 360: APPENDIX I UNITED STATES-CHINA ECON
Page 361 and 362: 351 (iii) make all subsequent appoi
Page 363 and 364: 353 (2) Information. The Commission
Page 365 and 366: 355 In each Section and Subsection
Page 367: 357 ecutive Schedule under section
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360 member of the Academic Advisory
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362 nomic, defense, and foreign pol
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364 formulated by the Committee suc
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366 Commissioner Shea is an attorne
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368 than twenty years, leaving his
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APPENDIX III PUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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373 May 20, 2008: Public Hearing on
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APPENDIX IIIA LIST OF WITNESSES TES
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377 Alphabetical Listing of Panelis
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379 Alphabetical Listing of Panelis
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382 REPUBLIC OF KOREA, JAPAN AND TA
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APPENDIX V LIST OF U.S. SANCTIONS I
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387 Date Imposed Entity/Person Cont
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APPENDIX VII ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRO
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393 UNGA UN PKO USD USDA USITC USTR
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