US-China Commission Report - Fatal System Error

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80. Janice E. Thomson, ‘‘State Sovereignty in International Relations: Bridging
the Gap between Theory and Empirical Research,’’ International Studies Quarterly,
Vol. 39, No. 2, June 1995, 213–233.
81. S.C.M. Paine, The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and
Primacy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 2003), p. 27.
82. S.C.M. Paine, The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and
Primacy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 2003), p. 272.
83. Dr. Dreyer served as a member of this Commission from 2001 to 2005. U.S.-
China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’s Views of Sovereignty
and Methods of Access Control, testimony of June Teufel Dreyer, February
27, 2008.
84. Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, ‘‘Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,’’ October 10,
2003. www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/wjzc/t27084.htm.
85. M. Taylor Fravel, ‘‘Regime Insecurity and International Cooperation: Explaining
China’s Compromises in Territorial Disputes,’’ International Security, Vol.
30, No. 2, Fall 2005, 46.
86. ‘‘China and Russia sign border deal,’’ BBC News, July 21, 2008; Russian
News and Information Agency, ‘‘Handover of Russian islands to China seen as effective
diplomacy,’’ October 14, 2008.
87. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2007 Report to Congress
(Washington, DC: 2007), p. 227.
88. ‘‘The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue,’’ released by the Taiwan
Affairs Office and the Information Office of the State Council. http://www.gwytb.
gov.cn:8088/detail.asptable=WhitePaper&title=White&mlid=4.
89. ‘‘The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue,’’ released by the Taiwan
Affairs Office and the Information Office of the State Council. http://www.gwytb.
gov.cn:8088/detail.asptable=WhitePaper&title=White&mlid=4.
90. The ‘‘first island chain’’ refers to the line extending from the Kuriles through
Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the Indonesian archipelago
(encompassing the South and East China Sea), the land areas closest to the coast
of mainland East Asia. Chris Rahman, ‘‘Defending Taiwan, and why it matters,’’
Naval War College Review, Autumn 2001, 73, 77.
91. The United States signed the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea in 1994. United Nations, Division for Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea, ‘‘Chronological
lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the
related Agreements as of 26 September 2008.’’ http://www.un.org/Depts/los/referencelfiles/chronologicalllistsloflratifications.htm#The%20United
% 20Nations
% 20Convention % 20on%20the % 20Law%20of%20the%20Sea.
92. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, December 10, 1982. http://
www.un.org/Depts/los/conventionlagreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm.
93. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, December 10, 1982. http://
www.un.org/Depts/los/conventionlagreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm.
94. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, December 10, 1982. http://
www.un.org/Depts/los/conventionlagreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm. According to
section 3 (A), article 19 in the Law of the Sea Treaty, ‘‘Passage of a foreign ship
shall be considered to be prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal
State if in the territorial sea it engages in any of the following activities: (a) any
threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence
of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles
of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations; (b) any exercise
or practice with weapons of any kind; (c) any act aimed at collecting information
to the prejudice of the defense or security of the coastal State; (d) any act of propaganda
aimed at affecting the defense or security of the coastal State; (e) the launching,
landing or taking on board of any aircraft; (f) the launching, landing or taking
on board of any military device; (g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency
or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and
regulations of the coastal State; (h) any act of willful and serious pollution contrary
to this Convention; (i) any fishing activities; (j) the carrying out of research or survey
activities; (k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication
or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State; (l) any other activity not
having a direct bearing on passage.’’
95. The declaration refers to islands as listed in article 2 of the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, February
25, 1992. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/
CHNl1992lLaw.pdf.