PART 5_2 Chemical contaminants and ecotoxicology

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Internal dosimeters- 1. measure the amount of a toxicant or its metabolite present in cells, tissues, or body fluids. Ex. urinary nitrophenol concentration used as a marker for methyl parathion exposure. 2. account for individual differences in absorption and bioaccumulation of the xenobiotic and are relatively easy to measure. The biologically effective dose is the amount of the internal dose necessary to elicit a response or health effect.
2. Biomarkers of Effect Biomarkers of effect are measurable alterations of an organism that can indicate a potential or established health impairment or disease (Travis, 1993). These can include an alteration in a tissue or organ, an early event in a biologic process that is predictive of disease, a health impairment or clinical disease, or a response parallel to the disease process, but correlated with it, and able to predict health impairment. Ex. the change in blood cholinesterase activity after exposure to anticholinesterase organophosphorous pesticides.
Page 1 and 2: Environmental Chemistry Part 5 Bios
Page 4 and 5: Beyond our toxin trail Is the grave
Page 6 and 7: There are also differences. Toxicol
Page 8 and 9: •At population level, response ca
Page 10 and 11: Assessment of Structural Changes ch
Page 12 and 13: Chemicals of Ecotoxicological inter
Page 14 and 15: Bioavailabiltiy The fraction of a c
Page 17: Biomagnification - where the chemic
Page 20 and 21: ECOSYSTEMS: Fate of Metals • The
Page 22 and 23: Fate of Metals • pH is very impor
Page 24 and 25: ECOSYSTEMS: Terrestrial • Mobilit
Page 26: ECOSYSTEMS: Aquatic • The ultimat
Page 29: 1. Biomarkers of exposure Biomarker
Page 33 and 34: Biomarkers in order of decreasing s
Page 35 and 36: Biomarker interpretation • Specie
Page 37 and 38: Example • The pollutant binding t
Page 39 and 40: • Binding: - Reversible vs. Irrev
Page 41 and 42: Protective biochemical response •
Page 43 and 44: Non-protective response - Binding t
Page 45 and 46: Non-protective response • Environ
Page 47 and 48: Behavioral Changes - Either or both
Page 49 and 50: Diclofenac residues as the cause of
Page 51 and 52: Some General effects of pollution o
Page 53 and 54: What is an Endocrine Disruptor “
Page 57: Hormone regulation and feedback con
Page 60: Genomic mechanisms of ED action •
Page 65 and 66: Various Classes of EDCs Flame Retar
Page 67 and 68: Bioavailability of PBDEs ‣Found i
Page 69: Health Effects of PBDEs ‣Similar
Page 72 and 73: Atrazine • A chlorotriazine herbi
Page 74 and 75: 聚氯乙烯 (PVC) 让长牙
Page 76 and 77: Tributyltin (TBT) 三丁基锡
Page 78 and 79: 许多生物对有机锡的
Page 80 and 81:
Alkylphenol( 烷基酚 ) • 聚
Page 82 and 83:
EDSTAC Tier 2 dose-response relatio
Page 86:
Temperature-dependent sex determina
Page 89 and 90:
III. Field studies Manipulative Obs
Page 91 and 92:
Excised microcosms are segments of
Page 94 and 95:
Biomonitoring
Page 96 and 97:
An Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI)
Page 98:
Example 1 • What will happen When
Page 105:
•Data required to conduct an ecol
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PART 5_2 Chemical contaminants and ecotoxicology

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