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<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<br />
94<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong> معذ<strong>ا</strong>لک د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> حد<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چه <strong>ا</strong>شک<strong>ا</strong>ل تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده شده <strong>ا</strong>ست، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
عليت ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تق<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> هجدهم <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه<br />
مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>- <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>لت<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ست." ("<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم"، کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> د<strong>و</strong>م، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> د<strong>و</strong>م<br />
١٩٠٧<br />
٥٧<br />
A<br />
صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت – ۴٠ (۴١<br />
[<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک کل<strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ز چيزه<strong>ا</strong>ی س<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>گم <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> هفدهم، که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی عليه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>حتج<strong>ا</strong>ج میک<strong>ن</strong>د، معتقد<strong>ن</strong>د که "<strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong><br />
فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه" مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>پ</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عک<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong><br />
هست<strong>ن</strong>د که "د<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ج <strong>ا</strong>ز ذه<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د (مقدمه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>يد).<br />
ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> ژ. ديتزگ<strong>ن</strong> شديد<strong>ا</strong>ً ه<strong>ر</strong> تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت "<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی" شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ديده<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong> میش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس کلک <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مث<strong>ا</strong>ل ک<strong>و</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز دگ<strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی "شيئ<br />
فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه" <strong>ب</strong>ه "شيئ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>" میک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ه، <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>فت<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "هميشه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی<br />
ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل د<strong>ر</strong>ک د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ديده" د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، مهمل گ<strong>و</strong>ئی محض <strong>ا</strong>ست. هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که م<strong>ا</strong><br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ستيک ديده<strong>ا</strong>يم، دليل <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>فهميد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حقيقت مطلق <strong>و</strong> حقيقت <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست (که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عد<strong>ا</strong>ً سخ<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم گفت). د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه شيئ<br />
فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه "خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ج <strong>ا</strong>ز تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه" <strong>و</strong> "ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه"، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> همه <strong>ا</strong>ٓغ<strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ر</strong>هم گ<strong>و</strong>ئی م<strong>ا</strong>خی هست<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه قد<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>فی سخ<strong>ن</strong> گفته<strong>ا</strong>يم.<br />
تقليد ط<strong>و</strong>طی<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مزخ<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>فس<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ر</strong>تجع د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>، <strong>ر</strong>د<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٩٠٧ <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>شش د<strong>ر</strong> "تجديد <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>" <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ستیسيسم د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست فلسفه "<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم <strong>ا</strong>خي<strong>ر</strong>" م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی!<br />
١٩٠٨- چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
[<br />
-١<br />
-٢<br />
-٣<br />
۴- <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> حقيقت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د؟<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که م<strong>ن</strong> میفهمم، م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ن</strong>فی عي<strong>ن</strong>يت <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> مش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ط ه<strong>ر</strong> حقيقتی<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>، <strong>ن</strong>فی کليه حق<strong>ا</strong>يق <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>دی <strong>ا</strong>ز ه<strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د." ("<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم"، کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><br />
م<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز عي<strong>ن</strong>يت <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> مش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ط چيست؟ <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف د<strong>ر</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قطعه میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "حقيقت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ديت<br />
يک حقيقت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه مفه<strong>و</strong>م مطلق کلمه <strong>ا</strong>ست." <strong>و</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فقت میک<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> "حقيقت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><br />
د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک محد<strong>و</strong>ده عص<strong>ر</strong> معي<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سد.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>و</strong> مسئله <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> هم ق<strong>ا</strong>طی شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د:<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> چيزی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> محت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong>ه يک<br />
س<strong>و</strong>ژه <strong>ب</strong>ستگی <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، که <strong>ب</strong>ه يک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ستگی <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد؟<br />
–<br />
٣ صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت ٧<br />
(١٧<br />
-A<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم:<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک د<strong>ر</strong>هم ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
Das ist ein einziges Knäuel von lauter wirren Zeug S.115
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