Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
–<br />
:<br />
68<br />
..."<br />
"<strong>ر</strong>يچ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س يک تش<strong>ب</strong>يه فلسفی همس<strong>ا</strong>زت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>ملت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز تک<strong>ا</strong>مل د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح <strong>و</strong> جسم<br />
ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه ک<strong>ر</strong>د. ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> کل<strong>ا</strong>م د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست" (م<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جس<strong>ا</strong>م فيزيکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> مستقيم<strong>ا</strong>ً<br />
مش<strong>ا</strong>هده میک<strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>و</strong> تج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong> ديگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی ذه<strong>ن</strong> شخص ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>، ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه تفسي<strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>يم).<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حقيقت <strong>پ</strong>يچيده <strong>ا</strong>ست که تج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong> شخص ديگ<strong>ر</strong> که ف<strong>ر</strong>ض شده د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>خل شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د (<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژه شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د). <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه ز<strong>ا</strong>ئد <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong> حتی<br />
تض<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ی شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>زی سيستم<strong>ا</strong>تيک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>خت<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ر</strong>شتهه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ز حق<strong>ا</strong>يق ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز تک<strong>ا</strong>مل د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم فلسفی، ت<strong>و</strong>جه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تض<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><br />
میکش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>زی <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل ک<strong>ن</strong>يم..." "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> جسم خدمت می<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يد."<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف طعمه فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عتق<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>" عليه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم<br />
هدف گي<strong>ر</strong>ی شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زش د<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<br />
<strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست دقت ک<strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ک حمله عليه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم هد<strong>ا</strong>يت شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
مسئله <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مغز <strong>ا</strong>ست، که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> سيستم عص<strong>ب</strong>ی م<strong>ر</strong>کزی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ن</strong>فی<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د. يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>تد<strong>ا</strong>ئیت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حقيقت فيزي<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>فی میک<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>زد.<br />
د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong>د میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>يقی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ن</strong>فی شده <strong>ا</strong>ست (علي<strong>ر</strong>غم تم<strong>ا</strong>م خشم<br />
سي<strong>ا</strong>ستمد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س عليه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم)، زي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ت میش<strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه ث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د، محص<strong>و</strong>ل م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لی هست<strong>ن</strong>د. د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س ت<strong>ا</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong>د شده<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د عي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong>، م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه، جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی مستقل <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
"<strong>ر</strong>د" میک<strong>ن</strong>د؛ يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> (د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم م) <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>زی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ر</strong>د شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ن</strong>فی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
حقيقت که تص<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong>ی يک د<strong>ر</strong>خت ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>عی <strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>ب</strong>کيه، عص<strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>، <strong>و</strong> مغز <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س<br />
ل<strong>ا</strong>زم <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>فک<strong>ا</strong>ک <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>" تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه "ک<strong>ا</strong>مل" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>لکه د<strong>ر</strong>خت، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
محيط <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز ش<strong>ا</strong>مل میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد، حفظ ک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک چيز د<strong>ر</strong>هم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>هم <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ يک چيز مهمل <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د میک<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی غي<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عط<strong>ا</strong>ف معتقد <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مغز <strong>ا</strong>ست، که<br />
<strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی تص<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی، که د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، ت<strong>و</strong>سط عمل <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی حسی م<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>ليد شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>قض <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>ز مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی "د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
جسم" (يع<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی) <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد تشکيل میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که ذه<strong>ن</strong> مستقل <strong>ا</strong>ز جسم <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د<br />
<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، که ذه<strong>ن</strong> ث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست، ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مغز <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عک<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>ز جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ز مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی "د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> جسم" (يع<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی) <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد تشکيل میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که ذه<strong>ن</strong><br />
ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> جسم <strong>ن</strong>يست، که <strong>ن</strong>تيجت<strong>ا</strong>ً، ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لی <strong>ا</strong>ست، که "محيط" <strong>و</strong> "خ<strong>و</strong>د" ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د جد<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong>" <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. جد<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong> شي<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ء</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً متق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ز مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong><br />
"د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> جسم"، <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش س<strong>و</strong>می <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، مگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>لتق<strong>ا</strong>طگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد که مخل<strong>و</strong>طی<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ی مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مخل<strong>و</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>و</strong><br />
ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> "حقيقتی که <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میگذ<strong>ر</strong>د" <strong>ا</strong>ٓمد.