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فصل <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل 67<br />
:<br />
٣٨<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ص<strong>و</strong>فیگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم که د<strong>ر</strong> دف<strong>ا</strong>ع مشه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> "<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم س<strong>ا</strong>ده ل<strong>و</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه" ت<strong>و</strong>سط<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>د ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ث<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژ<strong>ن</strong>ف عمل میک<strong>ن</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>دت <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز همه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قصه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م ک<strong>ن</strong>.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س میک<strong>و</strong>شد <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong>د س<strong>ا</strong>زد که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم میستيزد: <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم فلسفی مل<strong>ا</strong>حظه میک<strong>ن</strong>يد<br />
معم<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ژکسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد، جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه ت<strong>ب</strong>ديل<br />
میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد، د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز "<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم س<strong>ا</strong>ده ل<strong>و</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه" دف<strong>ا</strong>ع میک<strong>ن</strong>م، <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت متع<strong>ا</strong>دل ه<strong>ر</strong> چيز<br />
ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه شده <strong>ا</strong>ست، (<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت م) "خ<strong>و</strong>د" <strong>و</strong> محيط ه<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>خل ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی د<strong>ر</strong><br />
مغز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>.<br />
[د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> دقيق<strong>ا</strong>ً هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> سفسطه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم که د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د هم<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>گی مشه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> مش<strong>ا</strong>هده<br />
ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم. د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> حمله <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ت<strong>و</strong>جه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> میس<strong>ا</strong>زد،<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س د<strong>ر</strong> حقيقت <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم دف<strong>ا</strong>ع میک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> چه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> کلم<strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>چيز: <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مغز<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يست ؛ مغز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشيد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست ؛ <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> سيستم عص<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓه، <strong>ن</strong>ه! <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong><br />
"ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong>"<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی، ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> يک <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>دی ديگ<strong>ر</strong> (گ<strong>ر</strong> چه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong><br />
"مش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه"<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د) فيزيکی هست<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی جديد <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>هم<strong>ا</strong>ش، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>صطل<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>ت جديد <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
شک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ش، که متص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ً<strong>ا</strong> "يک تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی" جديد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س طف<strong>ر</strong>ه می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
مقدمه چي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی خ<strong>و</strong>يش <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد.<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی، (<strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مث<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف) <strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "ص<strong>و</strong>فیگ<strong>ر</strong>ی" ت<strong>و</strong>جه<br />
ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> دف<strong>ا</strong>ع "ت<strong>ا</strong>زه" <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>پ</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د، د<strong>ر</strong> تحليل <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه ح<strong>ر</strong>فه<strong>ا</strong>ی، يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د متي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>هيت حقيقی <strong>ا</strong>فک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س، که <strong>و</strong>قتی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> شک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ش ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی گ<strong>ر</strong>دد، ع<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ج<strong>ا</strong>ی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>يم.<br />
[د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف (د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>م "فک<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه" د<strong>ر</strong> مجم<strong>و</strong>عه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ش<br />
"<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی ج<strong>ا</strong>معه""، صفحه ١١٩ ف.ف.) <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت:<br />
–<br />
" ز<strong>ا</strong><br />
B<br />
–<br />
[<br />
C<br />
–<br />
–<br />
١٩٠٣<br />
[<br />
A<br />
A- ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> سفسطه م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د هم<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>گی مشه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> مش<strong>ا</strong>هده ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم.<br />
Hier haben wir ganz dieselbe Sophistik, die wir an dem Beispiel der berüchtigten<br />
Koordination beobachtet haben. S.81 P.3<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل چيزی د<strong>ر</strong> يک مسي<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گشت<strong>ن</strong>.<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٩٠٣ <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت ("<strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشيد<strong>ن</strong>"، مق<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> سم<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زي<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی،<br />
-B<br />
-C<br />
صفحه ،١١٩ seq. (et<br />
Im Jahre 1903 schrieb Bogdanow (in seinem Aufsatz "Das autoritäre Denken" in dem<br />
Sammelband "aus der Psychologie der Geselschaft", S. 119 ff.)
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