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عص<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد)، ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هم <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د شک<strong>ا</strong>ف فلسفه<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
ک<strong>ن</strong>م!<br />
[د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>دي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عد <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>"مشکلی" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س، <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>يلی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> دست <strong>ب</strong>ه گ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> هيچ لغتی <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>هگذ<strong>ر</strong> همه چيز <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> يک ديگ <strong>ر</strong>يخت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> سف<strong>ر</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong>همی<br />
چيد که <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی هيچ گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ف<strong>ر</strong>قی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم" ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه گ<strong>ر</strong>ديده <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ن</strong>فی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ج <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
عملش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عض<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> حسی م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت د<strong>ا</strong>ده شده <strong>ا</strong>ست! حقيقت<strong>ا</strong>ً ي<strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>تد<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست، ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> حق<strong>ا</strong>يق <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>تد<strong>ا</strong>ئی فلسفه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
ع<strong>و</strong>ض ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>تي<strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>گي<strong>ر</strong>يم، فيلس<strong>و</strong>فی که ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف حظ میک<strong>ن</strong>د:<br />
ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> عي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست" (صفحه<br />
"<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ستگی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی م<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>يست. <strong>ا</strong>ٓه، <strong>ن</strong>ه! <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک "تحليل عميق" <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
"د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليستت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه، ص<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز شکل معم<strong>و</strong>لی تفسي<strong>ر</strong> (فقط تفسي<strong>ر</strong>!)<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستیش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، مقدم<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>له شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه ک<strong>و</strong>دک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی که می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ص<strong>و</strong>فيگ<strong>ر</strong>ی مسح<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د!<br />
"مفه<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ن</strong>قطه ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ع مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که ه<strong>ر</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>دی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> محيطی معي<strong>ن</strong><br />
میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ديگ<strong>ر</strong>، ه<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong> محيط <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ژهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>سته <strong>و</strong> جد<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
هم<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>گی ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه گشته<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه مع<strong>ر</strong>که <strong>ا</strong>ست! <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>تي<strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی دست م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>د شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "جد<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>ی" ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> عي<strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه "<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليستی" <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
"<strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد عکس د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ست، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی که هيچ ضد <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ژه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>يست که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> هيچ <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ژه<br />
م<strong>ر</strong>کزی مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ی يک ف<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد؟ ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ن</strong>ه... د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong>کیي<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ن</strong>گله<strong>ا</strong><br />
س<strong>ر</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د... معذ<strong>ا</strong>لک هيچ <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د." (صفحه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که جد<strong>ا</strong>ئی<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د جد<strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>و</strong>د! <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی" <strong>ن</strong>يست؟<br />
[<br />
A<br />
(!)<br />
(١۴٨<br />
B<br />
–<br />
(Korrelativität)<br />
(!)<br />
–<br />
(!)<br />
(١۴٨<br />
(١۴٨<br />
–<br />
–<br />
–١<br />
(١۴٨<br />
–٢<br />
–٣<br />
–۴<br />
-A<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز ميز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>دي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> میدهد. <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف<br />
حتی <strong>ب</strong>ه "مشکلی" که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س، <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>يلی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> دست <strong>ب</strong>ه گ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>د؛ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
عل<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ه، <strong>ا</strong>ز کل م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قيمه<strong>ا</strong>ی س<strong>ا</strong>خت، <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> شلقلمک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>ی گذ<strong>ا</strong>شت، که<br />
س<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>م چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> میش<strong>و</strong>د که هيچ تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>تی مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د!<br />
Danach kann man die Sachkenntnis bzw. die literarischen Methoden Basarows<br />
beurteilen, der die "Schwierigkeit", mit der sich Avenarius, Petzoldt und Willy<br />
herumschlagen haben, mit keinem Wort erwähnte und dabei alles derart in einem topf<br />
warf und dem Leser ein so unglaubliches Durcheinander auftischte, dass zwischen<br />
Materialismus und Solipsismus überhaupt kein Unterscheid übrigblieb! S.77 P3<br />
-B<br />
يکی <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی زمي<strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی
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