Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
فصل <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل 63<br />
A<br />
<strong>و</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز ظه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه جدل می<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>خت. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ست، ي<strong>ا</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>قل <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> شم<strong>ا</strong><br />
ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يستيد خط<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>يد، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>ا</strong>ه ک<strong>و</strong>شش شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه هم <strong>ر</strong>يخت<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> هم زد<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سیت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ق م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم د<strong>ر</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده، يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong>يستگی <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسته<strong>ا</strong>ئی که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل، مستقل <strong>ا</strong>ز ک<strong>و</strong>چکت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کلمه<strong>ا</strong>ی که ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>پ</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> ز<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده شده، ذيعل<strong>ا</strong>قه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، عقيده ل. ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی که مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم (ش<strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف؟)، يک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>يق <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی که مشه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم هگل <strong>ب</strong>ه فلسفه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓمد<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>قل میک<strong>ن</strong>يم. ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>سخ دف<strong>ا</strong>عی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>.<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت:<br />
هيم<br />
"ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت، که يک م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ی، ي<strong>ا</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>قل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم،<br />
يک شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست (م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عد<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه تفصيل <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حقيقت که م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> شيئ<br />
فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه میگي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، صح<strong>ب</strong>ت خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم گ<strong>ر</strong>د)، تج<strong>ر</strong>يدی<br />
<strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت <strong>ا</strong>ست، ليک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>ا</strong>ست که ز<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong> میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد. علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>قل<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لت ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<strong>ا</strong>ش ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ً م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه عق<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>قطه<strong>ا</strong>ی که ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يط <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز غ<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong>قتی که ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی زمي<strong>ن</strong> ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز يک م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع چشم <strong>و</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، <strong>و</strong>قتی که <strong>ن</strong>تيجت<strong>ا</strong>ً<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، هد<strong>ا</strong>يت<br />
ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت يک م<strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً غي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست متق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ً ج<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> دهد: <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>ن</strong>يز چيزيست که ت<strong>و</strong>سط شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشيده<br />
میش<strong>و</strong>د gedachte) ،(von der مطمئ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه <strong>ن</strong>میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی عم ًل<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت. د<strong>ر</strong>ست مثل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حقيقت که سق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>فل<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><br />
م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ديشم، <strong>ن</strong>تيجه <strong>ن</strong>میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که سق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>فل<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> عمل<strong>ا</strong>ً زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د<br />
<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong>د."<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ، م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت مقدم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
ظه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فت. سفسطه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س ("تص<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>") ت<strong>و</strong>سط ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ،<br />
که "<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم مت<strong>ا</strong>ٔخ<strong>ر</strong>" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت، <strong>و</strong>لی ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> سفسطهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی که<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت،<br />
<strong>ر</strong>د گ<strong>ر</strong>ديد. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً هيچ چيز ت<strong>ا</strong>زه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>لکه ص<strong>ر</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> سفسطه که<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يد: "<strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>دم (<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> زمي<strong>ن</strong>، مقدم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>) جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میديدم." ("مط<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>تی ’د<strong>ر</strong>‘ فلسفه م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم" صفحه <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ديگ<strong>ر</strong>: <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ن</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ضی <strong>ب</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>زم که <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>قض <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی <strong>ا</strong>ست (که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong><br />
(absolut unmenschliches Wesen)<br />
(٢٩<br />
[<br />
،(R. Haym)<br />
B<br />
ل-<br />
A- ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong>ه کسی ديگ<strong>ر</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس، ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ، د<strong>ر</strong> مسئله م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت<br />
مقدم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> می<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>خت.<br />
Sondern mit jemand anders, mit Marx, Engels, Feuerbach über die Frage des<br />
Materialismus und der Natur vor dem Auftreten des Menschen auseinandersetzen.<br />
S. 76<br />
. B<br />
ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ. مجم<strong>و</strong>عه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>، <strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>و</strong>تگ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ١٩٠٣، صفحه ۵١٠، ي<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ل گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>، ل. ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ