Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
فصل <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل 31<br />
١١<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ست يک مث<strong>ا</strong>ل تص<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>و</strong>دلی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>غتش<strong>ا</strong>ش م<strong>ا</strong>خ. د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>خش فصل <strong>ا</strong>ز ۶<br />
"تحليل <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>" میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم: "<strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> تص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>م د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س میک<strong>ن</strong>م، م<strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> شخص<br />
ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست مغز م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> کليه <strong>و</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ئل فيزيکی <strong>و</strong> شيمي<strong>ا</strong>ئی مش<strong>ا</strong>هده ک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ا</strong>طمي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
ي<strong>ا</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> چه <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سهه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د..." (صفحه ١٩٧)<br />
<strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ع<strong>ا</strong>لی! <strong>پ</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سهه<strong>ا</strong>ی معي<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د،<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم د<strong>ر</strong> کل، <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مغز <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>يژه؟ <strong>ب</strong>له، م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ح <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "ف<strong>ر</strong>ض" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> می<strong>ن</strong>هد <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً يک <strong>و</strong>ظيفه <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که (<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ض م) <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میشد! <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> دقيق<strong>ا</strong>ً همي<strong>ن</strong><br />
"ف<strong>ر</strong>ض" هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "هستهه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی متق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م د<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ب</strong>يه<strong>و</strong>ده <strong>و</strong><br />
ز<strong>ا</strong>ئد<strong>ن</strong>د؟ گفته میش<strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>جس<strong>ا</strong>م ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> هست<strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong>خ م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د مطمئ<strong>ن</strong><br />
میس<strong>ا</strong>زد که ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک محص<strong>و</strong>ل عمل <strong>ا</strong>جس<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عض<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>، مت<strong>ا</strong>فيزيک<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست، يک ف<strong>ر</strong>ض <strong>ب</strong>يه<strong>و</strong>ده <strong>و</strong> ز<strong>ا</strong>ئد <strong>ا</strong>ست. ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً م<strong>ن</strong>ط<strong>ب</strong>ق <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>فک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ مغز يک جسم <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه، مغز <strong>ب</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست. <strong>پ</strong>س چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که <strong>ب</strong>ه کمک<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>، م<strong>ن</strong> (<strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز چيزی <strong>ن</strong>يستم مگ<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>) ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> حس میک<strong>ن</strong>م. يک فلسفه د<strong>ر</strong>خش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>! <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>تد<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م میش<strong>و</strong>د "<strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>" ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عد <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> متف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل<br />
جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د"؛ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی "<strong>ا</strong>صل<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئه میش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی، که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>يشه<strong>ا</strong>ی معي<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
"<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>يشه<strong>ا</strong>" <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>دل م<strong>ا</strong>ده مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم" <strong>و</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د؟ <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>دل م<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت گي<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم خ<strong>ا</strong>ص، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ء</strong> عي<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی <strong>ن</strong>مید<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د؟<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong>قتی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يکی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جسته <strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، مخل<strong>و</strong>ط می<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يد، چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong>د س<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>د... د<strong>ر</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف م<strong>ا</strong>خ می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد: "هم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>ت سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل میش<strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong><br />
"م<strong>ا</strong>ده" (غي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک) حس میک<strong>ن</strong>د..." <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که شکی <strong>ن</strong>يست که م<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک حس میک<strong>ن</strong>د؟ <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س چيزی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لی <strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong>لکه يکی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ست؟ م<strong>ا</strong>خ تم<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>دیه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong>شت س<strong>ر</strong> میگذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د! <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> يقي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د: "مسئله <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه<strong>ء</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>فی ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم فيزيکی همه ج<strong>ا</strong> گست<strong>ر</strong>ده ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی،<br />
که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت معل<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>و</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong> چيز، غي<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک، <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>خته شده <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>يم..." <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زش م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که<br />
مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم فيزيکی همه ج<strong>ا</strong> گست<strong>ر</strong>ده ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت <strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت (م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک) خ<strong>ا</strong>صيت تع<strong>ر</strong>يف شده <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست،<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>س<strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم... م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>مه میدهد: "<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>ا</strong>ه، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ستی، <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يست <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ج<strong>ا</strong>ئی د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ختم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> متشکل <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>ا</strong>سته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، ي<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت (می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يست م) <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong>يش د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> حض<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد. <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل، سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>ستی <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ده چيزی<br />
–<br />
–<br />
"(originell)<br />
–<br />
-<br />
–
Change language