Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
292 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
ط<strong>ب</strong>قه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong>، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>که صلح ط<strong>ب</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد ج<strong>ا</strong>يگزي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه ط<strong>ب</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>تی گ<strong>ر</strong>دد. <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>صلی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ئت<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د.<br />
ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليست هفته <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>مه<strong>ا</strong>ی که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک حز<strong>ب</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong>ی ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>سه <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عد <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> حز<strong>ب</strong> س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليست ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>سه ت<strong>ب</strong>ديل شد.<br />
١٨٨۵<br />
– -٨٨<br />
١٩٠٢<br />
-٨٩ مثل ،۴۶ صفحه ٣۴٠<br />
-٩٠<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس "ل<strong>و</strong>د<strong>و</strong>يگ ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فلسفه کل<strong>ا</strong>سيک <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" (١٨٨٨) "د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی"<br />
(١٨٩٢) "تک<strong>ا</strong>مل س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ا</strong>ز تخيل <strong>ب</strong>ه علم" (م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس، م<strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گليسی، <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<br />
ز<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی، مسک<strong>و</strong>، ١٩۵١، جلد د<strong>و</strong>م صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت<br />
-۴۶ ٣٢۴ <strong>و</strong> - ٨٨ (١۵۶<br />
– ١٩٠٠<br />
–<br />
-٩١ مثل ،۴۶ صفحه ٣۴٢<br />
-٩٢ مثل ،۵٢ صفحه ٩٢<br />
-٩٣<br />
-٩٤<br />
ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>تس ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل فلسفی <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ١٨٩۵، م<strong>ب</strong>لغ س<strong>و</strong>لي<strong>پ</strong>يسم، يک<br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>م خيلی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تج<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ا</strong>ز ذه<strong>ن</strong>یگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم.<br />
چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک، يک مح<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ا</strong>ز ت<strong>و</strong>سعه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يس <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ر</strong>سيد.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی، س<strong>ا</strong>ل فلسفی<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>شح<strong>ا</strong>لی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> مسئله <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>ع<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی، ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong>يشهه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>صل <strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
ل<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يه غلط <strong>ن</strong>خست <strong>و</strong>زي<strong>ر</strong> تز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی، <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong>لي<strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه میک<strong>ن</strong>د که م<strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>ديت ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ظ<strong>ب</strong>ت<br />
مخص<strong>و</strong>ص <strong>ا</strong>متح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سل<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>شخ<strong>ا</strong>صی که م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د شک د<strong>و</strong>لت تز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>فی می<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>زد<strong>ر</strong>يف، يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زيگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شته گ<strong>و</strong>گل "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ح م<strong>ر</strong>دگ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>"، يک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>غگ<strong>و</strong>ی ح<strong>ر</strong>فه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
"تک <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه<strong>ا</strong>ی" ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل فلسفی <strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>ر</strong>يک<strong>ا</strong>ئی م<strong>ب</strong>لغ <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> شيک<strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
١٨٩٠<br />
١٩٠۴<br />
-٩٥<br />
-٩٦<br />
-٩٧<br />
-٩٨<br />
-٩٩<br />
–<br />
-١٠٠<br />
١٩٣۶ -<br />
–<br />
-١٠١<br />
ت<strong>ا</strong> ١٩٣١<br />
-١٠٢ مثل ،۴۶ صفحه ٣٣٩<br />
-١٠٣<br />
-١٠٤<br />
-١٠٥<br />
-١٠٦<br />
"<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong>شي<strong>و</strong> فلسفی" ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong>ئ<strong>و</strong>- ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تیه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی م<strong>ا</strong>خی، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong> چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>: يکی مخص<strong>و</strong>ص ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ فلسفه <strong>و</strong> ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ط <strong>ب</strong>ه مس<strong>ا</strong>ئل عم<strong>و</strong>می فلسفی<br />
١٨٩۵<br />
–<br />
-<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی، دخ<strong>ا</strong>لته<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ز يک س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ب</strong>ه حيطه تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت.<br />
<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong>ه ک<strong>ن</strong>يد <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ل م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس ف<strong>ر</strong>يد<strong>ر</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس، مجم<strong>و</strong>عه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>، جلد ٣٢، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> ١٩۶۵، صفحه ۵٧٩<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>يگ<strong>ن</strong> ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>س<strong>ر</strong> ژ<strong>و</strong>زف ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>و</strong>ٔخ<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شته شده ت<strong>و</strong>سط د<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>گ تحت ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>: "ژ<strong>و</strong>زف ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>قد <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف" <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong><br />
د<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>ز کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> ژ<strong>و</strong>زف ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> تحت <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ب</strong>ه دست <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> فلسفه (<strong>ا</strong>ٓکي<strong>و</strong>يزيت)<br />
-١٠٧ مثل ،۴۶ صفحه ٣٣٨<br />
-١٠٨ مثل ،٧٢ صفحه ٨۶<br />
–<br />
-١٠٩<br />
-١١٠<br />
-١١١<br />
-١١٢<br />
-١١٣<br />
(س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی) <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی، چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يس <strong>ا</strong>ز ١٨٩۴.<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> مت<strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong>دد<strong>ا</strong>شته<strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی، <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>مده <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong> مت<strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong>دد<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>يز هيچ<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>ضيحی <strong>ن</strong>يست.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک، يک مح<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ا</strong>ز ت<strong>و</strong>سعه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>و</strong>لی <strong>ا</strong>ز تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<br />
(مس<strong>ا</strong>ئلی <strong>ا</strong>ز فلسفه <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی) ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل يک <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی، ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔسيس ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ن</strong>. ی. گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ت که <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
س<strong>ا</strong>ل ت<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>تش<strong>ر</strong> میشد. د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>د "م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی" <strong>پ</strong>. <strong>ب</strong>. <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>و</strong>ه، س.<br />
١٩١٨<br />
١٨٨٩
Change language