Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
مکمل فصل چه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>م 285<br />
129 <br />
–<br />
۴<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز کد<strong>ا</strong>م ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>يه <strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>د؟<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> قسمت <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل فصل <strong>ب</strong>ه تفصيل <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ديم که م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>هی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> متض<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>هی <strong>ا</strong>ست که م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. ز<strong>ا</strong>ئد <strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>، <strong>و</strong> ل<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> مختص<strong>ر</strong>، ت<strong>و</strong>ضيحی <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>و</strong>ضع تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت هگلی <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گ <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>فه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم.<br />
کمی <strong>ب</strong>عد <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>ٓل<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>شت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>و</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت م<strong>ن</strong>تش<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د،<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يس<strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گ <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>س <strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> هم يک م<strong>ر</strong>يد ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ص<strong>ر</strong>يح خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> تم<strong>ا</strong>يل<strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong>ه سمت ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت. <strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز س<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک م<strong>ر</strong>يد ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> شده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><br />
(م<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> حک<strong>و</strong>مت تز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يست م) <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>زه <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>د حتی <strong>ا</strong>سم ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> هم ذک<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د. د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> مقدمه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ر</strong>ح چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> س<strong>و</strong>م "<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه زي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت خ<strong>و</strong>د"، <strong>ن</strong>. گ.<br />
چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی ک<strong>و</strong>شش ک<strong>ر</strong>د که مستقيم<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٨٨٨ س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> حتی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>زه <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ص<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ هم مم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عت ک<strong>ر</strong>د! <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مقدمه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong>د ديد. (چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> شد) (<strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی، "مجم<strong>و</strong>عه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>"، جلد <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم، قسمت د<strong>و</strong>م، صفحه<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>يد) د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مقدمه <strong>ن</strong>. گ. چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی <strong>ن</strong>صف صفحه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>و</strong><br />
د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong>عيت میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ختص<strong>ا</strong>ص د<strong>ا</strong>د.<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٨٨٨ <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئه د<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل میک<strong>ن</strong>يم:<br />
"د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی که خ<strong>و</strong>دش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong>ده تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی ش<strong>ا</strong>مل همه چيز تص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع<strong>ا</strong><br />
م<strong>ر</strong>يد، <strong>و</strong> معم<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ً م<strong>ر</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ی حقي<strong>ر</strong> متفک<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که سيستمه<strong>ا</strong>ی مت<strong>ا</strong>فيزيکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سعه د<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د،<br />
متفک<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ی که سيستمه<strong>ا</strong>یش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> جزئی ت<strong>و</strong>سط شلي<strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>و</strong> س<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>م ت<strong>و</strong>سط هگل <strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> شده<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ک<strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>کث<strong>ر</strong>يت د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی که تل<strong>ا</strong>ش میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
<strong>و</strong>سيعی <strong>ا</strong>ز ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> عمل ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی مت<strong>ا</strong>فيزيکی ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong><br />
مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د..." (<strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی که همه چيز <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>هم<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>گ<strong>و</strong>ئيم که چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ديف <strong>ب</strong>عد <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی خ<strong>و</strong>د<br />
ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه مت<strong>ا</strong>فيزيکی <strong>و</strong> دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيکی <strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه میگي<strong>ر</strong>د؛<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>يشفسکی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً هم سطح <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>ا</strong>ست چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ستیسيسم <strong>و</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>يخ میک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی "شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه" <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
١٩٠۶<br />
٩٠<br />
١٨٨٨<br />
–<br />
٩٧
Change language