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فصل ششم 281<br />
١٢٨<br />
A<br />
(سي<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>دی)ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>يلهلم ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>. <strong>ب</strong>ی ج<strong>ب</strong>هه <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> فلسفه چيزی <strong>ن</strong>يست جز خدمت<br />
گز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تس مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ، که <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد يک<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد <strong>ب</strong>لکه مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د چه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> يک م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ههکل مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم. زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
که "معم<strong>ا</strong>ی جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> شد، د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٨٩٩، مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ک<strong>ر</strong>د که "ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ههکل هم د<strong>ر</strong><br />
ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی کمت<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>و</strong> هم د<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جسته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی کمک <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><br />
شد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> مغش<strong>و</strong>شی که د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>هميت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ا</strong>ز يک ط<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم<br />
ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>ف ديگ<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> حز<strong>ب</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست." عي<strong>ب</strong> ههکل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> کمت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
مفه<strong>و</strong>می <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>کت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مهمل<strong>ا</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه سي<strong>ا</strong>ست،<br />
د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه "مذه<strong>ب</strong> <strong>و</strong>حدتگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> ذ<strong>ا</strong>لک میکش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. "ههکل يک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>و</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ا</strong>ست،<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ه يک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ب</strong>لکه يک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی – علمی <strong>ا</strong>ست." (هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>)<br />
"کسی که میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی (م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی علمی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی مس<strong>ا</strong>ئل <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی)<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ملم<strong>و</strong>س د<strong>ر</strong>ک ک<strong>ن</strong>د، کسی که میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد متق<strong>ا</strong>عد ش<strong>و</strong>د که م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی – علمی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی ت<strong>و</strong>سعه ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع<strong>ا</strong>ً میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد سل<strong>ا</strong>حی شکست <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه ک<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓز<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، <strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> ههکل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مقص<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د! ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ضعيف غي<strong>ر</strong> معم<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی جد<strong>ا</strong>ئی<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ق<strong>و</strong>ی غي<strong>ر</strong> معم<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>سته شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>صيف ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل د<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>ی (که <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
همه چيز گذشته قسمت <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> مهمت<strong>ر</strong> کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د) که ت<strong>و</strong>سط ههکل د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه تک<strong>ا</strong>مل<br />
عل<strong>و</strong>م ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> (<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>زدهم) ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ديگ<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زم<strong>ن</strong>د م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم<br />
ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی د<strong>ا</strong>ده شده <strong>ا</strong>ست."<br />
B<br />
–<br />
C<br />
– علمی<br />
١٢٨<br />
.<br />
-A<br />
B<br />
<strong>پ</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم کمت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>د م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم د<strong>ر</strong>گي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> زد<strong>ن</strong> يک ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>کسي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>لش<strong>و</strong>يکی. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>و</strong>دج<strong>و</strong>ئی حقي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> مفل<strong>و</strong>ک <strong>ا</strong>ز تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong>ی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong> سز<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>و</strong><br />
کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> که ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>و</strong>يکه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>خی <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شته شده، ت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>يه شده <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
ف- مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ<br />
Welträtsel" "Die (معم<strong>ا</strong>ی جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>) Zeit" ،" Neue ١٩٠٠ – ،١٨٩٩ صفحه ۴١٨<br />
-C<br />
هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>، صفحه ۴١٩
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