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278 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
A<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> هم تص<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز گفتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی ههکل د<strong>ر</strong> يک مث<strong>ا</strong>ل. ههکل د<strong>ر</strong> "شگفتیه<strong>ا</strong>ی حي<strong>ا</strong>ت" تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>و</strong>حدتگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت د<strong>و</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>هگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه میک<strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم:<br />
تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>و</strong>حدتگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت يک <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه فيزي<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژيکی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست که عض<strong>و</strong> تش<strong>ر</strong>يحی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مغز <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> قسمت مغز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که مع<strong>ر</strong>فت د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د می<strong>ا</strong>ٓيد، يک ح<strong>و</strong>زه <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><br />
مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی محد<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> غش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گ مغز، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ُ<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong><br />
يک م<strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ن</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ُ<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong><br />
دي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ميک ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>جز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>دی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
ميلي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> سل<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حی<br />
تشکيل میش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. د<strong>ر</strong>ست مثل ه<strong>ر</strong> عض<strong>و</strong><br />
ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د عض<strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حی <strong>ن</strong>يز عمل<br />
ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> يع<strong>ن</strong>ی "<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح" مجم<strong>و</strong>ع عمل<br />
ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>ی سل<strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تشکيل ده<strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت د<strong>و</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>هگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ئی يک <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه فيزي<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژيک<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong>لکه يک <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حی <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> قسمت <strong>ا</strong>ز مغز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><br />
می<strong>ر</strong>سد <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> عض<strong>و</strong> مع<strong>ر</strong>فت ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> يک <strong>و</strong>سيله <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>زه<br />
میدهد <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> عض<strong>و</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ُ<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong><br />
خ<strong>ر</strong>د مستقل <strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>يق <strong>ا</strong>جز<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
<strong>و</strong><br />
تشکيل ده<strong>ن</strong>ده خ<strong>و</strong>د<br />
سل<strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ئی که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تشکيل میده<strong>ن</strong>د، ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح غي<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong><br />
جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی خدمت میک<strong>ن</strong>د. خ<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح حي<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت ع<strong>ا</strong>لی <strong>و</strong> غ<strong>ر</strong>يزه<br />
حي<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>پ</strong>ست ف<strong>ر</strong>ق د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د.<br />
(phronetal)<br />
(Phronema)<br />
(Seelenzellen)<br />
(Phronema)<br />
(Phronema)<br />
-<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ز ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میدهد که ههکل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی يک تحليل <strong>ا</strong>ز مس<strong>ا</strong>ئل فلسفی<br />
ک<strong>و</strong>شش <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی<br />
ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> دهد. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> کليه <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ج<strong>ا</strong>معت<strong>ر</strong>، کليه <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong>ص فلسفی<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>يشخ<strong>ن</strong>د میگي<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که حتی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>زه دهد که تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>جز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی علمی ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه يک<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>يشخ<strong>ن</strong>د میگي<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که خ<strong>و</strong>د تشخيص دهد که ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ش يک ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ا</strong>ست!<br />
خشم <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسمِ ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>ا</strong>سته ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل د<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>ا</strong>ست. م<strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>و</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong><br />
عقيده "<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>س حقيقی" ل<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>تي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قل ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> هم عقيده <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong>دلف <strong>و</strong>يلی مت<strong>ر</strong>قیت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
"<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong>" که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی س<strong>ا</strong>زش <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم دشم<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. (<strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>ن</strong>ديد!)<br />
"<strong>و</strong>حدتگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ههکل يک مخل<strong>و</strong>ط <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>همگ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست: ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی علمی معي<strong>ن</strong>ی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
-<br />
–<br />
–<br />
-A<br />
م<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>سه ،Les merveills de la vie <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يس، شليج<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>م. جد<strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
i <strong>و</strong> xvi
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