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272 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
B<br />
A<br />
ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئیه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" "<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>د مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه صح<strong>ب</strong>ت ک<strong>ن</strong>د؟ <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فک<strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی همه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong>ستی د<strong>ر</strong> کل ج<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه مذه<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه هيچ <strong>و</strong>جه ش<strong>ب</strong>يه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس، ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> حتی ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ن</strong>يست، <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ضد <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت<br />
د<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم "<strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> تض<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>يست"<br />
ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م م<strong>ا</strong>خ که "عقيده<br />
مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی يک م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع شخصی <strong>ا</strong>ست" (ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی، صفحه ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ع میش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ص<strong>ر</strong>يح، <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تج<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ا</strong>عظم ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>لي<strong>و</strong>س که م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میست<strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ هم <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میست<strong>ا</strong>يد، ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>س <strong>و</strong> کليه ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ختم میش<strong>و</strong>د. خ<strong>ن</strong>ثی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
مسئله خ<strong>و</strong>د ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>يگی د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> مقدم<strong>ا</strong>ت ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ختی<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ن</strong>ثی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
همي<strong>ن</strong> که شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ده ش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>فی میک<strong>ن</strong>يد، کليه سل<strong>ا</strong>حه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د عليه <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز دست د<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يد، چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ستیسيسم ذه<strong>ن</strong>یگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی غلطيده<strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
تم<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چيزيست که <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد. <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>کی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>قت د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی ه<strong>ر</strong> "<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت" ي<strong>ا</strong> "ش<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت" ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>سته شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. (<strong>ب</strong>ه ي<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يد که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف<br />
"<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم" ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ل ک<strong>ر</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د خد<strong>ا</strong> يک ’مفه<strong>و</strong>م <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی‘ <strong>ا</strong>ست) <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ده د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ا</strong>ست، م<strong>ا</strong>ده میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> تجلیه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>خهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>يت <strong>پ</strong>يچيده <strong>و</strong> جزئی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت، ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ده، مط<strong>ا</strong>لعه ش<strong>و</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ، د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong><br />
جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "فيزيکی" <strong>و</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی که ه<strong>ر</strong> کسی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست هيچ چيزی <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد. <strong>و</strong> خص<strong>و</strong>مت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سز<strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong> می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> کش<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی متمد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> دم<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>تيک<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong> يک <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل ع<strong>ا</strong>ديست. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> همه ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>مه د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> همه ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>ز عم<strong>و</strong>م <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>گهد<strong>ا</strong>شته میش<strong>و</strong>د که حتی يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>شش <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه س<strong>ا</strong>دگی حمل<strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ا</strong>خ، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س، <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> عليه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم شده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی که ت<strong>و</strong>سط ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ،<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>و</strong> ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>فع م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت گ<strong>ر</strong>فته مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "<strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>گهد<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong>" تم<strong>ا</strong>يل م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی س<strong>و</strong>دی <strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد د<strong>ا</strong>شت.<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. هيچ کس <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>تجع <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز گ<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی که <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه شي<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>، ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>، ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت س<strong>و</strong>لد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>، لکل<strong>ر</strong>، <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>گم<strong>ا</strong>تيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
غي<strong>ر</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> گذ<strong>ا</strong>شته شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ت دهد. <strong>ن</strong>ف<strong>و</strong>ذ <strong>ا</strong>شخ<strong>ا</strong>ص مذک<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د،<br />
Einführung in )<br />
(Schande)<br />
]، <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
،die Philosophie der reinen Erfahrung جلد يک، صفحه (٣۵١<br />
(۴٣۴<br />
١٢٦ ١٢٥<br />
-A<br />
-B<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: "خد<strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>زی <strong>ا</strong>ز ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئیه<strong>ا</strong>ی ع<strong>ا</strong>لیت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>"<br />
"Vergottung der höchsten menschlichen Potenzen",... S. 348<br />
125<br />
Zagranitschnaja Gazeta<br />
126<br />
،٣ صفحه (۵ Obrazovanija ، ،١٩٠٨ شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<br />
همي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف <strong>ا</strong>ز "س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم علمی<br />
مط<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>تی صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت ١۵٧ <strong>و</strong> ١٧٩، د<strong>ر</strong><br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>هميت مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> "صح<strong>ب</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>د (شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><br />
١٠، صفحه ١۶۴ <strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "مدته<strong>ا</strong>ست که يک مذه<strong>ب</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong>زه د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>خته میش<strong>و</strong>د."
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