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270 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
–<br />
(۵٣<br />
(geschraubte)<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ستحم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د (صفحه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست عقيده<br />
<strong>و</strong>سيله "<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم" <strong>پ</strong>يچيده<br />
ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فلسفه. "د<strong>ر</strong>ست هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که <strong>ن</strong>قطه متض<strong>ا</strong>د خد<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> شيط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست،<br />
هم قط<strong>ب</strong> متض<strong>ا</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست<br />
هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> کشيش <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<br />
د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د." تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی "يک سل<strong>ا</strong>ح جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> شم<strong>و</strong>ل عليه <strong>ا</strong>عتق<strong>ا</strong>د مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست." (صفحه<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> عليه مذه<strong>ب</strong> "<strong>ر</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>"، "ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> معم<strong>و</strong>لی کشيش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>لکه هم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> عليه تصفيه<br />
شدهت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> ع<strong>ا</strong>لیت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مذه<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی مغش<strong>و</strong>ش<br />
ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د "صد<strong>ا</strong>قت مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه "د<strong>و</strong> دلی" <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓز<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديش ت<strong>ر</strong>جيح دهد.<br />
(صفحه چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> "<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>قل سيستمی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د."، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شخ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>سي<strong>پ</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>يم، <strong>ا</strong>شخ<strong>ا</strong>صی که تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>تيک جد<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>تيد "فلسفه يک علم<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>و</strong>سيله<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی دف<strong>ا</strong>ع د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ل دم<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی..." (صفحه<br />
کس<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يکه خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف، <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د، د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ش ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شگ<strong>ا</strong>ه میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د علي<strong>ر</strong>غم <strong>ا</strong>ٓز<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشی <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>،<br />
کم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>يش د<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی غ<strong>ر</strong>ق شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ل دم<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی يک... <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ه<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>حد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تشکيل میده<strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه ح<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> طی ک<strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ا</strong>ظ <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>شم<strong>ر</strong>ده مذه<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> فلسفی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>يم، ل<strong>ا</strong>زم <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>ستت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
فلسفه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> مط<strong>ا</strong>لعه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم." (صفحه ١٠٣)<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>ست<br />
ح<strong>ا</strong>ل م<strong>ا</strong>خ، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>و</strong> مکت<strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>حز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> فلسفه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی ک<strong>ن</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong>ٓه. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong>قطه متض<strong>ا</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ی ج<strong>ب</strong>هه <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong><br />
يک چيز <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>... م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ن</strong>خ ق<strong>ر</strong>مزی که <strong>ا</strong>ز کليه <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی کليه م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong> میگذ<strong>ر</strong>د،<br />
<strong>ا</strong>دع<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>حمق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>يست که خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "م<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>و</strong>ق" م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میدهد، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>تی تز<br />
"مت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ک" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong>شت س<strong>ر</strong> گذ<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع کل ص<strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>قط<strong>ا</strong>ع د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم س<strong>ر</strong><br />
میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه<strong>ا</strong>ی يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>پ</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> عليه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم هد<strong>ا</strong>يت میک<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت زي<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه کسی ج<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س چيزی <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د مگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>خت<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>دم<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه، مگ<strong>ر</strong><br />
ک<strong>و</strong>ششی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> يک ف<strong>ر</strong>قه فلسفی "<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د"؛ <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع، د<strong>ر</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يط عم<strong>و</strong>می<br />
م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه <strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يشه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>معه مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ن</strong>قش عي<strong>ن</strong>ی<strong>ا</strong>ی که ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong>ی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زی ميش<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د يکی <strong>ا</strong>ست. يع<strong>ن</strong>ی ص<strong>ا</strong>ف ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>و</strong> م<strong>و</strong>ٔم<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خدمت ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>. د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تص<strong>ا</strong>دفی <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد که مکت<strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
ک<strong>و</strong>چک <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گليسی مثل <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی که م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> حمله<strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم میست<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
تحسي<strong>ن</strong> میش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د! ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> "ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>غ<strong>ا</strong>لتحصيل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> جي<strong>ر</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی" د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د م<strong>ا</strong>خ،<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>و</strong> کل مکت<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> دقيق<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه هدف <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مصي<strong>ب</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ب</strong>ه عهده گ<strong>ر</strong>فت<strong>ن</strong>د م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "س<strong>ا</strong>زش<br />
ده<strong>ن</strong>د"، که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>تجع فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>عتم<strong>ا</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی عملی که د<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ی متعدد <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>سعه <strong>و</strong> تکميل م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته شد<strong>ن</strong>د خيلی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، س<strong>پ</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ل میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل<br />
".(benebelter) (صفحه (۵٨<br />
١٠٧) "تم<strong>ا</strong>م<br />
(Kathederpfaffen)<br />
(١٠٨<br />
(Welch)<br />
(der Holzweg der Holzweg)<br />
non-partisanship<br />
(۶٠<br />
(۵۵
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