Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
فصل ششم 267<br />
٢٠<br />
١٢٠<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>مه م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>کت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ب</strong>ه ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قل میک<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ل گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی مجله<br />
عليه شلي<strong>ن</strong>گ دع<strong>و</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> شلي<strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>دع<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د که<br />
کليه فلسفهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong>يشي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>فته <strong>ا</strong>ست، يک <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>و</strong>ی کم م<strong>ا</strong>يه <strong>ا</strong>ست." <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><br />
(شلي<strong>ن</strong>گ) <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>في<strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>تح<strong>ا</strong>د فلسفه <strong>و</strong> خد<strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی هستم؛ <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>تح<strong>ا</strong>د جسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده هستم؛ <strong>ب</strong>ه شکگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>و</strong>ی<br />
میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> دگم<strong>ا</strong>تيسم هستم." م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>کته <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که "شکگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>"، ح<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><br />
هي<strong>و</strong>می خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د ي<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی (ي<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يستم م<strong>ا</strong>خی) عليه "دگم<strong>ا</strong>تيسم" م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم<br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تشخيص د<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د؛ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>زه دهد که ت<strong>و</strong>سط يکی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز هز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> سيستم فلسفی ک<strong>و</strong>چک مفل<strong>و</strong>ک م<strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong>ف گ<strong>ر</strong>دد، ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>يق ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ ج<strong>ا</strong>ده مستقيم<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ست طی ک<strong>ن</strong>د. سی س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>عد، م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ی گفت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong><br />
د<strong>و</strong>م جلد <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل "س<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يه" د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ب</strong>ه هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ح <strong>و</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>طعيت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم<br />
هگل، <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> تک<strong>ا</strong>مل ي<strong>ا</strong>فتهت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسمه<strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د؛ <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی تحقي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز<br />
"<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم" ک<strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گذ<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه مع<strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> لق<strong>ب</strong> مقلد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مفل<strong>و</strong>ک د<strong>ا</strong>د که خي<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
میک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د هگل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ب</strong>ه تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز هگل، ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<br />
<strong>و</strong> هي<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>گشته <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>مه ژ<strong>و</strong>ئ<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>و</strong>گلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تحقي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
"<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>خ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>، ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ، د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ، فش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه" <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه میک<strong>ن</strong>د چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> چيزی <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک هگل <strong>ن</strong>میفهميد<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت میک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> گفتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفی متعدد<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس د<strong>ر</strong> "س<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يه" <strong>و</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>گي<strong>ر</strong>يد يک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گيزه <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی ث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ت (غي<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل<br />
تغيي<strong>ر</strong>) خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيد ي<strong>ا</strong>فت، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ستهز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> تحقي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>م، <strong>ا</strong>غتش<strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
سمت <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم. کليه گفتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong> حد متض<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی میچ<strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><br />
فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>دم<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه عي<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "محد<strong>و</strong>ديت" <strong>و</strong> "يک <strong>ب</strong>عدی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ن</strong>قشهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>متج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓشتی د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم خدمت <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گ م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست که د<strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>و</strong>ل يک ج<strong>ا</strong>ده فلسفی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً تع<strong>ر</strong>يف شده <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong>فت.<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فقت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> همک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>زديک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>، د<strong>ر</strong> کليه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> فلسفی خ<strong>و</strong>د مختص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ح خط<strong>و</strong>ط م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>و</strong> فلسفی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> کليه مس<strong>ا</strong>ئل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل هم ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میدهد،<br />
<strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی "گذشت<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ب</strong>عدی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>" م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم، <strong>ا</strong>دع<strong>ا</strong>ی يک گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم" "<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليسم" ي<strong>ا</strong><br />
Deutsch – Französiche<br />
" کي<br />
،<br />
١٢٣ ١٢٢<br />
١٢١<br />
١٨۴٣<br />
١٨٧٠<br />
B<br />
A<br />
٢٧<br />
(Fechner)<br />
١٢٤<br />
١٨٩٢<br />
١٨٨٨<br />
(Karl Grün)<br />
١٨٧٨<br />
Jahrbücher<br />
A- Karl Marx, Ludwig Feuerbach in seinem Briefwechsel und Nachlass, sowie in<br />
seiner philosophischen Charakterentwicklung, Bd. 1, Leipzig 1874, S. 361<br />
١٨٧٠ ١٣<br />
(Beesly)<br />
-B<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>يسلی <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يست د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>مه دس<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> صح<strong>ب</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>د:<br />
"<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>فس<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يسلی يک ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مقيد <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ب</strong>ه کليه ه<strong>و</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong> فک<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> عقيده<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
که د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٨٩٢ ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يستی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ه<strong>ا</strong>کسلی <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> شده ، مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه ک<strong>ن</strong>يد.<br />
١٢٣<br />
١٢٢
Change language