Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
فصل ششم 261<br />
-<br />
<strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی" <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف، جفت ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<br />
<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زی<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
د<strong>ر</strong>ست هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت، م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سعه <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>لکه<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خط<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی که<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> يک چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژيک م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>لغه <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د ("ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong>"،<br />
"هم<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>گی <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی"، "تد<strong>ا</strong>خل" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه)، هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>معه ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی، حتی <strong>و</strong>قتی يک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>دت<br />
خ<strong>ا</strong>لص<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong>شت، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>و</strong><br />
لف<strong>ا</strong>ظیه<strong>ا</strong>ی زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه تهی <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>لغه <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی م<strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong>ف شد.<br />
يک خص<strong>و</strong>صيت ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی (ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong> عقيده م<strong>ا</strong>خی د<strong>ر</strong> مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ب</strong>خش <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ل دم<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong>) چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ "<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ن</strong> يک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> يک <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست"<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د؛ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong> حدی د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>خ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>، <strong>و</strong>گت، م<strong>و</strong>لسش<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ ص<strong>ا</strong>دق <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت<br />
<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی که کليه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ خ<strong>ا</strong>م دسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ک<strong>و</strong>چک <strong>و</strong> مفل<strong>و</strong>کی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ر</strong>شد ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه عليه خ<strong>ا</strong>م دست<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>خته شد<strong>ن</strong>د،<br />
ط<strong>ب</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>ً ت<strong>و</strong>جه <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ختم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم فلسفی معط<strong>و</strong>ف د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong>د يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong>ه مفه<strong>و</strong>م م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ. <strong>ب</strong>ه همي<strong>ن</strong> دليل <strong>ا</strong>ست که م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک گذ<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی. م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>و</strong>ی<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست شد<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> يک د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً متف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ن</strong>زديک شد<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong>قتی که فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>زی <strong>ب</strong>ه خص<strong>و</strong>ص د<strong>ر</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت تخصص میي<strong>ا</strong>فت<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> جذ<strong>ب</strong> يک شکل يک <strong>ب</strong>عدی <strong>و</strong><br />
تح<strong>ر</strong>يف شده <strong>ب</strong>عضی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>جز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> تشکيل ده<strong>ن</strong>ده دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک (<strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مث<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>یگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی) ت<strong>و</strong>جه خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
عمدت<strong>ا</strong>ً معط<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه يک دف<strong>ا</strong>ع ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>حي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> میک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه ه<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم د<strong>ر</strong> کل <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>يژه م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فت<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>شش م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم خ<strong>و</strong>د<br />
زي<strong>ر</strong> يک ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی <strong>ب</strong>ه ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> علمی خيلی <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تح<strong>ر</strong>يف زي<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی س<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
د<strong>ا</strong>شته<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>جه کمی <strong>ب</strong>ه فلسفه ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>فهميد<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه تع<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز ُ<strong>ب</strong>عد ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>زديک شد<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> جذ<strong>ب</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> گ<strong>ا</strong>هی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> جذ<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی ع<strong>ا</strong>دت <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>زی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> يع<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم فلسفی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>ک ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<br />
که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>خ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گه<strong>ا</strong>ی زي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> شده <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سد. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم مغش<strong>و</strong>ش خل<strong>ا</strong>ص<br />
ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د! د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ز "<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>" م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د گ<strong>ر</strong> چه <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ب</strong>تذل <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ف<strong>ا</strong>سد شده <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong>ز "<strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د که د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
شده <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی زي<strong>ن</strong>ت ي<strong>ا</strong>فته <strong>ا</strong>ست. "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>ً متشکل"،"<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه جمعی ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>" <strong>و</strong><br />
غي<strong>ر</strong>ه کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی هست<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> کلمه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، که يک فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که<br />
–
Change language