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فصل ششم 259<br />
شع<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> محت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی عي<strong>ن</strong>ی مفه<strong>و</strong>م <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong>ست... ح<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<br />
<strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه دست <strong>ا</strong>ٓمده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دیه<strong>ا</strong>ی زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی که ق<strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />
ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح د<strong>ا</strong>ده شد ("<strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>فز<strong>ا</strong>يشی د<strong>ر</strong> مجم<strong>و</strong>ع حي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ست."، صفحه<br />
مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم، <strong>ب</strong>ه س<strong>ا</strong>دگی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> متق<strong>ا</strong>عد خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم ک<strong>ر</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>و</strong>می مط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong><br />
میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ج ش<strong>و</strong>د... <strong>و</strong> چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> حي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ب</strong>ه حي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>لغ<br />
میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز محت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست: <strong>ا</strong>فز<strong>ا</strong>يش د<strong>ر</strong> کم<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>و</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ختی حي<strong>ا</strong>ت:<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>فه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم حي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی ه<strong>ر</strong>گز محت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست د<strong>ا</strong>شته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد." (صفحه ١۶)<br />
"م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>فته<strong>ا</strong>يم... که <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم م<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زی ح<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت کمت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست، که <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم يک <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓل <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عک<strong>ا</strong>س تم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی<br />
<strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ا</strong>ست." (صفحه ٣٢)<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>زی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست که گفته ش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>و</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>معه ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی حتی ذ<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓدم میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> ميخ<strong>ا</strong>ئيلفسکی هم ه<strong>ر</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد تع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يفی<br />
<strong>پ</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د که ذ<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>دت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د، که چيزی جز "<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>" م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> يک<br />
فقد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ر</strong>ک "<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم چيست" <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم چيست <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ده<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> "<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم"، مق<strong>ا</strong>له "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی (م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش)"، <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>د<br />
"ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>لتق<strong>ا</strong>طی ج<strong>ا</strong>معه ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ء</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ، ف<strong>ر</strong>ی، <strong>و</strong>لتم<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ديگ<strong>ر</strong>" ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ع میک<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
(صفحه ١)، <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> صفحه <strong>ن</strong>تيجه گي<strong>ر</strong>ی زي<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز "تحقيق" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>يم: "میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت زي<strong>ر</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دی ک<strong>ن</strong>يم:<br />
"ه<strong>ر</strong> عمل <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی م<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ا</strong>فز<strong>ا</strong>يش ي<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>هش <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل م<strong>ا</strong> ’<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> مث<strong>ب</strong>ت‘ د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم. د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د د<strong>و</strong>م ’<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>فی‘." (ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف)<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشغ<strong>ا</strong>ل ز<strong>ا</strong>ئد<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>صف <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه میش<strong>و</strong>د! <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓدم میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د چيزی<br />
عقيمت<strong>ر</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>ی حي<strong>ا</strong>تت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> مکت<strong>ب</strong>یت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>فته<strong>ء</strong> کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>پ</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د که<br />
هيچ خدمتی، <strong>و</strong> هيچ خدمتی د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>و</strong>زه عل<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong>د؟ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> ذ<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی تحقيق مشخص،<br />
ذ<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی، <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيکی <strong>و</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> يک<br />
<strong>ا</strong>خت<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع ص<strong>ر</strong>ف تع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يف <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ج<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی ح<strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. "<strong>ر</strong>شد س<strong>ر</strong>يع <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>ليدی ج<strong>ا</strong>معه س<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يهد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> شک <strong>ا</strong>فز<strong>ا</strong>يشی د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی کل ج<strong>ا</strong>معه <strong>ا</strong>ست..." <strong>ن</strong>يمه د<strong>و</strong>م ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> شک يک تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ن</strong>يمه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ست که د<strong>ر</strong><br />
کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ی مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> شده ت<strong>ا</strong> ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه مسئله "عمق" <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong>خشد. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ب</strong>ه هيچ <strong>و</strong>جه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ی ج<strong>ا</strong>معه زيست ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> متف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong>يست! "<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ خصيصه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>هم<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>گ<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>شد <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه يک <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>تل<strong>ا</strong>ف ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>ليدی می<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>مد: <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> مث<strong>ب</strong>ت<br />
ج<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>فی میدهد." (صفحه ١٨)<br />
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