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فصل ششم 253<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه شش: تمسخ<strong>ر</strong> حقيقت "عي<strong>ن</strong>ی". <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی يک م<strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong>ه حس ک<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong>ستی حس<br />
ک<strong>ر</strong>د که م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>و</strong> کل <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه <strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>دی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ا</strong>ز يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی حقيقت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی تم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه دقت <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong>قتی که دقيق<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده حقيقت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی، "<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓغ<strong>ا</strong>ز" م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه يک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>شت <strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>و</strong>زش<br />
م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيستی مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً چيزی <strong>ن</strong>يست مگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت "ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی" م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس، <strong>ر</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>د.<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د (چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که مطمئ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>د شد) م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم گفت:<br />
شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> يک چه<strong>ر</strong>ه کج <strong>و</strong> مع<strong>و</strong>ج س<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong>ش ک<strong>ن</strong>يد. <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>يست که <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
دقت تم<strong>ا</strong>يل<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>عکس میس<strong>ا</strong>زد، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> شد<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> حس<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> تل<strong>ا</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>لتق<strong>ا</strong>طی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> شخص <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل يک م<strong>ر</strong>يد ص<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ست، شخص <strong>ا</strong>خي<strong>ر</strong><br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جسته<strong>ا</strong>ی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> لس<strong>و</strong>يچ، يک <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
مسئله م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت مط<strong>ر</strong>ح میک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت که خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی يک م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس<br />
ص<strong>ر</strong>ف ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس ص<strong>ر</strong>ف ک<strong>و</strong>چک <strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم د<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>معه ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه شکلی مث<strong>ب</strong>ت ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه میک<strong>ن</strong>د که م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong> میس<strong>ا</strong>زد <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم مق<strong>ا</strong>يسه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم.<br />
ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> جلد د<strong>و</strong>م کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>"مقدمه<strong>ا</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> فلسفه تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>لص" <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت، د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی تيت<strong>ر</strong> "<strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
س<strong>و</strong>ی ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت" <strong>ا</strong>ست. م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف، تم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی مش<strong>ا</strong>هده خ<strong>و</strong>د ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میدهد. "خصيصهه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ج<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط ک<strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
عمده ح<strong>ا</strong>لت <strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ئی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>تي<strong>ب</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>خل<strong>ا</strong>ق، زي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی می<strong>ر</strong>سيم." (صفحه<br />
ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی هدف خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، هم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه سمت يک ح<strong>ا</strong>لت ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<br />
متم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ا</strong>ست." (صفحه <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>، ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مث<strong>ا</strong>ل، چه قد<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ديک<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>سيد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه که<strong>و</strong>لت، "ع<strong>ا</strong>قلت<strong>ر</strong>" <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>مت<strong>ر</strong>، <strong>ن</strong>شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د؟ د<strong>ر</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
م<strong>و</strong>قع" (صفحه يک عل<strong>ا</strong>مت س<strong>ر</strong>سخت <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ر</strong>سخت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "<strong>ا</strong>کث<strong>ر</strong>يت يک<br />
<strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>چه" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تشکيل <strong>ن</strong>میده<strong>ن</strong>د؟" (صفحه ۶٢)<br />
<strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>ی فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف م<strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>فِ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جسته ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه میک<strong>ن</strong>د چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست: " خصيصه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>صلی کليه <strong>ا</strong>هد<strong>ا</strong>ف تفک<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> عمل م<strong>ا</strong> ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ست." (صفحه ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>، چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست: "خيلیه<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د يک کليد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی ميزی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته تحمل ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، يک عکس <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که کج<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی دي<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته کمت<strong>ر</strong> تحمل میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شخ<strong>ا</strong>ص ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>و</strong>س<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د... ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
چيز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> حس میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د يک چيزی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظم خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>يست." (صفحه ٧٢، ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
<strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت) <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ديگ<strong>ر</strong> "تم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت ک<strong>و</strong>ششی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی يک ح<strong>ا</strong>لت مطلق <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>هيت<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ئی." (صفحه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> همه <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>خش <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم جلد د<strong>و</strong>م تحت ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "تم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
(iii "تک<strong>ا</strong>مل<br />
(vollkommene)<br />
A<br />
–<br />
(٧٢<br />
–<br />
(Philister)<br />
A- "Einführung in die Philosophie der reinen Erfahrung"<br />
B - "Auf dem Wege zum Dauernden"<br />
(endgültige)<br />
(۶٠<br />
(٧٣<br />
(۶٢<br />
B
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