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فصل <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم 243<br />
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<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>، فيزيک <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد... <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>پ</strong>يچيدگی <strong>و</strong> گم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> يک <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت<br />
ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. (<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>س م) خيلی س<strong>ا</strong>ختگی، خيلی د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع، خيلی خشک<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست؛ <strong>ا</strong>ٓزم<strong>ا</strong>يش ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>طمي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong>دی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که تم<strong>ا</strong>س د<strong>ا</strong>ئم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت فيزيک<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> میدهد حسی <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط کليه فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>جه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د ي<strong>ا</strong><br />
کس<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که م<strong>ن</strong>حص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د گفته شده <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>می <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> زي<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> چيزيست که<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط تم<strong>ا</strong>می مکت<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong> مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يستی گفته شده <strong>ا</strong>ست... <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> فيزيک <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه غل<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حيه<br />
<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی د<strong>ر</strong> قلم<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> فيزيک <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong>فت فيزيک <strong>ا</strong>ز يک جهت <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضي<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ز جهت<br />
ديگ<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>زدهم <strong>ب</strong>ه ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong>زديک <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong> علم <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ميد... فيزيک تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک فيزيک <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی<br />
شده <strong>ا</strong>ست... <strong>ب</strong>عد د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong>سمی فيزيک ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ع شد يع<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه فيزيک <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی خ<strong>ا</strong>لص؛ فيزيک<br />
<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>خه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز فيزيک <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>خه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی که ت<strong>و</strong>سط<br />
<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضيد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>يه گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی میشد. د<strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> خط <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضيد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که معت<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>کی (ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً<br />
م<strong>ن</strong>طقی) <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ک می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong>م م<strong>ا</strong>دی که<br />
فهميد <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه ک<strong>ا</strong>فی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>مش <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست<strong>ن</strong>د محد<strong>و</strong>د میديد، لز<strong>و</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ً هميشه تم<strong>ا</strong>يل د<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong> حد<br />
ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه تج<strong>ر</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong>ت تقليل دهد. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه شي<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>کی ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه ک<strong>ن</strong>د، ي<strong>ا</strong> حتی<br />
کل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> چشم <strong>ب</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>شد. ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ي<strong>ا</strong>فتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی <strong>و</strong> عي<strong>ن</strong>ی، <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> فيزيکی <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>غ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً مح<strong>و</strong> شد<strong>ن</strong>د. ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ط ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مع<strong>ا</strong>دل<strong>ا</strong>ت ديف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>سيل ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه<br />
میشد<strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضيد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی خ<strong>و</strong>د ف<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong>دهد، <strong>و</strong>قتی فيزيک تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
تحليل میک<strong>ن</strong>د... میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong>يد <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زش عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه دست <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> شخص <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ر</strong>سد که م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> يک ت<strong>و</strong>سعه <strong>ا</strong>ختي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ئيم...<br />
د<strong>ر</strong>ک مفه<strong>و</strong>م، همه ج<strong>ا</strong>، ج<strong>ا</strong>ی ع<strong>ن</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته <strong>ا</strong>ست... <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی، <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>و</strong>شی<br />
malaise) ،(le <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فيزيک <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه گي<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز حق<strong>ا</strong>يق عي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س شکل <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی<br />
که ت<strong>و</strong>سط فيزيک تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک ف<strong>ر</strong>ض شده، ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح د<strong>ا</strong>ده میش<strong>و</strong>د." (صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت ٣٢<br />
چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> علت <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم "فيزيکی". ک<strong>و</strong>ششه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تج<strong>ا</strong>عی هم<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong>فت علم<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ق ي<strong>ا</strong>فته<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>و</strong>فقيته<strong>ا</strong>ی عظيمی که ت<strong>و</strong>سط علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی کس<strong>ب</strong> شده، <strong>ن</strong>زديک شد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>و</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ده که میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>يق <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی ک<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضيد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تش<strong>و</strong>يق <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>و</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ده چشم <strong>ب</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د. "م<strong>ا</strong>ده مح<strong>و</strong> میش<strong>و</strong>د"، ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
مع<strong>ا</strong>دله <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>حله <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه شي<strong>و</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی جديد، <strong>ا</strong>يده که<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>يم: خ<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> مق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong> مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. ه<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که ديده<strong>ا</strong>يم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حيه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی فيزيک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>جد می<strong>ا</strong>ٓيد ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضي<strong>ا</strong>ت ع<strong>ا</strong>لی <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
مد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>س ط<strong>ر</strong>فد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی میک<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> محصلي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>حيه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم که د<strong>ر</strong> عص<strong>ر</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع ک<strong>ن</strong>د. (ف. <strong>ا</strong>. ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ؤي<strong>ا</strong>ی مسخ<strong>ر</strong>ه يک<br />
،Materialismus چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم،<br />
م<strong>ر</strong>تجع <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong> چيزی جز يک شيفتگی م<strong>و</strong>قت عده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز متخصصي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
(٢٢٨ –<br />
Geschichte des<br />
،١٨٩۶ جلد ،٢ صفحه (xiix<br />
–<br />
(edifie)
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