Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Page 1 ا > ) ( Page 2 Page 3 3 ا پ ر از ب و ا ا و . ا. او ء ر ا ا داه . ا از رو ن ا ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
"<br />
B<br />
[<br />
A<br />
226<br />
معم<strong>و</strong>لی فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong>ه مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، [که ه<strong>ر</strong>تز ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز هم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه <strong>پ</strong>شتي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د." <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه.<br />
ج<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong>تز د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک دقت ک<strong>ن</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد: "<strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> علت <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> فيزيک د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل ح<strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>جيح میدهد خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د دقيق<br />
ش<strong>و</strong>يم، ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست ج<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> دهيم که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ر</strong>يق (فيزيک م) <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>جهی <strong>ا</strong>ز ح<strong>ر</strong>ف زد<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه چيزی که <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> کم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>جت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> می<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>زد... <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته<br />
م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل ح<strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ر</strong> متق<strong>ا</strong>عديم که م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>تمه<strong>ا</strong> تشکيل شده <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د معي<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ً معي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>تمه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ شکل <strong>ا</strong>تمه<strong>ا</strong>، <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>، د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>، همه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>شيده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی که د<strong>ر</strong>ک م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د يک م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع مهم <strong>و</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی مش<strong>ا</strong>هد<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>زی خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضی <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خته شده <strong>و</strong> معل<strong>و</strong>م مفيد <strong>ن</strong>يست." (هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>، جلد<br />
صفحه ه<strong>ر</strong>تز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تظ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>شت که مط<strong>ا</strong>لعه <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>ضيحی <strong>ا</strong>ز "م<strong>ا</strong>هيت م<strong>ا</strong>ده س<strong>ن</strong>تی...<br />
<strong>ا</strong>صطک<strong>ا</strong>ک <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی ج<strong>ا</strong>ذ<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>" تد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د. (حلد يک، صفحه ٣۵۴)<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی حتی <strong>ب</strong>ه فک<strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong>تز<br />
هم خط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه <strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ر</strong>ک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم. د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت م<strong>ا</strong>ده د<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د که، <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>يم، فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>تم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>مّ<strong>ا</strong><br />
ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>سيده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه مفه<strong>و</strong>می <strong>و</strong>سيع ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>سيده <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ يک<br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه ج<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه ديگ<strong>ر</strong> میدهد؛ <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> مث<strong>ب</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>ً ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ختی <strong>ن</strong>يست؛ ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> سه م<strong>ا</strong>ه<br />
<strong>پ</strong>يش ژ<strong>و</strong>ئ<strong>ن</strong> ژ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ک<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓک<strong>ا</strong>دمی عل<strong>و</strong>م ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>سه گز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ش د<strong>ا</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> م<strong>و</strong>فق <strong>ب</strong>ه کشف<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "جز<strong>ء</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تشکيل ده<strong>ن</strong>ده م<strong>ا</strong>ده" شده <strong>ا</strong>ست<br />
فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی چه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ز س<strong>و</strong>د ج<strong>و</strong>ئی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong>قعيتی خ<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong>قتی "م<strong>ا</strong>ده" ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز ت<strong>و</strong>سط ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> "جستج<strong>و</strong>" میشد <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز يک "<strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د.<br />
يک <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی ديگ<strong>ر</strong>، م<strong>ر</strong>تجعت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ف<strong>ن</strong> ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تم<strong>ن</strong><br />
يک کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ی فيزيک مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ختص<strong>ا</strong>ص د<strong>ا</strong>د. )<br />
، <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت خ<strong>ا</strong>ص<br />
م<strong>و</strong>ٔلف د<strong>ر</strong> دف<strong>ا</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>عی خ<strong>و</strong>د ذيعل<strong>ا</strong>قه <strong>ن</strong>يستيم. <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مهم <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست <strong>ب</strong>ه هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ئی ت<strong>و</strong>جه میک<strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ر</strong>ی، <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong>. ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تم<strong>ن</strong> میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "فيزيک<br />
مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> يک م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>ر</strong>شد ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ستيکی د<strong>ر</strong> عص<strong>ر</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>شت ت<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong>فتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ر</strong>يقی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی د<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه تفسي<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه<br />
،٣<br />
–<br />
comptes rendus des seanves de<br />
Eduard von<br />
Die<br />
)<br />
–<br />
(١٩٠٨<br />
(٢١<br />
٢٢)<br />
L'Academie des Sciences, S. 1311<br />
(Hartmann<br />
Weltanschaung der modernen Physik, 1902, Leipzig)<br />
-A<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: که ه<strong>ر</strong>تز ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ز "عکسی <strong>ا</strong>ز جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه "ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی میک<strong>ن</strong>د" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه<br />
,dass Hertz "immer noch an der Existenz der Welt an sich festhält" usw.<br />
-B<br />
م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يست، جلد ١٩٠۶، ١۶، شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ٢، صفحه ١۶۴؛ مق<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه "م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم" م<strong>ا</strong>خ