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<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>يست که ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت مخل<strong>و</strong>ق ذه<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> مج<strong>ر</strong>د يع<strong>ن</strong>ی خد<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، "ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شي<strong>ن</strong>ی"<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
"<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مطل<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> (يع<strong>ن</strong>ی مطل<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> "مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم") که <strong>ب</strong>ه شدت <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
دست می<strong>ا</strong>ٓيد م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>هيليسم می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د: کليه تغيي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت ح<strong>ر</strong>کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> تغيي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی هست<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
که م<strong>ا</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>ب</strong>فهميم، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چه ح<strong>ر</strong>کت میک<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong>ک ش<strong>و</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد ح<strong>ر</strong>کت<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد." (صفحه ١۶۶) "هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که سعی ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> دهم، <strong>و</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که معتقدم، <strong>پ</strong>يش<strong>ر</strong>فت<br />
فيزيک <strong>و</strong>سيله م<strong>و</strong>ٔث<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong>يشع<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>و</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
مج<strong>ر</strong>دي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی کل <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت می<strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>يد... م<strong>ا</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong>گز <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>يق مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم <strong>ب</strong>ه خد<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>سيم." (صفحه ١٨٠)<br />
خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>. خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> دقيق<strong>ا</strong>ً مثل "مط<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>تی ’د<strong>ر</strong>‛ فلسفه م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم" <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ل<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>سکی، ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف مع<strong>ر</strong>فی ک<strong>ن</strong>يد. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> کمی "ش<strong>ر</strong>مگي<strong>ن</strong>"ت<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز شم<strong>ا</strong> هست<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> دکت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>و</strong>عظه میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
د<strong>و</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش د<strong>ر</strong> فيزيک مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
-۵<br />
(Hermann Cohen)<br />
،"Geschichte des Materalismus"<br />
(Fr. Albert Lange)<br />
١٨٩۶<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>دم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی مشه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong><br />
("ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ"<br />
ف<strong>ا</strong>تح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه غي<strong>ر</strong> معم<strong>و</strong>لی مقدمه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت. ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong><br />
تح<strong>ر</strong>يف شده "م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم") <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شته ف. <strong>ا</strong>ٓل<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ک<br />
میگ<strong>و</strong>يد (صفحه (xxvi "<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يک <strong>ا</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ع <strong>ب</strong>ه ل<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>يد ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مدتی ک<strong>و</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>م ًل<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>هم <strong>ب</strong>شک<strong>ن</strong>د." "<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه فيزيک<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ف<strong>و</strong>ذ میک<strong>ن</strong>د." (Durchwirkung) "<strong>ا</strong>تمگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد ج<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه دي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ميسم <strong>ب</strong>دهد..." "<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
ح<strong>ا</strong>کی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يست که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> تحقيق د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ختم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زی <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ميده <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong>ست هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که ت<strong>ا</strong>لس <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>لي<strong>ن</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>م د<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه س<strong>ا</strong>زی د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ط ک<strong>ر</strong>د، هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> هم تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong>يسته مقد<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>قل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م م<strong>ا</strong>ده س<strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong> ش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> دگ<strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> عملی س<strong>ا</strong>زد." (صفحه (xxix<br />
ه<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يشه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی فلسفی هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> معل<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>ست که<br />
جيمز <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> (چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د) د<strong>ر</strong> تم<strong>ا</strong>يز ک<strong>و</strong>چک <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
A<br />
A- :<br />
Im Jahre 1896 schrieb der bekannte Kantianer und Idealist تم<strong>ا</strong>م جمله چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<br />
Hermann Cohen außergewöhnlich feierlich und frohlockend in der Einleitung zur 5<br />
Auflage der von Fr. Albert Lange Falsifizierten "Geschichte des Materialismus".
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