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<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ[<br />
20 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
.<br />
[<br />
A<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> چه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی قي<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ر</strong> جهت "صلح <strong>و</strong> مذه<strong>ب</strong>" <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>م. چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ر</strong>شته <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong>ستی م<strong>ا</strong>هيت فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>هميت <strong>ا</strong>جتم<strong>ا</strong>عی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> می د، <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>عدً<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>قتی د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> علم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی صح<strong>ب</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>يم، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم ک<strong>ر</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک کشف <strong>ا</strong>خي<strong>ر</strong> ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که د<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يستم ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يست مت<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ر</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>. ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>سقف <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يت گ<strong>ر</strong>فته شده د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کشف<br />
"سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی" <strong>ا</strong>ست. ف<strong>ر</strong>يز<strong>ر</strong> میگ<strong>و</strong>يد، تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی مح<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی، تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی<br />
ع<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ا</strong>ست. (هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>، صفحه <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong> يک چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ن</strong>شده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د،<br />
ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د کسی <strong>ب</strong>ه فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گليسی ف<strong>ر</strong>يز<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی دست<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ضيد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><br />
فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> "م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست" <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>ر</strong>شک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د!<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی که ف<strong>ر</strong>يز<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه خلسه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>خته <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت زي<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط<br />
<strong>ا</strong>سقف <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م گشته: "<strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong> (ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ش <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong>يد که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ا</strong>يدهه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> مش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د) <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه علت <strong>و</strong> معل<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong>يست، <strong>ب</strong>لکه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی يک <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ي<strong>ا</strong> عل<strong>ا</strong>مت <strong>ا</strong>ز شيئ مشخص شده<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست." (<strong>ب</strong>خش "<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong>ئی، که تحت تص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> علتی که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong>د<br />
معل<strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ئی ش<strong>ر</strong>کت میج<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د ي<strong>ا</strong> همک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>ه کلی غي<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
چيزه<strong>ا</strong>ی غي<strong>ر</strong> معق<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گی میکش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د... <strong>و</strong>قتی ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> عل<strong>ا</strong>ئمی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>طل<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>ت<br />
م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ن</strong>د میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح د<strong>ا</strong>ده ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." (<strong>ب</strong>خش <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته <strong>ب</strong>ه عقيده<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>و</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>يز<strong>ر</strong>، جز <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>هيت چيز ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>يست که م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه کمک <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی"<br />
مطلع گ<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. تعيي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>هميت تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم د<strong>ر</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تشکيل میش<strong>و</strong>د که<br />
می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يست ج<strong>ا</strong>يگزي<strong>ن</strong> "<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه<strong>ا</strong>ی" گ<strong>ر</strong>دد که "دع<strong>و</strong>ی تعيي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط علته<strong>ا</strong>ی جسم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د."<br />
(۶۶<br />
١٨٧١<br />
(١٩٠<br />
(۶۵<br />
(<strong>ب</strong>خش ۶۶)<br />
م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د مسئله عليت د<strong>و</strong> خط فلسفی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ی خ<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم. يک "دع<strong>و</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong><br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط علته<strong>ا</strong>ی جسم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." [<strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مکت<strong>ب</strong> متعلق <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ده "که <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک چيز غي<strong>ر</strong> معق<strong>و</strong>ل" ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>سقف <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ن</strong>قی شده، م<strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ست. ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی مفه<strong>و</strong>م علت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
ت<strong>ا</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م "<strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه ي<strong>ا</strong> عل<strong>ا</strong>مت" که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی "<strong>ا</strong>طل<strong>ا</strong>ع م<strong>ا</strong>" ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د (مهي<strong>ا</strong> شده ت<strong>و</strong>سط خد<strong>ا</strong>) ک<strong>ا</strong>هش<br />
میدهد. م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه کس<strong>و</strong>تی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يستمی ه<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong>می که گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش<strong>ا</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم<br />
دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل تحليل میک<strong>ن</strong>يم خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هيم شک<strong>ا</strong>فت.<br />
[<br />
B<br />
- A ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: ف<strong>ر</strong>يز<strong>ر</strong> میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>گلی <strong>ب</strong>دي<strong>ن</strong> س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم کلی ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی محس<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>ع<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د."<br />
Berkeleys "Lieblingstheorie", Sagt A. Fraser, ist die Theorie des "universellen<br />
natürlichen Symbolismus" S.21 P2<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>يه م<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
-B<br />
Und es ist Klar, daß... "Lehre von der Materie" S.22 P.2<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم:
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