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فصل <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم 211<br />
-١ ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> (figure)<br />
-٢<br />
مج<strong>ا</strong>زی م<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص فيزيکی <strong>و</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
میگي<strong>ر</strong>د؛ خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ک <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی فيزيکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يکی د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میگي<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی فيزيکی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک تد<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>م مستقيم خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فيزيک حفظ میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د؛ <strong>و</strong> مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت مف<strong>ا</strong>هيمی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ع مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم فيزيکی شيمي<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. د<strong>ر</strong> مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم س<strong>ن</strong>تی ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>تی<br />
که <strong>ا</strong>ز ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ً ک<strong>ن</strong>دی ک<strong>پ</strong>ی شده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د که، چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خته شده <strong>و</strong> مستقيمً<strong>ا</strong><br />
ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل مش<strong>ا</strong>هده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>د،... <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ع ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ا</strong>ز کليه ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>فته میشد<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>عکس <strong>ا</strong>ٓزم<strong>ا</strong>يشه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>خي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میده<strong>ن</strong>د که ل<strong>ا</strong>زم <strong>ا</strong>ست د<strong>ر</strong>ک خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت ممک<strong>ن</strong> گست<strong>ر</strong>ش<br />
دهيم... مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک س<strong>ن</strong>تی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً دست <strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، ليک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>تً<strong>ا</strong><br />
ک<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>د... د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ر</strong>عته<strong>ا</strong>ی زي<strong>ا</strong>د، ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت متف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ر</strong>سد<br />
که م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>جز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong>يکی<strong>ا</strong>ی تقليل ي<strong>ا</strong>فته <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد که ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>تم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د...<br />
٣- ح<strong>ر</strong>کت، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی تغيي<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ع<strong>ن</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> مج<strong>ا</strong>زی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی فيزيک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>تيجه<strong>ا</strong>ی که <strong>ا</strong>ز ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح عم<strong>و</strong>می فيزيک <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجهگي<strong>ر</strong>ی ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
دست می<strong>ا</strong>ٓيد <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت <strong>ا</strong>ست که مفه<strong>و</strong>م فيزيک، <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>شه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>، تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه مطلق<strong>ا</strong>ً مش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م فيزيک که <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س ت<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> شده، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی<br />
میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." (صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت ۴۶<br />
م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل ط<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> جهت <strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>م که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه <strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>کی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز "فيزيک م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی"، غي<strong>ر</strong> ممک<strong>ن</strong> می<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>شی<br />
ديگ<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح د<strong>ا</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ ه<strong>ر</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> هم که <strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> صح<strong>ب</strong>ت میک<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ن</strong>قض عهد ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، شکی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست که مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يک يک ک<strong>پ</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی س<strong>ر</strong>عت<br />
مت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که فيزيک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک ک<strong>پ</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز ح<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعی س<strong>ر</strong>عت <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک ک<strong>پ</strong>ی، <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> يک ک<strong>پ</strong>ی تق<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>و</strong>قتی <strong>ر</strong>ی میگ<strong>و</strong>يد که د<strong>ر</strong> مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> "عکس<strong>ا</strong>لعملی عليه مکت<strong>ب</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
(م<strong>ا</strong>خی) <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>" <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>قتی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>لکت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>دگ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> عکس<strong>ا</strong>لعمل <strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دی میک<strong>ن</strong>د (صفحه ۴۶)، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔئيد <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت <strong>ا</strong>ست که م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تم<strong>ا</strong>يل<strong>ا</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ش ک<strong>ن</strong>يم که ص<strong>ر</strong>ف <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>پ</strong>يش<br />
د<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>ی عم<strong>و</strong>می عليه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم که د<strong>ر</strong> کليه س<strong>ر</strong>سخت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تحصيل ک<strong>ر</strong>ده مشت<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>ا</strong>ست،<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جستهت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يسي<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> يک جهل ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ز دي<strong>ا</strong>لکتيک فلج شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
(figuratif)<br />
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