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فصل <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>جم 205<br />

‏(صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت – ٣٣ (٣٨<br />

‏["تغيي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>ا</strong>ز فيزيک <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز ه<strong>ر</strong> چيز <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>شی<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>شت."‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زش هستی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong>،‏ <strong>ر</strong>د میش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> مع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong>ديد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه فيزيک<br />

<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />

خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ج <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد"‏ د<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>ن</strong>قشهم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<br />

‏"تج<strong>ر</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong>ت خُلص"‏ س<strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د،"‏ ‏"<strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> جستج<strong>و</strong>ی تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ک<strong>ا</strong>م ‏ًل<strong>ا</strong> مج<strong>ر</strong>ديست که ت<strong>ا</strong> حد <strong>ا</strong>مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />

ف<strong>ر</strong>ضيه م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> حذف ک<strong>ن</strong>د."‏ ‏"<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی جزئی <strong>ا</strong>ز س<strong>ا</strong>خت فيزيک <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد.‏ <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> دليل <strong>ا</strong>ست که فيزيک مفه<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> غ<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً‏ میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فيزيک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژیگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د."،‏ <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> چه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />

تسميه مثل<strong>ا</strong>ً‏ د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د يک <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ده فيزيک مفه<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست.‏ ‏(<strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف<br />

۴۶<br />

(konzeptualistische Auffassung)<br />

[<br />

A<br />

صفحه ۴١)<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته يکی ک<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژتيک <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ر</strong>ی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً‏ صحيح <strong>ن</strong>يست.‏ هم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>طمي<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> دهی<br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> که مکت<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يستی علي<strong>ر</strong>غم عدم ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق ژ<strong>ر</strong>ف خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه سمت <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><br />

<strong>پ</strong>ديد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> فيزيک می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>د.‏ ‏(صفحه <strong>ن</strong>يز د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ن</strong>يست.‏ ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی ‏"<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>"‏ <strong>ر</strong>ی<br />

م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>د،‏ <strong>ب</strong>لکه م<strong>ب</strong>هم میک<strong>ن</strong>د؛ <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ‏ م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ستيم <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>جت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>زيم <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><br />

میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ستيم <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ی د<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شيم که يک ‏"<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يست"‏ <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> فيزيک <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> چط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />

می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د.‏ <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ً‏ مخ<strong>ا</strong>لفت مکت<strong>ب</strong> ‏"<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>"‏ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت که<strong>ن</strong>،‏ هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> که خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده ممک<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />

ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ع ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً‏ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د کل<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><strong>پ</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز هلمه<strong>و</strong>لتز که ف<strong>و</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>ً‏ <strong>ن</strong>قل ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم مط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ست.‏ <strong>ر</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong><br />

ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>،‏ <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>معي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> تزلزل <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت فلسفی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>عکس<br />

میس<strong>ا</strong>زد.‏ م<strong>ا</strong>هيت <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> فيزيک مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong>يخت<strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی که<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>فی<br />

<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت عي<strong>ن</strong>ی م<strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ج <strong>ا</strong>ز ذه<strong>ن</strong> تشکيل میش<strong>و</strong>د،‏ يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم<br />

<strong>و</strong> شکگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی.‏ <strong>ا</strong>ٓدم میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د مشکل <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong>يژه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>طه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی که<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د ‏"م<strong>ا</strong>ده مح<strong>و</strong> شده <strong>ا</strong>ست".‏ <strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مکث <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ئيم <strong>و</strong><br />

د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مشکل <strong>ب</strong>حث ک<strong>ن</strong>يم.‏<br />

(۴٨<br />

-A<br />

ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم:‏ ‏"تغيي<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>شی <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>هميت هستی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>یه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز يک<br />

ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد <strong>ا</strong>غ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>هميت <strong>پ</strong>ديد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه فيزيک <strong>ا</strong>ست.‏ <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>"‏ تج<strong>ر</strong>يد<strong>ا</strong>ت خ<strong>ا</strong>ص"‏<br />

ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د"...‏<br />

Die Modifikationen in dieser Auffassung der Physik bestehen vornehmlich<br />

darin, daß der ontologische Wert der Theorien abgelehnt und die<br />

phänomenologische Bedeutung der Physik außerordentlich betont wird.<br />

Die konzeptualistische Auffassung habe es mit "reinen Abstraktionen" zu<br />

tun,... S. 257

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