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فصل چه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>م 197<br />
کسی که هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>تجع، هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> "ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>ست که خ<strong>و</strong>د لکل<strong>ر</strong>،<br />
س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ل دم<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong> کم<br />
يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت س<strong>و</strong>لد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>م. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يش محق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه (کمت<strong>ر</strong> محق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه) <strong>ب</strong>ه هگل تکيه میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ر</strong>تي<strong>ب</strong> فلسفه هگل م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليستی<br />
<strong>و</strong><br />
میش<strong>و</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong>ه ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>ع ک<strong>ن</strong>يد. د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong>، مطلق، جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>دی<br />
جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>دی، شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد <strong>و</strong> شيئ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه ذه<strong>ن</strong> مطلق میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد که <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
مصد<strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong>ته <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> (ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong>) <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ر</strong>يق يک تج<strong>ر</strong>يد خ<strong>ا</strong>لص <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سه<br />
مشخص ت<strong>ب</strong>ديل میک<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چه هگل خ<strong>و</strong>د تشخيص مید<strong>ا</strong>د، تشخيص <strong>ن</strong>میدهد... <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
ط<strong>ر</strong>زی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>ظم هگل، د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>، ههکل <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم علمی – ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> هم جمع میک<strong>ن</strong>د."<br />
ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت س<strong>و</strong>لد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د دستهه<strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفی ق<strong>ا</strong>ضی <strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong>عيض ه<strong>ر</strong> کسی، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ضم<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>شليم ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میست<strong>ا</strong>يد.<br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>يگ<strong>ن</strong> ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديش <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ا</strong>مه <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی گله ک<strong>ر</strong>د که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سيه<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ژ<strong>و</strong>زف ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> "ت<strong>و</strong>هي<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د" <strong>و</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>پ</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>گ د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<br />
"مع<strong>ر</strong>فت<br />
ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓلم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه ک<strong>ر</strong>د. (ژ<strong>و</strong>زف ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>و</strong> حقيقت" <strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>و</strong>تگ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت، ١٩٠۶، ضميمه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>يد) گله "<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يست" <strong>ب</strong>يچ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه د<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>دش <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>گشت. ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تز مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ که میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گفت چيزکی <strong>ا</strong>ز فلسفه <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيسم مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت که <strong>پ</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> عليه د<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>گ د<strong>ر</strong>ست میگفت. Zeit) ،Die neue<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>و</strong>قتی ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس<br />
م<strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong>ف شد، <strong>ب</strong>ه مشکل<strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د (صفحه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ب</strong>ی چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>يگ<strong>ن</strong><br />
ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ د<strong>ر</strong> يک ي<strong>ا</strong>دد<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>له <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز ج<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>فت که گفت<br />
ژ. ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه "<strong>ا</strong>ٓشتی د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>" "<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>زع، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تدکسه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>يزي<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسته<strong>ا</strong>" خدمت ک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
(Universum)<br />
١٨٩۶ <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت: "<br />
"Erkenntnis und Wahrhit" –<br />
(۴٣٢<br />
(۴٣١<br />
(Die soziale Frage, S. xxxiii)<br />
،Peuilleton صفحه<br />
،١٩٠٨ شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ،٣٨<br />
Zeitِ) ،Die neue ،١٩٠٨ شم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ،۴۴ صفحه (۶۵۴<br />
يک هشد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ديگ<strong>ر</strong>. <strong>ر</strong>فيق د<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>گ: ج<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>ی که <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس <strong>ب</strong>ه سمت "ديتژگ<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی" <strong>و</strong> "م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم"<br />
د<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> میش<strong>و</strong>د، ج<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يست که <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> می<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، [<strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی يک ف<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
سيد<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل ،(Pawel) <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی سمت<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خی گله <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong>يد که م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز "م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع" <strong>ن</strong>قل ق<strong>و</strong>ل می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>م؛ <strong>ا</strong>عت<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>ت شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه "م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع"<br />
چيزی <strong>ن</strong>يست مگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>شش <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت که شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ج<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع س<strong>و</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong>ليست<br />
(م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس، ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ک، مه<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>گ، ک<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>و</strong>تسکی) م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong> (م<strong>ا</strong>خ، <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>و</strong><br />
ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>) <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میگذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يد. <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی شم<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که مسئله "م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع" <strong>و</strong> "م<strong>ر</strong>جعگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
مط<strong>ر</strong>ح <strong>ن</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong>يد!<br />
،(Iwan)<br />
[<br />
A<br />
(Richtung)<br />
(Sidor)<br />
A- ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم: <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>ا</strong>م، ديک <strong>و</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong>ی، <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی تفک<strong>ر</strong>.<br />
... nicht für einzelne Person, nicht für Iwan, Sidor oder Pawel, sondern für die<br />
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