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18 م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم<br />
–<br />
"همي<strong>ن</strong> که م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> می<strong>ا</strong>فتد، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت شکگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> کف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓميز <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>،<br />
تعد<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>زع<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت معم<strong>ا</strong>ئی ("<strong>ا</strong>صل <strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه"، کشف شده ت<strong>و</strong>سط<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی هفت<strong>ا</strong>د (ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> هيجدهم م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس) "فلسفه <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>می <strong>ا</strong>ز جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س<br />
<strong>ا</strong>صل ص<strong>ر</strong>ف حدّ<strong>ا</strong>قل ک<strong>و</strong>شش" <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل میکشد که م<strong>و</strong>ج<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حتی<br />
خد<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ی ثم<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ب</strong><strong>ب</strong> شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، که چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> چه<br />
<strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>تی که م<strong>ا</strong> عليه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> (<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>فت<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کس) <strong>ا</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>مه ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يم، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی ت<strong>و</strong>صيف<br />
مس<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د (که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ر</strong>سد)، مطمئ<strong>ن</strong>م کليه د<strong>و</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مع<strong>ر</strong>فت،<br />
صلح <strong>و</strong> مذه<strong>ب</strong> دليلی د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت ک<strong>ا</strong>فی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د."<br />
<strong>ا</strong>سقف <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>و</strong> جس<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>حث میک<strong>ر</strong>د! د<strong>ر</strong> عهد م<strong>ا</strong> همي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشهه<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong><br />
"<strong>ا</strong>قتص<strong>ا</strong>دی" "م<strong>ا</strong>ده" <strong>ا</strong>ز فلسفه، د<strong>ر</strong> شکل <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده شده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ع<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت<br />
"<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>" مغش<strong>و</strong>ش گشته<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، ت<strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشهه<strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ر</strong>دم خ<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فلسفه "<strong>ا</strong>خي<strong>ر</strong>" گ<strong>ر</strong>فته<br />
ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د!<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ن</strong>ه ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ب</strong>ت <strong>ب</strong>ه گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش<strong>ا</strong>ت فلسفی<strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong>ی<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>لکه میک<strong>و</strong>شيد ت<strong>ا</strong> ع<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليستی خ<strong>و</strong>يش <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز چيزه<strong>ا</strong>ی غي<strong>ر</strong> معق<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>ش <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
"عقل سليم ع<strong>ر</strong>ضه د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> دف<strong>ا</strong>ع غ<strong>ر</strong>يزی خ<strong>و</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز متهم شد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> چه <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم<br />
س<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>ژکتي<strong>و</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده میش<strong>و</strong>د، میگ<strong>و</strong>يد که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> فلسفه خ<strong>و</strong>د "م<strong>ا</strong> حتی <strong>ا</strong>ز يک چيز د<strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يز مح<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>م <strong>ن</strong>میگ<strong>ر</strong>ديم." (<strong>ب</strong>خش ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> تم<strong>ا</strong>يز مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی<br />
میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ه<strong>ا</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>و</strong> متس<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ً د<strong>ر</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." "م<strong>ن</strong> عليه <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د ه<strong>ر</strong> چيزی که میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط حس ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>عک<strong>ا</strong>س د<strong>ر</strong>ک گ<strong>ر</strong>دد، مش<strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>م، د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که <strong>ا</strong>شي<strong>ا</strong>ئی که م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> چشم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>م می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>م<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> دست<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>م لمس میک<strong>ن</strong>م که <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع<strong>ا</strong>ً هم <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، ک<strong>و</strong>چکت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> سئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لی <strong>ن</strong>میک<strong>ن</strong>م.<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> چيزی که م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>فی میک<strong>ن</strong>يم، چيزيست که فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه (ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔکيد <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی) م<strong>ا</strong>ده ي<strong>ا</strong> ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong><br />
جسم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی هيچ خس<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>قيه <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ر</strong>يت <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>میگ<strong>ر</strong>دد، که، <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
ج<strong>ر</strong>أت میگ<strong>و</strong>يم، ه<strong>ر</strong>گز چيزی <strong>ا</strong>ز دست <strong>ن</strong>خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد د<strong>ا</strong>د... [د<strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>ل، ملحد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>شتي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی ظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز يک لغت <strong>ب</strong>ی محت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> حم<strong>ا</strong>يت میک<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ز دست میده<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>خش ٣٧، ج<strong>ا</strong>ئی که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>کلی <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong>م که فلسفه<strong>ا</strong>ش ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> جسم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د، ج<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> میدهد <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز هم <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong> میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "... <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> کلمه ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مفه<strong>و</strong>م ع<strong>ا</strong>مي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ش، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>کي<strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز کيفيته<strong>ا</strong>ی محس<strong>و</strong>س د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته ش<strong>و</strong>د، مثل <strong>و</strong>سعت، ج<strong>ا</strong>مد <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong>، <strong>و</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم متهم <strong>ب</strong>ه ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> گذ<strong>ا</strong>شت<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>و</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مفه<strong>و</strong>م فلسفی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی حم<strong>ا</strong>يت <strong>ا</strong>ز<br />
ح<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>دث ي<strong>ا</strong> کيفيته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> ذه<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong>فته ش<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong>قت <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ستی م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ذع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>م که م<strong>ا</strong><br />
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" <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓ<br />
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ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم:<br />
... ملحد <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ستی خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>هد خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ يک <strong>ا</strong>سم تهی، <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<strong>ا</strong>ش حم<strong>ا</strong>يت ک<strong>ن</strong>د..."<br />
-A<br />
Allerdings werden die Atheisten die anscheinende Stütze verlieren, welche ein leeres<br />
Wort ihrer unfrommen Ansicht gewährt…" S. 19