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١٩٠٢ <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت: ..."<br />
166<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زه م<strong>ن</strong> می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>م که گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>هی <strong>ا</strong>ز فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يست،<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيت، ط<strong>ر</strong>فد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> مکت<strong>ب</strong> ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز تعد<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>چيزی <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، همه، <strong>ب</strong>د<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> که يکديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> طی میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که، علي<strong>ر</strong>غم <strong>ا</strong>ختل<strong>ا</strong>ف ف<strong>ر</strong>دی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>، تق<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
سمت يک <strong>ن</strong>قطه می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د." ("تحليل <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>"، صفحه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>ش غي<strong>ر</strong><br />
معم<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ست م<strong>ا</strong>خ ت<strong>و</strong>جه ک<strong>ن</strong>يم که تعد<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>چيزی <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فلسفه متص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ً<strong>ا</strong><br />
"<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>"، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ د<strong>ر</strong> حقيقت خيلی که<strong>ن</strong> هي<strong>و</strong>می ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تی هست<strong>ن</strong>د. ث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> عقيده م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مهم <strong>ا</strong>ست که<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فلسفه <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>، ج<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong>سيع <strong>ا</strong>ست که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ئی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسته<strong>ا</strong>. م<strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> مقدمه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی "تحليل <strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>" تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د: "<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> يک ح<strong>ر</strong>کت مشت<strong>ر</strong>ک <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د..." (صفحه م<strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>ی ديگ<strong>ر</strong> میگ<strong>و</strong>يد:<br />
"<strong>ب</strong>ه عل<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ه ج<strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> فلسفه ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د... م<strong>ن</strong> چيزی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> (يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong>.<br />
ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>، "ط<strong>ر</strong>ح ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>طق") <strong>ن</strong>می<strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>م که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>، ش<strong>ا</strong>يد <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>دکی تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ت، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>شح<strong>ا</strong>لی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق<br />
م<strong>ا</strong>خ هم چ<strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تص<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د که ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت س<strong>و</strong>لد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز "<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>زديکی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong>يلهلم ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>، م<strong>ا</strong>خ حتی <strong>ا</strong>ٓخ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>و</strong>د، خل<strong>ا</strong>صه <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ش<strong>و</strong>د<br />
گفت ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی فلسفی<strong>ا</strong>ش، "مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>و</strong> خط<strong>ا</strong>" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> تقديم میک<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>يه گز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم، د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت که عل<strong>ا</strong>قه ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "ش<strong>ا</strong>د" <strong>و</strong> "تش<strong>و</strong>يق" ک<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>و</strong> "تف<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ته<strong>ا</strong>ی" <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong> "ش<strong>ا</strong>يد ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>و</strong>قتی<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ه ژ. <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت، که<br />
لس<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>و</strong>زشه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓخ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کل<strong>ا</strong>م د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتیسيسم ميد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> مثلث ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>، م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش "<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م میک<strong>ن</strong>د. )<br />
(۴<br />
١٨٩۴<br />
Einfuehrung in die<br />
،١٩٠۴ صفحه ،٢٩۵ - Das<br />
A<br />
(٩<br />
–<br />
–<br />
(۴<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شم." (۴۶)<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د." bestehend) (vieleicht nur einstweilen noch<br />
،Philosophie der reinen Erfahrung کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> د<strong>و</strong>م،<br />
("Weltproblem", 1906, S. V und 146<br />
،II،٣٢١)<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>کته <strong>پ</strong>تز<strong>و</strong>لت قطع<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>يلی مخ<strong>ا</strong>لف<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست ،(Einf. ش<strong>ا</strong>يد ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خيست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>جسته که <strong>ا</strong>ز چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>زديکی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>مس<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> شد <strong>و</strong><br />
سعی ک<strong>ر</strong>د که خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> جد<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong>د، که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ر</strong>يد ت<strong>و</strong>سط معلم مح<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>يخ شد. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س کلم<strong>ا</strong>تی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که ف<strong>و</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ن</strong>قل ک<strong>ر</strong>ديم د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong>له <strong>و</strong>يلی عليه<br />
ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>فه ک<strong>ر</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>و</strong>يلی ش<strong>ا</strong>يد "<strong>ب</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز حد <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع<strong>ا</strong>ً ل<strong>ا</strong>زم، محکم <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د"<br />
که مق<strong>ا</strong>له <strong>و</strong>يلی<br />
عليه ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يز ش<strong>ا</strong>مل میش<strong>و</strong>د.)<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> که خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> عقيده<strong>ء</strong> <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يم، <strong>ب</strong>گذ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
عقيده<strong>ء</strong> ذ<strong>ا</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيسيسته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ر</strong>سی ک<strong>ن</strong>يم. م<strong>ا</strong> عقيده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که ت<strong>و</strong>سط لکل<strong>ر</strong><br />
د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> شده، ذک<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يم. ش<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت س<strong>و</strong>لد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>ه ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت "ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق"<br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> فيشيه <strong>پ</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>" (يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ن</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ده ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خته شده <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی، ي<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گ<strong>و</strong>تلي<strong>ب</strong><br />
فيشته، که <strong>پ</strong>س<strong>ر</strong>ش د<strong>ر</strong> فلسفه هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د که <strong>پ</strong>س<strong>ر</strong> ژزف ديتزگ<strong>ن</strong>)، <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ش<strong>و</strong><strong>پ</strong>، لکل<strong>ر</strong>،<br />
Vierteljahrsschrift fuer wissenschaftliche Philosophie, S. 29)<br />
"<br />
١٨٨٢<br />
١٨٧٩<br />
A- "Vierteljahrsschriften fuer wissenschaftliche Philosophie", 1894, 18. Jahr-gang,<br />
Heft I, S.29
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