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فصل س<strong>و</strong>م 131<br />
–<br />
٧٦<br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د. "<strong>ا</strong>حس<strong>ا</strong>سه<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ب</strong>ی، چيز سخت <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong>فتهه<strong>ا</strong>ی ف<strong>ر</strong>ضی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>لص" <strong>و</strong><br />
"مخل<strong>و</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong>ت ف<strong>ر</strong>ضی خ<strong>ر</strong>د خ<strong>ا</strong>لص مثل يک هي<strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong> شط<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج" همه "سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی" هست<strong>ن</strong>د.<br />
"مع<strong>ر</strong>فت، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليک <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong> هم چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که ت<strong>و</strong>سعه میي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>د <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
(مط<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>تی<br />
سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong>جه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> می<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>مد... ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت... <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی هست<strong>ن</strong>د..." (هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ج<strong>ا</strong>) "<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت حقيقی؛ فی<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>فسه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> سيستم <strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>مت<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>هی<br />
(<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ی ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع<strong>ا</strong>ً که چه <strong>ا</strong>ٓدم د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>ديست!) <strong>ا</strong>ز سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ست که تم<strong>ا</strong>می مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><br />
جهت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>پ</strong>يش می<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>د." (صفحه ١٨٨) "ج<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه... که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ا</strong>يه مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د...<br />
غي<strong>ر</strong> عقل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی... غي<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>طقی <strong>ا</strong>ست." (صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی "هم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> قد<strong>ر</strong> که چيز، يک<br />
ج<strong>و</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>و</strong>چک <strong>ا</strong>ست که زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی علمی: <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>ژی يک "ث<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ت"،<br />
يک سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ل تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست، که مثل س<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی مدتی <strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
مع<strong>ر</strong>فی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong> کل<strong>ا</strong>م ، <strong>ب</strong>ه ج<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> عقل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong>ف میک<strong>ن</strong>د." (صفحه ٢٠٩)<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> مق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ل م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست ذه<strong>ن</strong>یگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ل<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>س دلقک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٓمده <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> خ<strong>ر</strong>دهه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ "جديدت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>" ت<strong>ر</strong>مي<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>و</strong>ژی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ست <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی، ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت<br />
<strong>و</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> همه سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong> هست<strong>ن</strong>د. ج<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ز خ<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ظم <strong>و</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست:<br />
مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ر</strong>د می<strong>ب</strong>خشد. <strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>م سم<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ی سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>له<strong>ا</strong>ی مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> زمي<strong>ن</strong> هم چ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
مل<strong>ا</strong>حظه میک<strong>ن</strong>يد، <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> علم <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong> می<strong>ا</strong>ٓم<strong>و</strong>زد که زمي<strong>ن</strong> مدته<strong>ا</strong> <strong>پ</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ده<br />
س<strong>ا</strong>زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ي<strong>ا</strong>فته <strong>ا</strong>مک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ظه<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong>شت، م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> همه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تغيي<strong>ر</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong>يم! <strong>ن</strong>ظم ح<strong>ر</strong>کت سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>هه<strong>ا</strong><br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده شده <strong>و</strong> محص<strong>و</strong>ل مع<strong>ر</strong>فت م<strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ی ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>و</strong>قتی حس میک<strong>ن</strong>د که خ<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فلسفه، <strong>ب</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong>زه <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>قم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> گز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت ست<strong>و</strong>ده میش<strong>و</strong>د، کلمه کل<strong>ا</strong>م،<br />
يع<strong>ن</strong>ی خ<strong>ر</strong>د مج<strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong>ه خ<strong>ر</strong>د: <strong>ب</strong>لکه عقل کل، <strong>ن</strong>ه يک ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ع مغز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>ب</strong>لکه چيزی که مقدم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong><br />
مغزی <strong>و</strong>ج<strong>و</strong>د د<strong>ا</strong>شت، چيزی <strong>ا</strong>لهی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>ر</strong>د می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓخ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کل<strong>ا</strong>م "<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم مت<strong>ا</strong>ٔخ<strong>ر</strong>" <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ل قديمی <strong>ا</strong>يم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی <strong>ا</strong>ست که ف<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>فش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>.<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>گي<strong>ر</strong>يم. <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل ١٨٩٩، <strong>و</strong>قتی ه<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ز يک <strong>ن</strong>يمه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليست <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د <strong>و</strong><br />
تحت ت<strong>ا</strong>ٔثي<strong>ر</strong> يک شيميد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ز<strong>ر</strong>گ <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>سي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> مغش<strong>و</strong>ش <strong>و</strong>يلهلم <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>هه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>فته<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د، <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شت: "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط علّی عم<strong>و</strong>می <strong>پ</strong>ديدهه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓخ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>هت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ن</strong>د مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست؛ <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> شم<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>و</strong> ع<strong>ا</strong>لیت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که ، <strong>ب</strong>ه ق<strong>و</strong>ل يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف، خ<strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت ديکته میک<strong>ن</strong>د." ("ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی" <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه، صفحه ۴١)<br />
ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> خد<strong>ا</strong> مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ٔخذ <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز کج<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ست. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعيت <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست که "ق<strong>و</strong>ل يک<br />
فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف" که <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عتم<strong>ا</strong>د ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> "م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست" تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> شده، ق<strong>و</strong>ل ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ست. يک <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قعه <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>!<br />
<strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong>يشت<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> جهت <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه "ص<strong>ر</strong>ف" <strong>ن</strong>ف<strong>و</strong>ذ <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح<br />
د<strong>ا</strong>د.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف د<strong>ر</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ل که ديگ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ط<strong>ب</strong>يعی ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>لد <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>د،<br />
<strong>پ</strong><strong>و</strong>زيتي<strong>و</strong>يسم مد<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong> ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> عليت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه مث<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه يک <strong>و</strong>سيله <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط د<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓگ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<br />
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