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<strong>پ</strong>"<br />
ص(<br />
130<br />
<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> تجديد میک<strong>ن</strong>د، يع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>چ<strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت می <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د، <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د..."<br />
م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مث<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> جهت <strong>ن</strong>قل میک<strong>ن</strong>يم که <strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده يک <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ء</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز د<strong>ر</strong>جه خ<strong>ا</strong>می<br />
ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>دهيم که "تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ع<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> چيزی حقيقت<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. د<strong>ر</strong><br />
ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که فل<strong>ا</strong>سفه<strong>ا</strong>ی که ت<strong>ا</strong> کمت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> حد د<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع خ<strong>و</strong>د م<strong>ن</strong>ظم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> ص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>حت میگ<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
که <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>گشته <strong>ا</strong>ست! زي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>هيت <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>قطه <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> لز<strong>و</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ً د<strong>ر</strong> تک<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />
ف<strong>ر</strong>م<strong>و</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دیه<strong>ا</strong>ی ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت <strong>ن</strong>هفته <strong>ن</strong>يست، <strong>ب</strong>لکه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی <strong>ا</strong>يده <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>سی مشت<strong>ر</strong>ک د<strong>ر</strong> هي<strong>و</strong>م <strong>و</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت<br />
<strong>ن</strong>هفته <strong>ا</strong>ست. يع<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>فی ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> عي<strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong>ت<strong>ا</strong>ج "ش<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يط" خ<strong>ا</strong>ص "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه"، <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>و</strong>ل<br />
مشخص، <strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>و</strong>ل مسلم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ت خ<strong>ا</strong>ص <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع، <strong>ا</strong>ز شع<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>، <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت. <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس حق<br />
د<strong>ا</strong>شت <strong>و</strong>قتی که گفت <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مهم <strong>ن</strong>يست که يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong>ه کد<strong>ا</strong>ميک <strong>ا</strong>ز مکت<strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>ی متعدد م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم ي<strong>ا</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم متعلق <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ب</strong>لکه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مهم <strong>ا</strong>ست که <strong>ا</strong>ٓي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت، جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جی، م<strong>ا</strong>ده د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ر</strong>کت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><br />
مقدم د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> میگي<strong>ر</strong>د ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح، خ<strong>ر</strong>د، شع<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>.<br />
يکی ديگ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز صف<strong>ا</strong>ت خ<strong>ا</strong>ص م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> مسئله، د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> س<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> خط<strong>و</strong>ط فلسفی،<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی متخصص، <strong>ا</strong>. ل<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ا</strong>ده شده <strong>ا</strong>ست. د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه مسئله عليت "م<strong>ا</strong>خ ک<strong>ا</strong>مل<strong>ا</strong>ً <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> هي<strong>و</strong>م<br />
م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ا</strong>ست." <strong>و</strong>لکم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سهه<strong>ا</strong>ی ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>ب</strong>ه دست<br />
می<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. ديدگ<strong>ا</strong>هی که د<strong>ر</strong> تض<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> ت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت، حقيقت ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز میش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سد؛<br />
<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong>ّ <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> عکس ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ت، م<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong>ع ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه <strong>ب</strong>لکه د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سهه<strong>ا</strong>ی ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت جستج<strong>و</strong> میک<strong>ن</strong>د."<br />
٧٥ A<br />
.<br />
B<br />
(۴٢۴<br />
<strong>و</strong>لکم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> فيزيکد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست که تق<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً همه ج<strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه مس<strong>ا</strong>ئل تئ<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ی ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خت می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد <strong>و</strong> مثل<br />
<strong>ا</strong>کث<strong>ر</strong>يت د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>شم<strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم متم<strong>ا</strong>يل <strong>ا</strong>ست، <strong>ا</strong>گ<strong>ر</strong> چه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسمی <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>، ج<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ر</strong>ت<strong>ب</strong>ط.<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>زش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>سی ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت د<strong>ر</strong> ط<strong>ب</strong>يعت <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ستخ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ج ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ستخ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ج ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت، عليت، ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>و</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ديشه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ست. ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> چيزی که د<strong>ر</strong> قطعه<strong>ا</strong>ی<br />
که ق<strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ً ذک<strong>ر</strong> شد ک<strong>ا</strong>فی <strong>ن</strong>يست، <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ست که <strong>ن</strong>فی ک<strong>ا</strong>مل تم<strong>ا</strong>می ض<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>ت م<strong>ن</strong>تس<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>ا</strong>ست. ديده<strong>ا</strong>يم که<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ ي<strong>ا</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ر</strong>يتيکی د<strong>ر</strong> کل، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>گزي<strong>ر</strong> لغزيد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong>ست.<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>قی میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که <strong>ب</strong>ه خص<strong>و</strong>ص چ<strong>ن</strong>د کلمه<strong>ا</strong>ی هم د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه م<strong>ا</strong>خيسته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>سی <strong>ب</strong>گ<strong>و</strong>ئيم. همه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> که حس<strong>ر</strong>ت م<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>کسيست شد<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه دل د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ن</strong>د؛ م<strong>ر</strong>ز<strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>دی قطعی م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يش هي<strong>و</strong>می<br />
ت<strong>و</strong>سط <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گلس <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> "خ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د"؛ <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ن</strong>میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ست<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>خ ي<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ه<strong>ر</strong> کس ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی که کمت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی<br />
<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> فلسفه <strong>و</strong>ی د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>فهميده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong>د که م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س خط هي<strong>و</strong>م <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> د<strong>ن</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. معذ<strong>ا</strong>لک <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />
همه م<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ق<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د حتی يک کلمه هم <strong>ا</strong>ز هي<strong>و</strong>مگ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئی ي<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم د<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه مسئله عليت <strong>ن</strong>گ<strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>د؛<br />
<strong>ا</strong>غتش<strong>ا</strong>ش <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ا</strong>مل <strong>ا</strong>ست. چ<strong>ن</strong>د مث<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>يم: <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ی ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>سم<strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>ليسم "<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong>" <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>و</strong>عظ<br />
A - Annalen der Naturphilosophie ٧۵ <strong>ا</strong>. ل<strong>و</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong> هشتم، صفحه ۴٠٩<br />
B.VI, 1907, S 443, 447<br />
،Kantstudien کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><br />
Das Erkenntnisprblem und Machs<br />
(مسئله مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>خ)<br />
د<strong>ر</strong><br />
-B
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