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فصل س<strong>و</strong>م 117<br />
میم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>و</strong> ت<strong>و</strong>ضيح <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> که تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>لص، تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>يست که هيچ چيز ديگ<strong>ر</strong>ی که <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>و</strong>د تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ن</strong>يست <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> مخل<strong>و</strong>ط <strong>ن</strong>شده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد، <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه گ<strong>ر</strong>د يک د<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong>ه میچ<strong>ر</strong>خد." )<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>دت می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد: "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
فلسفه سيستم<strong>ا</strong>تيک)، ل<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>پ</strong>زيگ،<br />
خ<strong>ا</strong>لص <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ب</strong>عضی م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>ع <strong>و</strong>هم <strong>و</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>قع ديگ<strong>ر</strong> يک م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع ي<strong>ا</strong> خصيصه<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س<br />
"جسم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يت"<br />
مفه<strong>و</strong>م تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> کش میدهد (صفحه ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong> می<strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يسد: "تم<strong>ا</strong>می مع<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> فلسفه <strong>ب</strong>ستگی <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
تع<strong>ر</strong>يف دقيق <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ژهه<strong>ا</strong>ی تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>و</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>لص د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س يک تع<strong>ر</strong>يف دقيق <strong>ب</strong>ه دست<br />
<strong>ن</strong><strong>ر</strong>م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>سميت میگ<strong>و</strong>يد: "<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>م<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ژه<strong>ء</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه، <strong>ب</strong>ه ح<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> س<strong>و</strong>دم<strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ا</strong>ست، [زي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> کمک میک<strong>ن</strong>د ت<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه عليه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>، ق<strong>ا</strong>چ<strong>ا</strong>قی <strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د ک<strong>ن</strong>د. ("ذه<strong>ن</strong>"، جلد ١۵، صفحه ٢٩)<br />
"م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓشک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>عل<strong>ا</strong>م میک<strong>ن</strong>م که ُک<strong>ن</strong>ه مع<strong>ن</strong>ی <strong>و</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ح فلسفه م<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> تشکيل میش<strong>و</strong>د که <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
هيچ چيز <strong>ن</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>د مگ<strong>ر</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه؛ يک <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ه<strong>ر</strong> چيز <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> زم<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی د<strong>ر</strong>ک میک<strong>ن</strong>د که ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ط<strong>ر</strong>يق تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
<strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ر</strong>سيده <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong>شد..." يک فيلس<strong>و</strong>ف <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong>ت تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه خ<strong>ا</strong>لص، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> ط<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست؟ <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>يس<strong>ن</strong>ده <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> کلم<strong>ا</strong>ت<br />
<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليست ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی فيشته <strong>ا</strong>ست. usw) ،Sonnenklarer Bericht, صفحه م<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز ت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ فلسفه<br />
مید<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم که تفسي<strong>ر</strong> مفه<strong>و</strong>م تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه، م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسته<strong>ا</strong>ی کل<strong>ا</strong>سيک <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسته<strong>ا</strong> جد<strong>ا</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>د. <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>زه<br />
فلسفه <strong>ا</strong>ست<strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه کليه دستهه<strong>ا</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>هيت <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>تج<strong>ا</strong>عی خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>طقی <strong>پ</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong>ض<strong>و</strong>ع "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه" <strong>پ</strong><strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong><br />
میک<strong>ن</strong>د. تم<strong>ا</strong>م ذ<strong>ا</strong>ت گ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه مت<strong>و</strong>سل میش<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>د. م<strong>ا</strong>خ د<strong>ر</strong> مقدمه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> چ<strong>ا</strong><strong>پ</strong> د<strong>و</strong>م "مع<strong>ر</strong>فت <strong>و</strong><br />
خط<strong>ا</strong>"ی خ<strong>و</strong>د، کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong> <strong>ن</strong><strong>و</strong>شته <strong>و</strong>يلهلم <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>شليم <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> میست<strong>ا</strong>يد که د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong> میخ<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>يم: "<strong>پ</strong>ذي<strong>ر</strong>ش يک هستی<br />
<strong>ا</strong>لهی <strong>ا</strong>صيل <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه د<strong>ر</strong> تض<strong>ا</strong>د <strong>ن</strong>يست." ("<strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم <strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>تق<strong>ا</strong>دی <strong>و</strong> م<strong>ن</strong>طق خ<strong>ا</strong>لص"، صفحه ٢٢٢<br />
Systematische<br />
Der<br />
،١٩٠٧ صفحه (١٠٢<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ست." Studien) ،Philosophische جلد ،١٢ صفح<strong>ا</strong>ت – ٩٢ (٩٣<br />
.(٣٨٢<br />
(١٢<br />
،١٩٠٧ صفحه .(۶١<br />
Philosophie<br />
<strong>ن</strong>میدهد." neo-scolastique) ،Revue<br />
[<br />
A<br />
(kritische Idealismus und die reine Logik<br />
(۵٣<br />
<strong>ا</strong>ٓدم ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> کس<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ی که <strong>ن</strong>ظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>و</strong> ش<strong>ر</strong>ک<strong>ا</strong><strong>ء</strong> <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> ک<strong>ر</strong>ده<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>د که میت<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه کمک<br />
کلمه "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه" <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong> تم<strong>ا</strong>يز "مت<strong>ر</strong><strong>و</strong>ک" <strong>ب</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>ا</strong>ت<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ليسم <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم غ<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ب</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓمد، دلس<strong>و</strong>زی ک<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>و</strong>قتی<br />
<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ن</strong>تي<strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>و</strong> ي<strong>و</strong>شک<strong>و</strong>يچ، <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> متهم <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ستف<strong>ا</strong>ده <strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>د<strong>ر</strong>ست <strong>ا</strong>ز کلمه "تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه" میک<strong>ن</strong><strong>ن</strong>د، که ت<strong>ا</strong><br />
حد<strong>و</strong>دی <strong>ا</strong>ز م<strong>ا</strong>خيسم خ<strong>ا</strong>لص م<strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>ر</strong>ف شده، <strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓق<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> جهل خ<strong>و</strong>د <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ن</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong> میده<strong>ن</strong>د. <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف د<strong>ر</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ن</strong> م<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong>د "مقص<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>يست" <strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> ت<strong>ن</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>ح<strong>و</strong>ی <strong>ب</strong><strong>ن</strong>ده<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>غتش<strong>ا</strong>ش م<strong>ا</strong>خ <strong>و</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> ق<strong>ر</strong>ض گ<strong>ر</strong>فت.<br />
<strong>و</strong>قتی <strong>ب</strong><strong>و</strong>گد<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ف میگ<strong>و</strong>يد که "شع<strong>و</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>و</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ب</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>سطه ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی مف<strong>ا</strong>هيم مش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong>هی هست<strong>ن</strong>د<br />
د<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>لی که م<strong>ا</strong>ده تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ن</strong>يست"، <strong>ا</strong>م<strong>ا</strong> "<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خته<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ا</strong>ست<br />
("<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم"، کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><br />
<strong>ا</strong><strong>و</strong> تج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ب</strong>ه<br />
که ه<strong>ر</strong> چيز ش<strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong>خته شده<strong>ا</strong>ی <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ب</strong><strong>ر</strong>می<strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>گيزد." ("<strong>ا</strong>م<strong>پ</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>م<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong>يسم"، کت<strong>ا</strong><strong>ب</strong><br />
،٣ صفحه (XII<br />
٢ صفحه<br />
ت<strong>ر</strong>جمه مت<strong>ر</strong>جم:<br />
<strong>و</strong> د<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ن</strong>تيجه <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>و</strong><strong>ن</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>و</strong>س س<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ن</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>م <strong>ب</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ستدل<strong>ا</strong>ل که<strong>ن</strong> <strong>ا</strong>يده<strong>ا</strong>ٓليسم ذه<strong>ن</strong>ی مت<strong>و</strong>صل میش<strong>و</strong>د<br />
(تحت<br />
-A<br />
ل<strong>و</strong><strong>ا</strong>ی م<strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>زه <strong>ب</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>ن</strong>)<br />
Den sie hilft ihm, den Idealismus unter dem Schein seiner Bekaempfung<br />
einzuschmugeln,
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