Introduction to biochemistry.pdf

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Cell Membrane • Appears as 3 layers by EM • 7.5-10 nm thick • “Unit membrane” These three things are explained on a molecular level as a phospholipid bilayer Function: osmotic barrier Present in all cells Further consideration in lipid material.
Nucleus • Bounded by a porous nuclear membrane Function: contain DNA Present in all eukaryotic cells • 1 per cell • Often 1-4 nucleoli
Page 1 and 2: Introduction to biochemistry Moshta
Page 4 and 5: Definition of Biochemistry “Chemi
Page 6 and 7: Biomolecules - Elements C, H, O, N
Page 8 and 9: Water • 70% of most organisms •
Page 10 and 11: Sizes of living things
Page 14 and 15: The nucleus and the nuclear envelop
Page 16 and 17: Animal cell anatomy
Page 18 and 19: Mitochondria • Shape varies, size
Page 21 and 22: Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smo
Page 25 and 26: Golgi Apparatus Historically cis, m
Page 27 and 28: Chloroplasts • Stacks of “grana
Page 29 and 30: Microtubules • Polymer of a prote
Page 31 and 32: Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Gluco
Page 33 and 34: Polymerization glucose fructose suc
Page 35 and 36: Storage polysaccharides starch glyc
Page 37 and 38: Chitin: a structural polysaccharide
Page 39 and 40: Cholesterol: a steroid
Page 41 and 42: Nonpolar amino acids
Page 43 and 44: Structural proteins
Page 45 and 46: lysozyme Primary structure of prote
Page 47 and 48: Polymerization is peptide bond form
Page 49 and 50: lysozyme Secondary structure: group
Page 51 and 52: lysozyme Tertiary structure: the ov
Page 53 and 54: Tertiary Structure Most proteins ar
Page 57 and 58: Nucleic Acids are Polymers
Page 59 and 60: Water is Weakly Ionizable • 2 H 2
Page 61 and 62: pKa’ Values are Used to Describe
Page 63 and 64:
Buffers Buffer- a compound that doe
Page 65 and 66:
When pH = pKa’, There is Equal Am
Page 67:
Choosing a Buffer • pKa ± 0.5 pH
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