a comparative study of a Roman frontier province. - Historia Antigua

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7: 217: 3
67. He visited the area in the summer of 1949 when his limitanel theory
was taking shape and recognised what he was sure was a planned and.
systematic
settlement.
68. See now, Buck, Burns and Mattingly 1983,42-54, on the recent ULVP work.
69. Ward-Perkins and Goodchild 1949,29-30 and n. 39.
70. Reynolds 1955,138, no. S 20; Buck, Burns and Mattingly 1983,52-54.
71. Goodchild 1954d, 70-71.
72. Buck, Burns and Mattingly 1983,45-51, for the cemetery surveys.
73. Only a single example of an olive press was found and the wadi wall
systems were less complex and less extensive than in areas of intensive
wadi agriculture. On the other hand there are some large enclosures
suitable for penning stock; see also note 68, above.
74. For a similar view, see Rebuffat 1977,412-15. The practice of rewarding
allies with Roman names, titles and gifts or stipends was continued
into Byzantine times, see above 6: 2, notes 61-63.
75. The slight Romanisation of the elite at Ghirza (some had Roman
praenomina - IRT 899,900, Reynolds 1955, S 22) cannot disguise
their underlying Libyan culture, language and religion, Reynolds, Brogan
and Smith 1958; Brogan 1975b.
76. Brogan and Smith, forthcoming in the Supplements to Libya Antiqua series.
For the older view, see Haynes 1959, pl. 27 and caption.
77. See, for instance, Trousset 1974, site nos. 50-51,60-68 and Rebuffat
1980,122-23.
78.1 visited several of these sites in 1982 with G. D. B. Jones and was
far from convinced by the supposedly military character. The sites
with ditches are Trousset nos. 50-51,65,67 and perhaps 61. Some
of these sites have also produced early pottery (late first - second
century forward), pers. comm. M. Euzennat.
79. Trousset 1974., gives numerous examples of agricultural sites alongside
his "military
posts" including an olive press (site 35) and many
barrages or wadi terraces (sites 29,32,33,38,42,63,65).
80. Mausolea are recorded close to sites 50,51,57,59 (x3), 62,65 and
inscriptions from sites 57 and 59 are of a civilian nature, . Trousset
1974,66-68.
81. App. I, III, for the road running south of the Chott between the
Djerid and Gabes.
82. Cf. Oates 1953; 1954, on the changing character of settlement in the
Fergian region, and the current ULVP findings.
83. App. 3, no. 119. See also Toutain 1903a, 384-85; Pericaud 1905,
259-69; Cagnat 1913,565-68; Trousset 1974,85-86.
84. See App. 3, nos. 114-118, for some comparative material from Libya.
85. Moreau 1904,369-76; Cagnat 1913,563-65, on the excavations.
The suggested uses of different buildings as proposed on the published
plan is an eloquent and absurd testimony of this blinkered approach.
Cagnat's ill-judged comparison between the plan of the main gasr and the
fortlet at Tisavar (1913,563-65) would be amusing were it not
repeated as a supposedly valid typological link even today, Trousset 1974,
103; Rebuffat 1980,122-23.
86. In the course of the ULVP I have personally examined scores of
similar sites. In the majority of cases a civilian interpretation has
seemed the safer
option.
87. Gsur were still being built in the Libyan pre-desert in the ninthcentury
A. D., see Mattingly 1983,103-04; Barker and Jones 1981,38-42.
7: 3 CLAUSURAE
1. Rebuffat 1980,113-14 and others have perhaps rightly questioned whether
the term clausura was used in pre-Byzantine times in the very specific
sense given to it by modern scholars.